• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.195-211
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• 2014

Cloud computing services provide IT resources as services on demand. This is considered a key concept, which will lead a shift from an ownership-based paradigm to a new pay-for-use paradigm, which can reduce the fixed cost for IT resources, and improve flexibility and scalability. As IT services, cloud services have evolved from early similar computing concepts such as network computing, utility computing, server-based computing, and grid computing. So research into cloud computing is highly related to and combined with various relevant computing research areas. To seek promising research issues and topics in cloud computing, it is necessary to understand the research trends in cloud computing more comprehensively. In this study, we collect bibliographic information and citation information for cloud computing related research papers published in major international journals from 1994 to 2012, and analyzes macroscopic trends and network changes to citation relationships among papers and the co-occurrence relationships of key words by utilizing social network analysis measures. Through the analysis, we can identify the relationships and connections among research topics in cloud computing related areas, and highlight new potential research topics. In addition, we visualize dynamic changes of research topics relating to cloud computing using a proposed cloud computing "research trend map." A research trend map visualizes positions of research topics in two-dimensional space. Frequencies of key words (X-axis) and the rates of increase in the degree centrality of key words (Y-axis) are used as the two dimensions of the research trend map. Based on the values of the two dimensions, the two dimensional space of a research map is divided into four areas: maturation, growth, promising, and decline. An area with high keyword frequency, but low rates of increase of degree centrality is defined as a mature technology area; the area where both keyword frequency and the increase rate of degree centrality are high is defined as a growth technology area; the area where the keyword frequency is low, but the rate of increase in the degree centrality is high is defined as a promising technology area; and the area where both keyword frequency and the rate of degree centrality are low is defined as a declining technology area. Based on this method, cloud computing research trend maps make it possible to easily grasp the main research trends in cloud computing, and to explain the evolution of research topics. According to the results of an analysis of citation relationships, research papers on security, distributed processing, and optical networking for cloud computing are on the top based on the page-rank measure. From the analysis of key words in research papers, cloud computing and grid computing showed high centrality in 2009, and key words dealing with main elemental technologies such as data outsourcing, error detection methods, and infrastructure construction showed high centrality in 2010~2011. In 2012, security, virtualization, and resource management showed high centrality. Moreover, it was found that the interest in the technical issues of cloud computing increases gradually. From annual cloud computing research trend maps, it was verified that security is located in the promising area, virtualization has moved from the promising area to the growth area, and grid computing and distributed system has moved to the declining area. The study results indicate that distributed systems and grid computing received a lot of attention as similar computing paradigms in the early stage of cloud computing research. The early stage of cloud computing was a period focused on understanding and investigating cloud computing as an emergent technology, linking to relevant established computing concepts. After the early stage, security and virtualization technologies became main issues in cloud computing, which is reflected in the movement of security and virtualization technologies from the promising area to the growth area in the cloud computing research trend maps. Moreover, this study revealed that current research in cloud computing has rapidly transferred from a focus on technical issues to for a focus on application issues, such as SLAs (Service Level Agreements).

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.17-18
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• 2007

데이터베이스 튜닝은 일반적으로 데이터베이스 어플리케이션을 "좀 더 빠르게" 실행하게 하는 일련의 활동을 뜻한다[1]. 데이터베이스 관리자가 튜닝에 필요한 주먹구구식 룰(Rule of thumb)들을 모두 파악 하고 상황에 맞추어 적용하는 것은 비싼 비용과 오랜 시간을 요구한다. 그렇게 때문에 서로 다른 어플 리케이션들이 맞물려 있는 복잡한 서비스는 필수적으로 자동화된 데이터베이스 성능 관리와 튜닝을 필 요로 한다. 본 논문에서는 이를 해결하기 위하여 지식 도매인(Knowledge Domain)을 기초로 한 자동화 된 데이터베이스 튜닝 원칙(Tuning Principle)을 제시하는 시스템을 제안한다. 각각의 데이터베이스 튜닝 이론들은 지식 도매인의 지식으로 활용되며, 성능에 영향을 미치는 요소들을 개체(Object)와 콘셉트 (Concept)로 구성하고 추론 시스템을 통해 튜닝 원칙을 추론하여 쉽고 빠르게 현재 상황에 맞는 튜닝 방법론을 적용시킬 수 있다. 자동화된 데이터베이스 튜닝에 대해 여러 분야에 걸쳐 학문적인 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 그 예로써 Microsoft의 AutoAdmin Project[2], Oracle의 SQL 튜닝 아키텍처[3], COLT[4], DBA Companion[5], SQUASH[6] 등을 들 수 있다. 이러한 최적화 기법들을 각각의 기능적인 방법론에 따라 다시 분류하면 크게 Design Tuning, Logical Structure Tuning, Sentence Tuning, SQL Tuning, Server Tuning, System/Network Tuning으로 나누어 볼 수 있다. 이 중 SQL Tuning 등은 수치적으로 결정되어 이미 존재하는 정보를 이용하기 때문에 구조화된 모델로 표현하기 쉽고 사용자의 다양한 요구에 의해 변화하는 조건들을 수용하기 쉽기 때문에 이에 중점을 두고 성능 문제를 해결하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 데이터베이스 시스템의 일련의 처리 과정에 따라 DBMS를 구성하는 개체들과 속성, 그리고 연관 관계들이 모델링된다. 데이터베이스 시스템은 Application / Query / DBMS Level의 3개 레벨에 따라 구조화되며, 본 논문에서는 개체, 속성, 연관 관계 및 데이터베이스 튜닝에 사용되는 Rule of thumb들을 분석하여 튜닝 원칙을 포함한 지식의 형태로 변환하였다. 튜닝 원칙은 데이터베이스 시스템에서 발생하는 문제를 해결할 수 있게 하는 일종의 황금률로써 지식 도매인의 바탕이 되는 사실(Fact)과 룰(Rule) 로써 표현된다. Fact는 모델링된 시스템을 지식 도매인의 하나의 지식 개체로 표현하는 방식이고, Rule 은 Fact에 기반을 두어 튜닝 원칙을 지식의 형태로 표현한 것이다. Rule은 다시 시스템 모델링을 통해 사전에 정의되는 Rule와 튜닝 원칙을 추론하기 위해 사용되는 Rule의 두 가지 타업으로 나뉘며, 대부분의 Rule은 입력되는 값에 따라 다른 솔루션을 취하게 하는 분기의 역할을 수행한다. 사용자는 제한적으로 자동 생성된 Fact와 Rule을 통해 튜닝 원칙을 추론하여 데이터베이스 시스템에 적용할 수 있으며, 요구나 필요에 따라 GUI를 통해 상황에 맞는 Fact와 Rule을 수동으로 추가할 수도 었다. 지식 도매인에서 튜닝 원칙을 추론하기 위해 JAVA 기반의 추론 엔진인 JESS가 사용된다. JESS는 스크립트 언어를 사용하는 전문가 시스템[7]으로 선언적 룰(Declarative Rule)을 이용하여 지식을 표현 하고 추론을 수행하는 추론 엔진의 한 종류이다. JESS의 지식 표현 방식은 튜닝 원칙을 쉽게 표현하고 수용할 수 있는 구조를 가지고 있으며 작은 크기와 빠른 추론 성능을 가지기 때문에 실시간으로 처리 되는 어플리케이션 튜닝에 적합하다. 지식 기반 모률의 가장 큰 역할은 주어진 데이터베이스 시스템의 모델을 통하여 필요한 새로운 지식을 생성하고 저장하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 Fact와 Rule은 지식 표현 의 기본 단위인 트리플(Triple)의 형태로 표현된다, 트리플은 Subject, Property, Object의 3가지 요소로 구성되며, 대부분의 Fact와 Rule들은 트리플의 기본 형태 또는 트리플의 조합으로 이루어진 C Condition과 Action의 두 부분의 결합으로 구성된다. 이와 같이 데이터베이스 시스템 모델의 개체들과 속성, 그리고 연관 관계들을 표현함으로써 지식들이 추론 엔진의 Fact와 Rule로 기능할 수 있다. 본 시스템에서는 이를 구현 및 실험하기 위하여 웹 기반 서버-클라이언트 시스템을 가정하였다. 서버는 Process Controller, Parser, Rule Database, JESS Reasoning Engine으로 구성 되 어 있으며, 클라이 언트는 Rule Manager Interface와 Result Viewer로 구성되어 었다. 실험을 통해 얻어지는 튜닝 원칙 적용 전후의 실행 시간 측정 등 데이터베이스 시스템 성능 척도를 비교함으로써 시스템의 효용을 판단하였으며, 실험 결과 적용 전에 비하여 튜닝 원칙을 적용한 경우 최대 1초 미만의 전처리에 따른 부하 시간 추가와 최소 약 1.5배에서 최대 약 3배까지의 처리 시간 개선을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 시스템은 튜닝 원칙을 자동으로 생성하고 지식 형태로 변형시킴으로써 새로운 튜닝 원칙을 파생하여 제공하고, 성능에 영향을 미치는 요소와 함께 직접 Fact과 Rule을 추가함으로써 커스터마이정된 튜닝을 수행할 수 있게 하는 장점을 가진다. 추후 쿼리 자체의 튜닝 및 인텍스 최적화 등의 프로세스 자동화와 Rule을 효율적으로 정의하고 추가하는 방법 그리고 시스템 모델링을 효과적으로 구성하는 방법에 대한 연구를 통해 본 연구를 더욱 개선시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.154-166
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• 2009

Database query and reporting tools, OLAP tools and data mining tools are typical front-end tools in Business Intelligence environment which is able to support gathering, consolidating and analyzing data produced from business operation activities and provide access to the result to enterprise's users. Traditional reporting tools have an advantage of creating sophisticated dynamic reports including SQL query result sets, which look like documents produced by word processors, and publishing the reports to the Web environment, but data source for the tools is limited to RDBMS. On the other hand, OLAP tools and data mining tools have an advantage of providing powerful information analysis functions on each own way, but built-in visualization components for analysis results are limited to tables or some charts. Thus, this paper presents a system that integrates three typical front-end tools to complement one another for BI environment. Traditional reporting tools only have a query editor for generating SQL statements to bring data from RDBMS. However, the reporting tool presented by this paper can extract data also from OLAP and data mining servers, because editors for OLAP and data mining query requests are added into this tool. Traditional systems produce all documents in the server side. This structure enables reporting tools to avoid repetitive process to generate documents, when many clients intend to access the same dynamic document. But, because this system targets that a few users generate documents for data analysis, this tool generates documents at the client side. Therefore, the tool has a processing mechanism to deal with a number of data despite the limited memory capacity of the report viewer in the client side. Also, this reporting tool has data structure for integrating data from three kinds of data sources into one document. Finally, most of traditional front-end tools for BI are dependent on data source architecture from specific vendor. To overcome the problem, this system uses XMLA that is a protocol based on web service to access to data sources for OLAP and data mining services from various vendors.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.19
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• pp.225-244
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• 2009

Electronic security system is composed mainly of electronic-information-communication device, so system technology, configuration and management of the electronic security system could be affected by the change of information-communication environment. This study is to propose the future prospect on the development of technique for electronic security system through the analysis of the trend and the actual condition on the development of technique. This study is based on literature study and interview with user and provider of electronic security system, also survey was carried out by system provider and members of security integration company to come up with more practical result. Hybrid DVR technology that has multi-function such as motion detection, target tracking and image identification is expected to be developed. And 'Embedded IP camera' technology that internet server and image identification software are built in. Those technologies could change the configuration and management of CCTV system. Fingerprint identification technology and face identification technology are continually developed to get more reliability, but continual development of surveillance and three-dimension identification technology for more efficient face identification system is needed. As radio identification and tracking function of RFID is appreciated as very useful for access control system, hardware and software of RFID technology is expected to be developed, but government's support for market revitalization is necessary. Behavior pattern identification sensor technology is expected to be developed and could replace passive infrared sensor that cause system error, giving security guard firm confidence for response. The principle of behavior pattern identification is similar to image identification, so those two technology could be integrated with tracking technology and radio identification technology of RFID for total monitoring system. For more efficient electronic security system, middle-ware's role is very important to integrate the technology of electronic security system, this could make possible of installing the integrated security system.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.555-564
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• 2013

Innovative evolution in mobile devices along with recent spread of Tablet PCs and Smart Phones makes a new change not only in individual life but also in enterprise applications. Especially, in the case of medium-large mobile applications for large enterprises which generally takes more than 3 months of development periods, importance and complexity increase significantly. Generally Agile-methodology is used for a development process for the medium-large scale mobile applications, but some issues arise such as high dependency on skilled developers and lack of detail development directives. In this paper, S-MADP (Smart Mobile Application Development Process) is proposed to mitigate these issues. S-MADP is a service oriented development process extending a object-oriented development process, for medium-large scale mobile applications. S-MADP provides detail development directives for each activities during the entire process for defining services as server-based or client-based and providing the way of reuse of services. Also, in order to support various user interfaces, S-MADP provides detail UI development directives. To evaluate the performance of S-MADP, three mobile application development projects were conducted and the results were analyzed. The projects are 'TBS(TB Mobile Service) 3.0' in TB company, mobile app-store in TS company, and mobile groupware in TG group. As a result of the projects, S-MADP accounts for more detailed design information about 'Minimizing the use of resources', 'Service-based designing' and 'User interface optimized for mobile devices' which are needed to be largely considered for mobile application development environment when we compare with existing Agile-methodology. Therefore, it improves the usability, maintainability, efficiency of developed mobile applications. Through field tests, it is observed that S-MADP outperforms about 25% than a Agile-methodology in the aspect of the required man-month for developing a medium-large mobile application.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.14D no.1 s.111
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

in a software development, the design or architecture prior to implementing the software is essential for the success. This paper presents a case that we successfully designed a software architecture of radiation monitoring system (RMS) for HANARO research reactor currently operating in KAERI by applying the quality attribute-driven design method which is modified from the attribute-driven design (ADD) introduced by Bass[1]. The quality attribute-driven design method consists of following procedures: eliciting functionality and quality requirements of system as architecture drivers, selecting tactics to satisfy the drivers, determining architectures based on the tactics, and implementing and validating the architectures. The availability, maintainability, and interchangeability were elicited as duality requirements, hot-standby dual servers and weak-coupled modulization were selected as tactics, and client-server structure and object-oriented data processing structure were determined at architectures for the RMS. The architecture was implemented using Adroit which is a commercial off-the-shelf software tool and was validated based on performing the function-oriented testing. We found that the design method in this paper is an efficient method for a project which has constraints such as low budget and short period of development time. The architecture will be reused for the development of other RMS in KAERI. Further works are necessary to quantitatively evaluate the architecture.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-207
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• 2006

Today, the SSL protocol has been used as core part in various computing environments or security systems. But, the SSL protocol has several problems, because of the rigidity on operating. First, SSL protocol brings considerable burden to the CPU utilization so that performance of the security service in encryption transaction is lowered because it encrypts all data which is transferred between a server and a client. Second, SSL protocol can be vulnerable for cryptanalysis due to the key in fixed algorithm being used. Third, it is difficult to add and use another new cryptography algorithms. Finally. it is difficult for developers to learn use cryptography API(Application Program Interface) for the SSL protocol. Hence, we need to cover these problems, and, at the same time, we need the secure and comfortable method to operate the SSL protocol and to handle the efficient data. In this paper, we propose the SSL component which is designed and implemented using CBD(Component Based Development) concept to satisfy these requirements. The SSL component provides not only data encryption services like the SSL protocol but also convenient APIs for the developer unfamiliar with security. Further, the SSL component can improve the productivity and give reduce development cost. Because the SSL component can be reused. Also, in case of that new algorithms are added or algorithms are changed, it Is compatible and easy to interlock. SSL Component works the SSL protocol service in application layer. First of all, we take out the requirements, and then, we design and implement the SSL Component, confidentiality and integrity component, which support the SSL component, dependently. These all mentioned components are implemented by EJB, it can provide the efficient data handling when data is encrypted/decrypted by choosing the data. Also, it improves the usability by choosing data and mechanism as user intend. In conclusion, as we test and evaluate these component, SSL component is more usable and efficient than existing SSL protocol, because the increase rate of processing time for SSL component is lower that SSL protocol's.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Truck Shipment Safety Information, which is a part of the development of NERIS is divided into Optimal Route Guidance System and Emergency Response System. This research is for establishing an advance warning system, which aims for preventing damages(fire, explosion, gas-escape etc.) and detecting incidents that are able to happen during transporting hazardous materials in advance through monitoring the position of moving vehicles and the state of hazardous materials in real-time. This research is peformed to confirm the practical possibility of application of the advance warning system that monitors whether the hazardous materials transport vehicles move the allowed routes, finds the time and the location of incidents of the vehicles promptly and develops the emergency system that is able to respond to the incidents as well by using the technologies of CPS, CDMA and CIS with testing the ability of performance. As the results of the test, communication accuracies are 99$\%$ in freeway, 96$\%$ in arterial, 97$\%$ in hilly sections, 99$\%$ in normal sections, 96$\%$ in local sections, 99$\%$ in urban sections and 98$\%$ in tunnels. According to those results, the system has been recorded a high success rate of communication that enough to apply to the real site. However, the weak point appeared through the testing is that the system has a limitation of communication that is caused in the rural areas and certain areas where are fewer antennas that make communication possible between on-board unit and management server. Consequently, for the practical use of this system, it is essential to develop the exclusive en-board unit for the vehicles and find the method that supplements the receiving limitation of the GPS coordinates inside tunnels. Additionally, this system can be used to regulate illegal acts automatically such as illegal negligence of hazardous materials. And the system can be applied to the study about an application scheme as a guideline for transporting hazardous materials because there is no certain management system and act of toxic substances in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.279-285
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• 2007

Detection of Mycoplasma DNA from the 30 cases of cancer tissues and the normal tissues surrounding the cancer tissues obtained from the patients with gastric cancer and the other 30 cases of cancer tissues and the normal tissues surrounding the cancer tissues obtained from the patients with colon cancer were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). The PCR products were sequenced using an ABI 377 automatic DNA sequencer, and these sequences were confirmed by comparing sequences with the database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information BLAST network server. Mycoplasmas DNA were defected in 18 (60%) cases of normal tissues which were around gastric cancer and were 13 (43.3%) cases of gastric cancer tissues. Mycoplasmas DNA were detected in 15(50%) cases of normal tissues which were around colon cancer and 12 (40%) cases of colon cancer tissues. The M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, and M. conjunctivae were detected from the gastric cancer tissues. The M. faucium, M. subdolum,, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. bovigenitalium and M. pulmonis were detected from the normal tissues around gastric cancer. The M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. synoviae M. bovigenitalium, M. gallinarum, and M. moatsii were detected from the colon cancer. The M. faucium, M. subdolum, M. salivarium, M. auris, M. hyosynoviae, M. bovis, M. opalescens, M. bovigenitalium, M. gallinarum, and M. moatsii were detected from the normal tissues around the colon cancer. These results suggest that Mycoplasmas infection may not correlate with gastric cancer and colon cancer, because of the detection rate of Mycoplasmas DNA were not significantly differences between normal and cancer tissues from the patients.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.263-268
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• 2016

Metallothionein (MT) family of metal-binding proteins are involved in maintaining homeostasis and heavy metal poisoning. Recently, MT has been considered as a biomarker that can identify a particular species, very similar to the use of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Satsuma myomphala species of land snails have been reported from North-East Asia, including South Korea and Japan. In particular, the land snail species have been known from only a limited area of Geoje Island, Gyeongsangnam-do province of South Korea. Genetic studies of S. myomphala has been limited with only 6 nucleotide, 2 protein registered on the NCBI server. For elucidating the genetic information of S. myomphala, we conducted RNA sequencing analysis using Illumina HiSeq 2500 next-generation platform. We screened the MT gene from the RNA-Seq database to confirm the molecular phylogenetic relationship. After sequencing, the de novo analysis and clustering generated 103,774 unigenes. After annotation against PANM database using BLAST program, we obtained MT sequence of 74 amino acid residues containing the coding region of 222 bp. Based on this sequence, we found about 53 sequences using the BLAST program in NCBI nr database. Using ClustalX alignment, Maximum-Likehood Tree of MEGA program, we confirmed the molecular phylogenetic relationships that showed similarity with mollusks such as Helix pomatia and H. aspersa, Megathura crenulata.