• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.264-277
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• 1994

In Korea the concept of social support was first used as a research concept in nursing and has not had much application in the clinical field. Another problem is that research on social support has used a direct translation of the words “social support” into Korean as “sawhejuk jiji”. Three questions were posed to direct the re-search. 1) Is there a concept of social support in Korean society? 2) if so, what words or expressions are used to de-scribe it? 3) further, if so, how is social support structured and how does it function? In order to answer the research questions a three-step research methodology was used : The first step consisted of a literature review on re-search related to social support and on information on the background of, and the way of thinking re-lated to interpersonal relations among Korean people. The second step, which was done to identify whether there is a concept of social support in korean society, involved interviewing a sample of the population. The third step involved a panel discussion that included the members of the research team and three consultants, a sociologist, a philosopher and a scholor in korean literature. A review of the literature on interpersonal relationships in traditional korean society identified a four cirole structure that explains interpersonal relationships. The first circle with “me” at the center is the family but here “me” disappears into the “we” that is essential for a cooperative agricultural society. In the second circle are those close to “me” but outside the family. The third circle includes those with whom “I ” have infrequent but regular contact and with whom correct conduct is important. The last circle is all the people with whom “I” have nothing in common. They are excluded in interpersonal relationships. The literature on interpersonal relationships showed that within the traditional Korean society people lived in villages where most people were very familiar with each other. “Yun”, the social network established the connection and “Jung”, the feeling of affection increased with time as the connection was strengthened. In the traditional village psychological support was provided through “Mallaniki”, “Pumashi” and “Kae” with the latter two also providing material support. In modern Korea there are more informal and formal social networks, like social services and community activities on the formal level and cultural and leisure groups along with “kae’s on the informal level. But even with this modern variety of groups, most social support comes from informal networks that resemble the traditiorlal “Pumashi”, “Kai” md “Mallaniki”. The six member research team interviewed 65 people in order to identify whether there is a concept of social support and then analysed their responses. There were 20 different words describing the reception of the social support and these could be grouped into seven major categories : virtuous, fortunate, helped, supported, blessed, attached(receiving affection) and receiving (grace) benevolence. there were 27 words describing the act of social support which could be categorized into seven major categories : love, looking after, affection(attachment), kindness(goodness), faith, psychological help and material help. for the meaning of social support translated as “sawhe juk jiji” there were a total of 14 different answers which could be categorized into 3 major categories : help, agreement, and faith. In third step, the results of the literature review and the answers to the questions were discussed in a pannel. The results of the discussion led to the following definition of social support in Korea which is shaped like a the four sided pyramid on a base. Social support is the apex of the pyramid and four sides are made up of : “do-oom” (both emotional and material help), “jung” (connectedness, or relationship bound by affection, regard or shared common experience ), “midum” (faith or belief in), “eunhae” (kindness or benevolence). The research team identified “Yun”( the basic network of relationships) as the base of the pyramid and as such the foundation for the components of social support in Korean culture. On “Yun” rest the other four components of social support : “Jung”, “Midum”, “Do-oom”, and “Eunhae”, For social support to take place there must be “Yun”. This is an important factor in social support. In private social network “Jung” is an essential factor in social support. But not in the public social network. “Yun” is a condition for “Jung” and “Jung” is the manifestation of support.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.354-357
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• 2004

According to the computerization of railway signaling systems, the interface link between the signaling systems has been replaced by the digital communication channel. At the same time, the importance of the communication link is more pronounced than in the past. In this paper, new network-based protocol for Korean railway signaling has designed between CTC and SCADA system, and the overview of designed protocol is briefly represented. Using the informal method for specifying the communication protocol, a little ambiguity may be contained in the protocol. To clear the ambiguity contained in the designed protocol, we use LTS model to design the protocol for this interface link between CTC and SCADA, the LTS is an intermediate model for encoding the operational behavior of processes. And then, we verify automatically and formally the safety and the liveness properties through the model checking method. Especially, the modal ${\mu}$-calculus, which is a highly expressive method of temporal logic that has been applied to the model checking method. It will be expected to increase the safety, reliability and efficiency of maintenance of the signaling systems by using the designed protocol for railway signaling in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.49
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• pp.7-33
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• 2002

This study analyse interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations using data on the 31 organizations in Chanju area. Interorganizational networks are operationalized in two ways: conference network and referral network. First, this study attempt to examine the characteristics of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Using block model, I can capture some of the structural features of interorganizational networks. Major findings of block modeling are as follows: (1) Public organizations are more inactive to make a connect with other organizations. (2) Most of organizations incline to make a connect with same kind organizations. Namely, employment service organizations incline to flock together, and social welfare organizations are also much the same. Second, this study attempt to examine the determinants of interorganizational networks of the self-supporting service organizations. Relations between pairs of organizations are modeled as a function of dyadic level covariates in accordance with resource dependence, transaction cost, and organizational domain theory. Measure of informal ties between organizations are also included as covariates. Applying logit and tobit regression methods, this study reveals that most variables have effects on the dyadic relations of organizations. Through this empirical analysis, I can suggest policy implications for the self-supporting programs in Korea.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.189-192
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• 2021

The article theoretically substantiated, developed and practically implemented a structural and functional model of the formation of ICT competence, taking into account interdisciplinary integration, defines the pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of ICT competence: interdisciplinary integration as a basis for building an interdisciplinary course, the content of which is aimed at the formation of ICT competence; the use of IEE, including information, didactic, technological components as a basis for the formation of ICT competence; integration of formal, non-formal and informal education for the implementation the integrity of the acquired knowledge, skills, experience as the basis for the formation of the ICT competence of teachers; creation and use of a set of tasks (educational (UZ), educational and methodological (UMP), educational and professional (UPZ)) as special tools for the formation of ICT competence.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

The authors provide characteristics of the open educational platforms, classification and quantitative analysis regarding the availability of IT courses, teaching language, thematic directions on the following platforms: Coursera, EdX, Udemy, MIT Open Course Ware, OpenLearn, Intuit, Prometheus, UoPeople, Open Learning Initiative, Open University of Maidan (OUM). The quantitative analysis results are structured and visualized by tables and diagrams. The authors propose to use open educational resources (teaching, learning or research materials that are in the public domain or released with an intellectual property license that allows free use, adaptation, and distribution) for organization of independent work; for organization of distance or correspondence training; for professional development of teachers; for possibility and expediency of author's methods dissemination in the development of their own courses and promoting them on open platforms. Post-project activities are considered in comparing the courses content of one thematic direction, as well as studying the experience of their attending on different platforms.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2013

현대 사회에서 SNS는 개인의 의견을 표출하는 수단으로 널리 활용되고 있다. 스마트기기의 보급은 SNS를 새로운 교육 환경으로 만들어주고 있고, 학습자는 SNS의 특성을 활용하여 여러 가지 생산적인 활동을 할 수 있다. SNS의 특성은 무형식 학습에 적합하지만 정규 교육에서도 학습자에 맞게 학습 형태를 구성한다면 학습에 유용하게 활용할 수 있다. 본 연구는 학습자의 지적수준과 SNS 활용 능력에 따라 정규 교육에서 SNS를 활용하는 교육 모델을 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2004.07a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2004

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.98-110
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• 2016

Building resilient community is often a complicated process to be gained by interorganizational collaboration. Since patterns of interorganizational relations among governments and sectors are constantly changing due to internal and external factors in the field of emergency management, understanding the dynamic nature of interorganizational collaboration is a critical step for improving a community’s ability to bounce back from a catastrophic event. From two theoretical perspectives, this research aims to examine the essential role of working across levels of governments and sectors in building resilient community by focusing on sources of community resiliency and a strong commitment. The empirical evidence highlights the importance of studying resilience as a way to understand the motivation and incentive for organizations to work jointly during emergency response. The study of organizational resilience also draws attention for the importance of various forms of interorganizational collaboration such as formal and informal relations. It also highlights how local organizations can utilize their relations to seek resources without necessarily jeopardizing their ability to perform their core organizational functions.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.391-404
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• 2005

This paper attempts to show the status and network characteristic of regional innovation support agencies(company support agencies and R&D institutes, RISA) which play an important role in the regional system of innovation in Daegu City, using questionnaire data. Most of these agencies were established in 1990s and tend to locate in Buk-Gu and Dalsu-Gu, being major local universities which retain a large number of R&D and industry support agencies. The business areas of the agencies are largely associated with business training and applied research. Their major role is to provide the information that local firms need to acquire. It shows that they have relationships with 1 to 5 agencies, primarily in the form of informal network, for the purpose of sharing information and knowledge about science/technology and market trend. There are not many spin-offs from RISA. But most of spin-offs from RISA are located in Daegu City and maintain cooperative relationships with their parent organization primarily in the form of formal network. The main purpose of cooperative relationships with RISA is to interchange knowledges about technology.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.243-268
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• 2008

This study considers the availability, accessibility, and efficacy of social services for migrant workers. First, it examines migrant workers needs and how they choose to fulfill these. Second, this study grasps about how they can connect the social services and what constructive peculiarities social networks they have by using SNA(Social Network Analysis) it is revealed that migrant workers rely more on informal support groups such as family, friends, co-workers, etc. rather than formal support networks, e.g. those provided by the state. This tendency is demonstrated especially, Libraries as formal supporting organization have no connection related with other organizations. It shows that they have role limited as a supporter of giving information and knowledge in a public.