A study on the classification of research topics based on COVID-19 academic research using Topic modeling (토픽모델링을 활용한 COVID-19 학술 연구 기반 연구 주제 분류에 관한 연구)
- Yoo, So-yeon;Lim, Gyoo-gun
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- Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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- v.28 no.1
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- pp.155-174
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- 2022
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From January 2020 to October 2021, more than 500,000 academic studies related to COVID-19 (Coronavirus-2, a fatal respiratory syndrome) have been published. The rapid increase in the number of papers related to COVID-19 is putting time and technical constraints on healthcare professionals and policy makers to quickly find important research. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method of extracting useful information from text data of extensive literature using LDA and Word2vec algorithm. Papers related to keywords to be searched were extracted from papers related to COVID-19, and detailed topics were identified. The data used the CORD-19 data set on Kaggle, a free academic resource prepared by major research groups and the White House to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, updated weekly. The research methods are divided into two main categories. First, 41,062 articles were collected through data filtering and pre-processing of the abstracts of 47,110 academic papers including full text. For this purpose, the number of publications related to COVID-19 by year was analyzed through exploratory data analysis using a Python program, and the top 10 journals under active research were identified. LDA and Word2vec algorithm were used to derive research topics related to COVID-19, and after analyzing related words, similarity was measured. Second, papers containing 'vaccine' and 'treatment' were extracted from among the topics derived from all papers, and a total of 4,555 papers related to 'vaccine' and 5,971 papers related to 'treatment' were extracted. did For each collected paper, detailed topics were analyzed using LDA and Word2vec algorithms, and a clustering method through PCA dimension reduction was applied to visualize groups of papers with similar themes using the t-SNE algorithm. A noteworthy point from the results of this study is that the topics that were not derived from the topics derived for all papers being researched in relation to COVID-19 (
) were the topic modeling results for each research topic (
) was found to be derived from For example, as a result of topic modeling for papers related to 'vaccine', a new topic titled Topic 05 'neutralizing antibodies' was extracted. A neutralizing antibody is an antibody that protects cells from infection when a virus enters the body, and is said to play an important role in the production of therapeutic agents and vaccine development. In addition, as a result of extracting topics from papers related to 'treatment', a new topic called Topic 05 'cytokine' was discovered. A cytokine storm is when the immune cells of our body do not defend against attacks, but attack normal cells. Hidden topics that could not be found for the entire thesis were classified according to keywords, and topic modeling was performed to find detailed topics. In this study, we proposed a method of extracting topics from a large amount of literature using the LDA algorithm and extracting similar words using the Skip-gram method that predicts the similar words as the central word among the Word2vec models. The combination of the LDA model and the Word2vec model tried to show better performance by identifying the relationship between the document and the LDA subject and the relationship between the Word2vec document. In addition, as a clustering method through PCA dimension reduction, a method for intuitively classifying documents by using the t-SNE technique to classify documents with similar themes and forming groups into a structured organization of documents was presented. In a situation where the efforts of many researchers to overcome COVID-19 cannot keep up with the rapid publication of academic papers related to COVID-19, it will reduce the precious time and effort of healthcare professionals and policy makers, and rapidly gain new insights. We hope to help you get It is also expected to be used as basic data for researchers to explore new research directions.
Seasonal Variations of Evapotranspiration Observed in a Mixed forest in the Seolmacheon Catchment (설마천 유역의 혼효림에서 관측된 증발산의 계절변화)
- Kwon, Hyo-Jung;Lee, Jung-Hoon;Lee, Yeon-Kil;Lee, Jin-Won;Jung, Sung-Won;Kim, Joon
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- Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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- v.11 no.1
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- pp.39-47
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- 2009
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The importance of securing water resources and their efficient management has attracted more attention recently due to water deficit. In water budget analysis, however, evapotranspiration(
${\lambda}E$ ) has been approximated as the residual in the water balance equation or estimated from empirical equations and assumptions. To minimize the uncertainties in these estimates, it is necessary to directly measure${\lambda}E$ . In this study, using the eddy covariance technique, we have measured${\lambda}E$ in a mixed forest in the Seolmacheon catchment in Korea from September 2007 to December 2008. During the growing season(May-July),${\lambda}E$ in this mixed forest averaged about$2.2\;mm\;d^{-1}$ , whereas it was on average$0.5\;mm\;d^{-1}$ during the non-growing season in winter. The annual total${\lambda}E$ in 2008 was$581\;mm\;y^{-1}$ , which is about 1/3 of the annual precipitation of 1997 mm. Despite the differences in the amount and frequency of precipitation, the accumulated${\lambda}E$ during the overlapping period(i.e., September to December) for 2007 and 2008 was both${\sim}110$ mm, showing virtually no difference. The omega factor, which is a measure of decoupling between forest and the atmosphere, was on average 0.5, indicating that the contributions of equilibrium${\lambda}E$ and imposed${\lambda}E$ to the total${\lambda}E$ were about the same. The results suggest that${\lambda}E$ in this mixed forest was controlled by various factors such as net radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and canopy conductance. In this study, based on the direct measurements of${\lambda}E$ , we have quantified the relative contribution of${\lambda}E$ in the water balance of a mixed forest in the Seolmacheon catchment. In combination with runoff data, the information on${\lambda}E$ would greatly enhance the reliability of water budget analysis in this catchment.
Effect of Electric Purse Conditions on the Fusion and Development Embryos Produced by Ear Cell Nuclear Transfer in Brindle Coated Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) (칡소의 귀세포를 이용한 핵이식에서 전기융합조건이 융합 및 배발달에 미치는 영향)
- 최은주;이호준;민관식;김창근;정영채;윤종택
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- Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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- v.27 no.1
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- pp.87-93
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- 2003
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of embryo development by fusion condition on the nuclear transfer with brindle coated cow's ear cells. Ear cells were transferred into an enucleated oocyte and fused with cytoplasm in the fusion condition with 1.9kv/cm, 2.0kv/cm, 2.1kv/cm each 10 and 20ug duration Nuclear transfer embryo were activeted with a combination of 5ug/ml and 1.9mM 6-DMAP (4min, 4h). Fusion rate was 51∼68% range among fusion condition (1.9, 2.0, 2.1kv/cm; 10, 20us). But, cytoplasm lysis rate was increased by higher electric condition (0∼51.8% range). Each parameter's cleavage and blastocyst formation rate were 1.9kv/cm for 10us (75.8 and 19.5%), 20us (69.8 and 48.6%), 2.0kv/cm for 10us (76.9 and 20.0%), 20 us (68.5 and 40.9%), 2.1kv/cm for 10us (70.5 and 44.2%), 20 us (68.5 and 27.0%). We compared the effectiveness of cloning for between brindle coated cow's ear cells and Hanwoo fetal fibroblast cells. There was no significant differences in the fusion rate and developmental rate to the blastocyst stage. After transfer of blastocysts derived from nuclear transfer embryos, pregnancy rates of the Hanwoo fetal fibroblast cells and brindle coated cow's ear cells were checked pregnant on day 60 as assessed by ultrasonography, 40% (2/5) and 15.8% (3/19), respectively. This studies conclude that brindle coated cow's ear cells have the developmental potentiality to term by nuclear transfer. These results demonstrate that the increased the field strength was to be profitable for development of blastocyst or reduce of cytoplasm's damage than increasing the pulse duration.
Analysis of Automatic Rigid Image-Registration on Tomotherapy (토모테라피의 자동영상정합 분석)
- Kim, Young-Lock;Cho, Kwang Hwan;Jung, Jae-Hong;Jung, Joo-Young;Lim, Kwang Chae;Kim, Yong Ho;Moon, Seong Kwon;Bae, Sun Hyun;Min, Chul Kee;Kim, Eun Seog;Yeo, Seung-Gu;Suh, Tae Suk;Choe, Bo-Young;Min, Jung-Whan;Ahn, Jae Ouk
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- Journal of radiological science and technology
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- v.37 no.1
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- pp.37-47
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- 2014
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The purpose of this study was to analyze translational and rotational adjustments during automatic rigid image-registration by using different control parameters for a total of five groups on TomoTherapy (Accuray Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). We selected a total of 50 patients and classified them in five groups (brain, head-and-neck, lung, abdomen and pelvic) and used a total of 500 megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) image sets for the analysis. From this we calculated the overall mean value(M) for systematic and random errors after applying the different control parameters. After randomization of the patients into the five groups, we found that the overall mean value varied according to three techniques and resolutions. The deviation for the lung, abdomen and pelvic groups was approximately greater than the deviation for the brain and head-and-neck groups in all adjustments. Overall, using a "full-image" produces smaller deviations in the rotational adjustments. We found that rotational adjustment has deviations with distinctly different control parameters. We concluded that using a combination of the "full-image" technique and "standard" resolution will be helpful in assisting with patients' repositioning and in correcting for set-up errors prior to radiotherapy on TomoTherapy.
Enhancement of Antioxidant Activities of Codonopsis lanceolata and Fermented Codonopsis lanceolata by Ultra High Pressure Extraction (초고압 추출 처리에 의한 더덕 및 발효더덕의 항산화 증진)
- Park, Sung-Jin;Park, Dong-Sik;Lee, Su-Bock;He, Xin-Long;Ahn, Ju-Hee;Yoon, Won-Byung;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
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- Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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- v.39 no.12
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- pp.1898-1902
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- 2010
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This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity of low-quality Codonopsis lanceolata treated by fermentation process followed by hydraulic high pressure extraction. C. lanceolata was subjected to 5,000 bar for 30 min at
$25^{\circ}C$ . The highest phenolics content was observed in the combined treatment of fermentation and high pressure extraction (35.11 mg/100 g), followed by high pressure extraction alone (14.78 mg/100 g) and conventional extraction (14.56 mg/100 g). The content of flavonoids followed the similar pattern as that of total phenolics, showing 280.86 mg/100 g of C. lanceolata treated by the combined fermentation with high pressure extraction whereas 193.05 mg/100 g of C. lanceolata treated by the conventional extraction. The DPPH scavenging activity was 69.32% at 0.6 mg/mL of C. lanceolata treated by the combined process, while the DPPH scavenging activities of C. lanceolata treated by high pressure extraction alone and the conventional extraction were 60.35% and 30.92%, respectively. The highest reducing power of C. lanceolata extract (1.0 mg/mL) was observed at the combined treatment (0.926), followed by high pressure extraction alone (0.881) and the conventional extraction (0.733). The combination of fermentation with high pressure extraction significantly increased the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. Therefore, the combined application of fermentation and high pressure extraction can be an alternative technique for the extraction of C. lanceolata. These results provide useful information for enhancing biological properties of low-quality C. lanceolata.
Changes in Antigenicity of Gliadin from Medium Flour by Autoclave and Microwave Treatments (가압가열 및 Microwave 처리에 의한 중력분 Gliadin의 항원성 변화)
- Kwak, Ji-Hee;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Lee, Chung-Jo;Kim, Min-Ji;Kim, Dong-Hyun;SunWoo, Chan;Jung, Seul-A;Kang, Ju-Youn;Kim, Hyun-Jee;Choi, Jung-Su;Kim, Seong-Won;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
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- Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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- v.40 no.10
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- pp.1423-1429
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- 2011
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical treatments on the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat flour. The wheat flour was treated with an autoclave (5, 10, 30, 50 min), a microwave (1, 5, 10 min), and both (10, 30, 50 min/ 5, 10 min), and investigated by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and Ci-ELISA using anti-gliadin IgG. The results showed that the binding ability of anti-gliadin IgG to gliadin in wheat flour was slightly decreased when autoclaved or when autoclaved and microwaved. Especially, it was reduced to about 69% after autoclaving for 50 min and 73% after autoclaving for 50 min and microwaving for 5 min. In addition, gliadin bands in the 50 min autoclaved group disappeared in both SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. On the other hand, the antigenicity of gliadin was unaffected by microwaving alone. Consequently, there were no considerable changes in using an autoclave alone or in combination with a microwave. These results suggest that autoclaving may affect the reduction of the antigenicity of gliadin in medium wheat flour.
Expectations of the First Visit to Orofacial Pain Clinic for the Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders (구강안면통증클리닉에 처음 내원한 턱관절장애 환자들의 내원 목표)
- Won, Sang-Yeon;Kim, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Mee-Eun
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- Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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- v.35 no.4
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- pp.265-273
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- 2010
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Understanding patients' expectation for health visits and providing appropriate care may increase patients' satisfaction with health care, leading to more positive treatment outcome. The study aimed to investigate expectations of the patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) at their first visit to university-based orofacial pain clinic and to evaluate any relation with duration of pain, presence of previous treatment, pain severity and pain interference. Inclusion criterion was patients aged over and 18 years old and diagnosed as TMD during 3 months' period from Aug to Nov 2010. They were asked to complete the questionnaires for patients' expectation and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at waiting room prior to consultation. 322 TMD patients participated in the study(M:F=1:1.5, mean age=36 years old). The study indicated that the most important top 3 expectations were 'cure of pain', 'understanding their problem' and 'doctor-patient communication' in order. This finding was not affected by gender, duration and previous treatment history but affected by sub-category of TMD and BPI pain severity and pain interference. 'Pain relief' and 'understanding their problems' were relatively highlighted in the patients with muscle disorders and combination (joint-muscle) disorders of TMD than those with joint disorders who wanted communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000). While expectation for pain relief was expected more with increase of pain severity and interference, patients with mild level of pain severity and interference expected communication and further investigation relatively more (p=0.000, 0.017, respectively). Based on the results of the study, though pain relief was the primary concern for TMD patients suffering from pain, their satisfaction with care may be increased by explanation for etiology and mechanism of TMD to make them understand their problems better and doctor-patient communication and collaborative decision-making for treatment. Importance of patient-centered consultations and availability of written material or web sites for patient information should be stressed out.
Prediction of Nitrate Contamination of Groundwater in the Northern Nonsan area Using Multiple Regression Analysis (다중 회귀 분석을 이용한 논산 북부 지역 지하수의 질산성 질소 오염 예측)
- Kim, Eun-Young;Koh, Dong-Chan;Ko, Kyung-Seok;Yeo, In-Wook
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- Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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- v.13 no.5
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- pp.57-73
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- 2008
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Nitrate concentrations were measured up to 49 mg/L (as
$NO_3$ -N) and 22% of the samples exceeded drinking water standard in shallow and bedrock groundwater of the northern Nonsan area. Nitrate concentrations showed a significant difference among land use groups. To predict nitrate concentration in groundwater, multiple regression analysis was carried out using hydrogeologic parameters of soil media, topography and land use which were categorized as several groups, well depth and altitude, and field parameters of temperature, pH, DO and EC. Hydrogeologic parameters were quantified as area proportions of each category within circular buffers centering at wells. Regression was performed to all the combination of variables and the most relevant model was selected based on adjusted coefficient of determination (Adj.$R^2$ ). Regression using hydrogelogic parameters with varying buffer radii show highest Adj.$R^2$ at 50m and 300m for shallow and bedrock groundwater, respectively. Shallow groundwater has higher Adj.$R^2$ than bedrock groundwater indicating higher susceptibility to hydrogeologic properties of surface environment near the well. Land use and soil media was major explanatory variables for shallow and bedrock groundwater, respectively and residential area was a major variable in both shallow and bedrock groundwater. Regression involving hydrogeologic parameters and field parameters showed that EC, paddy and pH were major variables in shallow groundwater whereas DO, EC and natural area were in bedrock groundwater. Field parameters have much higher explanatory power over the hydrogeologic parameters suggesting field parameters which are routinely measured can provide important information on each well in assessment of nitrate contamination. The most relevant buffer radii can be applied to estimation of travel time of contaminants in surface environment to wells.
Costume Consumption Culture for Costumeplay (코스튬플레이 의상 소비문화)
- Jang, Nam-Kyung;Park, Soo-Kyung;Lee, Joo-Young
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- Archives of design research
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- v.19 no.5 s.67
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- pp.203-212
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- 2006
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With interests and participation in the costumeplay that mimics characters appeared on carton or animation in recent days, the costumeplay becomes one of cultural phenomena. Using a qualitative research method, this study identified costumeplayers' costume consumption pattern and explored its meanings from the perspective of consumption culture. Indeed, this study intended to help for understanding costumeplayer group as a consumer, and to provide basic knowledge about new market analysis related to fashion design and marketing. The results from the analyzing participant observation and in-depth interviews data are as follows: first, costumeplayers usually begin costumeplay by friends' invitations or by themselves and then continue on participating. Through the costumeplay, participants have benefits such as fun, departure from the daily life, and social interaction. Second, participants acquire costumes through purchase, rent, producing or combination of daily wear, but both purchase and rent account high. Third, the meanings of consumption culture in costumeplay include consumption behavior repeating possession and disposal. Also, costumeplayers concerns efficiency when purchasing or renting the costumes, and internet is a place where information search, comparison, and actual purchasing are occurred. Based on the results, fashion design and marketing implication, limitation of this study and further research ideas were suggested.
Specifying the Characteristics of Tangible User Interface: centered on the Science Museum Installation (실물형 인터렉션 디자인 특성 분석: 과학관 체험 전시물을 대상으로)
- Cho, Myung Eun;Oh, Myung Won;Kim, Mi Jeong
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- Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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- v.15 no.4
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- pp.553-564
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- 2012
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Tangible user interfaces have been developed in the area of Human-Computer Interaction for the last decades, however, the applied domains recently have been extended into the product design and interactive art. Tangible User Interfaces are the combination of digital information and physical objects or environments, thus they provide tangible and intuitive interaction as input and output devices, often combined with Augmented Reality. The research developed a design guideline for tangible user interfaces based on key properties of tangible user interfaces defined previously in five representative research: Tangible Interaction, Intuitiveness and Convenience, Expressive Representation, Context-aware and Spatial Interaction, and Social Interaction. Using the guideline emphasizing user interaction, this research evaluated installation in a science museum in terms of the applied characteristics of tangible user interfaces. The selected 15 installations which were evaluated are to educate visitors for science by emphasizing manipulation and experience of interfaces in those installations. According to the input devices, they are categorized into four Types. TUI properties in Type 3 installation, which uses body motions for interaction, shows the highest score, where items for context-aware and spatial interaction were highly rated. The context-aware and spatial interaction have been recently emphasized as extended properties of tangible user interfaces. The major type of installation in the science museum is equipped with buttons and joysticks for physical manipulation, thus multimodal interfaces utilizing visual, aural, tactile senses etc need to be developed to provide more innovative interaction. Further, more installation need to be reconfigurable for embodied interaction between users and the interactive space. The proposed design guideline can specify the characteristics of tangible user interfaces, thus this research can be a basis for the development and application of installation involving more TUI properties in future.
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