• 한국패류학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

A series of radiotracer experiments were employed to quantitatively compare the biokinetics of uptake from the dissolved phase (influx rates), uptake from the various types of food source (assimilation efficiency), and loss (efflux) of Ag between Potamocorbula amurensis and Macoma balthica. Simultaneously, influx rates of dissolved Cd in both clams were determined to compare with those of Ag. Effects of salinity on influx rates were evaluated in these 2 euryhaline species, as were effects of clam size. Influx rate of Ag and Cd (${\mu}g g^{-1}$ [dry wt.] $d^{-1}$) increased linearly with metal concentrations. Influx rates of Ag in both clams were 3 to 4 times those of Cd. Absolute influx rates of the 2 metals were 4 to 5 times greater in P. amurensis than M. balthica, probably because of differences in biological attributes (i.e. clearance rate or gill surface area). As salinity was reduced from 20 to 2.5 psu, the influx rate of Cd in P. amurensis increased 4-fold and that of Ag increased 6-fold, consistent with expected changes in speciation. Weight-specific metal influx rates (${\mu}g g^{-1}$ [dry wt.] $d^{-1}$) were negatively correlated with the tissue dry weight of the clams, but most rate constants determining physiological turnover of assimilated metals were not affected by clam size.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.353-359
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• 2009

서울지하철 5호선을 통과하고 있는 한강 및 중소 7개 하천 7.937 km구간의 터널 내부로 유입되는 지하수 유입량은 평균 $34,444\;m^3/day$로 터널 전구간 31.29 km로 유입되는 지하수량 $62,272\;m^3/day$의 55.3%를 차지하고 있으므로 하천구간에서 지하수 유입을 억제한다면 유지관리 비용을 크게 절감할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 하천구간으로 유입되는 지하수의 양을 설계기준과 비교한 결과 유입량이 $3.01\;m^3/min/km$로서 터널 설계기준 $3.0\;m^3/min/km$과 비슷한 수준으로 유입되고 있었으나, 터널평균 유입량 $1.38\;m^3/min/km$와 비교했을 때 하천구간에서는 2.18배의 지하수가 더 유입되고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.355-363
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• 1995

Calcium수송에 대한 기전을 추구하기위하여, carbachol을 사용하여 ml muscarinic receptor-transfected RBL-2H3 cell-line에서 다음과 같은 실험결과를 얻었기에 이에 보고한다. 1) Carbachol의 투여로 이들 cell-line에서 $Ca^{2+}$ influx가 농도에 따라 증가하였고, hexosaminidase 분비양도 의의있게 증가하였다. 2) Atropine 투여로 Carbachol의 상승작용이 의의있게 억제되었다. 3) 수종의 금속양이온을 투여하여 carbachol의 $Ca^{2+}$수송에 대한 영향을 관찰한 바, 이들 금속이온들은 $Ca^{2+}$의 influx를 의의있게 억제하였다. 4) PMA(20 nM) 투여로 carbachol의 hexosaminidase의 분비는 억제되지 못했지만 $Ca^{2+}$ influx는 억제되었다. 5) PTx $(0.2\;{\mu}g/ml)$ 투여로 carbachol의 hexosaminidase 분비가 의의있게 억제되었다. 위의 결과로 미루어 보아, 이 세포의 muscarinic receptor가 calcium channel을 통한 calcium수송에 매우 중요한 영향을 나타내는데, 이들 calcium ion channel은 적어도 두 종류가 존재하며, 하나는G-protein-dependent calcium channel에 의하며, 다른 하나는 G-protein-independent calcium channel에 대한 작용에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 또한 이 calcium channel들은 2가 또는 3가의 다른 금속 ion들에 의하여 calcium수송이 억제된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.526-530
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• 1994

본 연구는 자연조건에서 생육된 벼를 수정 후 13일에서 15일에 일정한 환경조건으로 옮긴 다음 공기유입속도의 변화(200-280-360-440 ml/min.)에 따른 벼의 광합성 반응을 알아보기 위하여 진행되었다. 공기유입속도의 변화에 따른 경시적인 광합성반응에서, 기공전도율은 처리 후 초기에 급속히 감소한 다음 일정시간동안 동요되다가 약 1시간에서 1시간30분후에 평형상태에 도달되었다. 이와 유사한 변화는 탄소동화율에서도 찾아 볼 수 있었다. 기공전도율은 공기유입속도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였는데, 그 감소율은 탄소동화율에서 나타나는 감소율과 일치되는 경향이었다. 공기의 흐름을 분당 440 ml로 하여 전분이 축적되는 기간동안 처리하였을 경우, 전분덩어리들 간의 결합구조가 느슨하며 전분덩어리를 횡단하였을 경우에는 미세한 구멍이 발생됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이상에서 알 수 있는 것은 공기유입속도의 증가에 따른 기공전도율과 탄소동화율은 상호간 관계가 밀접함을 알 수 있으며 공기유입속토의 증가는 광합성과정에서 $CO_2$흡수 및 광합성의 최종산물인 전분구조에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.3096-3106
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• 1973

As a link in the chain of antidrought measure, our attempt is made to obtain basic informations on the construction of an infiltration gallary which can be supplied with irrigation water by catching of underground water in small river beds, which is economical, permanent and efficient. The experiment was made, concerning the structure of catchment conduits, by constructing a model sand tank $1.5m{\times}5m{\times}1.5m$ in dimension made of reinforced concrete. Various kinds of measuring equipment were attached to the model tank which contains a set of catchment conduits, each of them was made 30cm in diameter and 60cm in length with the ratio of sectional area to total area of influx holes 10:1, 20:1, 30:1. The average size of influx holes was fixed from 0mm to 10mm, 20mm and 30mm in diameter respectively. Obtained results are as follow; (a) In view of the water catchment capacity, manufacturing cost and the antipressure strength of the catchment conduits, it is the best method to decide the total number of influx holes 20 per sq. meter of each tile surface, and the size of influx holes 20mm in diameter, when the conduits have diameter less than 1m. (b) The greatest factor of safety against external load is to arrange the influx holes in a zigzag manner on the tile surface. The most effective formula of arrangement is $S{\geqq}\sqrt{2gd}$ where: s : spacing of opening row. g : spacing of opening line. d : diameter of influs hole.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.64-69
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• 2003

To analyze vasopressin-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase in liver cells, rat hepatocytes were isolated and attached to collagen-coated cover slips. Using fura-2, a $Ca^{2+}$-sensing dye, changes in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration by vasopressin were monitored. Results in this communication suggested that vasopressin-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase were composed of both $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal $Ca^{2+}$ stores and influx from the plasma membrane. The $Ca^{2+}$ influx consisted of two distinguishable components. One was dependent on the presence of vasopressin and the other was not. SK＆F96365 blocked vasopressin-induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx in a dose-dependent manner. Vasopressin-induced $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores diminished in a primary culture of hepatocytes according to the culture time. However, changes in vasopressin-induced $Ca^{2+}$ influx across the plasma membrane differed from changes in the $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal stores, suggesting two separate signalings from receptor activation to internal stores and to the plasma membrane.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2011

Research on the influence of foreign culture influx on fashion has a significant meaning as a reference for predicting future fashion trends affected by globalization. Therefore, this study examined the transformations in Turkish costume in the 13th to 18th century when Turkey was most thriving in history. As the Ottoman Turk Empire expanded its territory, its costume changed by embracing both western and Islamic cultures and presented exotic styles in terms of fabric, pattern, color, design and details.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.271.2-271.2
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• 2002

To analyze vasopressin-induced Ca$\sub$2＋/ influx in liver cells, rat hepatocytes were isolated and attached to collagen-coated cover slips. Using fura-2, a Ca$\sub$2＋/-sensing dye, changes in intracellular Ca$\sub$2＋/ concentration by vasopressin were monitored. Results in this communication suggested that vasopressin-induced Ca$\sub$2＋/ influx consists of two distinguishable components. One was present for a short time and the other was for a long time until it happened. (omitted)

• 농촌계획
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2008

Settlement problems in rural area are gradually becoming more intense due to decreasing agricultural income led by market globalization. Rural tourism is considered as one of alternatives for complementing agricultural income. In this study, we analyzed the relation of rural development project and the influx of population on green tourism villages. Results show that the influx of population in rural area is related with project cost, tourism income, visiting numbers, and ratio of labor population. With these results, we modified rural population model for estimating future rural population. Adapted result to Buraemi village by modified model showed that estimation error can be decreased from 7.23% to 0.95%.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2003

$Ca^{2+}$ influx appears to be important for triggering myoblast fusion. It remains, however, unclear how $Ca^{2+}$ influx rises prior to myoblast fusion. Recently, several studies suggested that NMDA receptors may be involved in $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization of muscle, and that $Ca^{2+}$ influx is mediated by NMDA receptors in C2C12 myoblasts. Here, we report that other types of ionotropic glutamate receptors, non-NMDA receptors (AMPA and KA receptors), are also involved in $Ca^{2+}$ influx in myoblasts. To explore which subtypes of non-NMDA receptors are expressed in C2C12 myogenic cells, RT-PCR was performed, and the results revealed that KA receptor subunits were expressed in both myoblasts and myotubes. However, AMPA receptor was not detected in myoblasts but expressed in myotubes. Using a $Ca^{2+}$ imaging system, $Ca^{2+}$ influx mediated by these receptors was directly measured in a single myoblast cell. Intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ level was increased by KA, but not by AMPA. These results were consistent with RT-PCR data. In addition, KA-induced intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase was completely suppressed by treatment of nifedifine, a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker. Furthermore, KA stimulated myoblast fusion in a dose-dependent manner. CNQX inhibited not only KA-induced myoblast fusion but also spontaneous myoblast fusion. Therefore, these results suggest that KA receptors are involved in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ increase in myoblasts and then may play an important role in myoblast fusion.