• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.286-296
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• 2009

A major challenge in next generation optical Internet (NGOI) networks based on dense-wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is the provision of guaranteed quality-of-service (QoS) for a wide variety of multimedia applications. One of the critical issues in NGOI is the routing and wavelength assignment problem that is embossed as very important and plays a key role in improving the global efficiency for capacity utilization. But the previous researches had the delay problem, and the path routed by higher priority nodes may be congested and interfere with potential future multicast session requests. To overcome these problems, in this research we suggest a Priority-based Minimum Interference Path Multicast Routing (PMIPMR) algorithm, a new routing algorithm which finds alternative routes based on node priorities and Virtual Source (VS) nodes that has both splitting and wavelength conversion, and then chooses a path that does not interfere with potential future multicast session requests when congestions occur in the network. The PMIPMR algorithm reduces blocking rate significantly and increases the wavelength utilization by avoiding congestion in future multicast session requests.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.67-93
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• 2014

This study aims to present a direction for local libraries on how to collect folk culture content and provide services in cooperation with public libraries across the country, with a focus on public libraries, in implementing the government policy to collect, classify, store, research, and utilize folk culture content. Results of the study drawn from literature review, surveys, case-studies are as follows: First, based on the advantage of higher accessibility than other institutions in charge of folk culture content provision, libraries should take a role to collect, store, and utilize folk culture content for public purpose of improving knowledge and interests of residents and storing local history. Second, folk culture content collection, enhanced content-creating, and user-oriented services reflecting various demands should be expanded, seeking ways to improve management conditions of folk culture content based on collaboration network between libraries, along with drawing interests and support from the local government and the central government. Thirdly, libraries should provide expanded services of collection, creation, use of folk culture content with a focus on local culture through regular and systematic study and building of folk culture content.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.455-464
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• 2017

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the level of cosmetic surgery experience, perception of side effects, self-esteem, acceptance of cosmetic surgery (ACS) and to explore factors affecting ACS among undergraduate students. A convenience sample of 255 students from three universities completed a self-administered questionnaire from May, 25, 2016 to May, 31, 2016. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple linear regression. As a results, 11.5% of students had at least one cosmetic surgery and the majority of them had blepharoplasty. A total of 86.3% of students had heard of cosmetic surgery side effects and the most common source of information were TV, newspapers, magazines and internet. ACS was significantly different by gender, school year, perception of side effects, and cosmetic surgery experience. ACS and self-esteem showed a negative correlation. Previous experience of cosmetic surgery, self-esteem, school year, and gender were identified as influencing factors on ACS which explained 19.0% of total variance. In conclusion, to help college students make rational decisions on cosmetic surgery, provision of sufficient information, improvement of self-esteem, and introduction of gender and school year based intervention are recommended.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1383-1388
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• 2011

Due to many recent activities on enforcement of the intensified environmental regulation such as the policies of curbing the greenhouse gas and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), the usage of Light emitting diode (LED) has been rapidly increased and energy efficient management of LED light system is regarded as an important technology to enhance the energy efficiency. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient control scheme of LED light, being composed of multiple light sources. The proposed scheme controls the intensity of LED light source to minimize the total intensity while providing the quality of lighting service. The intensity of light is assumed to be proportional to power consumption, thus the objective is to minimize the total power consumption. A linear programming problem is formulated to find the optimal intensity of each light source and procedure to apply the proposed scheme in the real system is suggested. The performance evaluation results elucidate that the proposed scheme achieves over 20% improvement in power consumption of light intensity in comparison with the conventional dimming control scheme.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.93-122
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• 2016

The present study investigates librarians perceptions of Free Learning Semester, and their commitment to program development for coordination with Free Learning Semester, and whether they currently offer programs for Free Learning Semester. The study results are as follows. First, the results on perceptions of Free Learning semester showed that 54.20% of the librarians who participated in the study were aware of Free Learning Semester, and 80.15% had participated in training related to Free Learning Semester. Regarding the anticipated outcomes of implementation of Free Learning Semester, "Participation in various experiential activities offered through Free Learning Semester" was the most common response, and regarding special considerations in Free Learning Semester, "Need for instituting the dedicated workforce and enhancing their sense of responsibility and expertise" was the most common response. Second, regarding the library program development and provision for coordination with Free Learning Semester, 58.02% thought that the implementation of Free Learning Semester was an opportunity to expand the role of libraries, while insufficient budget was listed as a barrier. In addition, 63.36% stated that they had no experience in providing a program in a library. Finally, the results on the perception on the Free Learning Semester program they want to provide in a library showed that "Human Library" and "Read! Think! Dream!" were the programs they want to provide most, with the mean score of 3.939.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.151-178
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to discuss the developmental direction of public library specialization by investigating the library specialization and the perception and opinions on the theme specialized librarians. A total of 69 directors have responded to the survey, and the main result was that while there are difficulties in terms of manpower and budget in providing the specialization services, they have been fully aware of the need and value of the libraries' specialized services and were willing to maintain and develop the services in the future. In addition, more than half of the respondents said that the provision of specialized services and the placement of theme specialized librarians at the public libraries are essential. The qualification for the theme specialized librarians was said to be higher than a master's degree and 4 to 7 years or longer of relevant work experience and must be managed as a national qualification system. Based on these results, suggestions were made that the discussions of the specialization service comprised of the training system for specialized librarians, the establishment and operation of the theme specialized librarian qualification system, and the cooperation with the theme related organizations for the qualitative improvement of the specialization service, among others.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

Recently operating a large scale computing resource like a data center becomes easier because of the virtualization technology that virtualize servers and enable flexible resource provision. The most of public cloud services provides automatic scaling in the form of scale-in or scale-out and these scaling approaches works well to satisfy the service level agreement (SLA) of users. However, a novel scaling approach is required to operate private clouds that has smaller amount of computing resources than vast resources of public clouds. In this paper, we propose a hybrid server scaling architecture and related algorithms using both scale-in and scale-out to achieve higher resource utilization rate for private clouds. We uses dynamic resource allocation and live migration to run our proposed algorithm. Our propose system aims to provide a fine-grain resource scaling by steps. Thus private cloud systems are able to keep stable service and to reduce server management cost by optimizing server utilization. The experiment results show that our proposed approach performs better in resource utilization than the scale-out approach based on the number of users.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.185-194
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• 2018

This study investigates the limitations of blockchain technology and the ways to improve it by using Delphi technique. Limit factors and improvement measures are classified into technology, service, and legal system. First, from a technical point of view, lack of standardization of the technology, insufficiency of integration, lack of scalability, unclear cancellation or correction policy, excessive cost of transaction verification, insufficient personal information protection and not enough to respond to hacking defense were the limiting factors. In order to improve these, the followings; ensuring standardization, securing integration and scalability, establishing cancellation of each applicable data, establishment of correction policy, efficiency of verification cost, the protection of personal information and countermeasure against hacking are provided. The related technology development and countermeasures must be established to effectively introduce the blockchain technology to the market. Second, in the early stage of blockchain service, it showed lack of utilization of the blockchain, security threat, shortage of skilled workers, and lack of legal liability. As a solution to these problems, it is necessary to suggest various applications, against security threat, training professional manpower, and securing legal responsibility. It should also provide a foundation for providing institutionally stable services. Third, from as legal system point of view, inadequate legal compliance, lack of relevant regulation, and uncertainty in the regulation were the limiting factors. Therefore establishing a legal system, which is the most important area for activating the service, should be accompanied by the provision of legal countermeasures, clearness of regulations and measures to be taken by relevant governmental authorities. This study will contribute as a reference for a research, related to the blockchain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6491-6496
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• 2012

Background: The influence of parental socio-economic status on childhood cancer treatment outcome in low-income countries has not been sufficiently investigated. Our study examined this influence and explored parental experiences during cancer treatment of their children in an Indonesian academic hospital. Materials and Methods: Medical charts of 145 children diagnosed with cancer between 1999 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. From October 2011 until January 2012, 40 caretakers were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Of all patients, 48% abandoned treatment, 34% experienced death, 9% had progressive/relapsed disease, and 9% overall event-free survival. Prosperous patients had better treatment outcome than poor patients (P<0.0001). Odds-ratio for treatment abandonment was 3.3 (95%CI: 1.4-8.1, p=0.006) for poor versus prosperous patients. Parents often believed that their child's health was beyond doctor control and determined by luck, fate or God (55%). Causes of cancer were thought to be destiny (35%) or God's punishment (23%). Alternative treatment could (18%) or might (50%) cure cancer. Most parents (95%) would like more information about cancer and treatment. More contact with doctors was desired (98%). Income decreased during treatment (55%). Parents lost employment (48% fathers, 10% mothers), most of whom stated this loss was caused by their child's cancer (84% fathers, 100% mothers). Loss of income led to financial difficulties (63%) and debts (55%). Conclusions: Treatment abandonment was most important reason for treatment failure. Treatment outcome was determined by parental socio-economic status. Childhood cancer survival could improve if financial constraints and provision of information and guidance are better addressed.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.49-78
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• 2019

In the context of knowledge sharing, network position has been a controversial subject. A central position in the network provides access to non-redundant knowledge, leading to more opportunities of knowledge sharing. On the other hand, as "bridging" relationships, its characteristics as a "weak tie" suggest innate lack of trust and reciprocity which is considered an impediment to share knowledge. This paper attempts to enlighten the underlying dynamic by examining the interaction between network centrality, motivation and ability in knowledge sharing. Furthermore, this paper examines the concept of knowledge sharing ability in depth by operationalizing the construct into three aspects: extensive and diverse knowledge, social media utilization ability and self-efficacy. The results show a partially supported three-way interaction, where the highest level of knowledge provision is reported when the employee has low network centrality, high autonomous motivation and high knowledge sharing ability, i.e. extensive and diverse prior knowledge. Though all models indicate strong associations between network centrality and knowledge sharing, this suggests an even greater power of motivation and ability that gives the strength to overcome unfavorable environments of peripheral position. Therefore, this paper offers an alternative explanation to the existing debate whether network centrality positively or negatively influences knowledge sharing.