• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21.1-21.6
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• 2021

In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of previously unreported Y280-lineage H9N2 viruses from two live bird markets in Korea in June 2020. Genetic analysis revealed that they were distinct from previous H9N2 viruses circulating in Korea and had highest homology to A/chicken/Shandong/1844/2019(H9N2) viruses. Their genetic constellation showed they belonged to genotype S, which is the predominant genotype in China since 2010, where genotype S viruses have infected humans and acted as internal gene donors to H5 and H7 zoonotic influenza viruses. Active surveillance and control measures need to be enhanced to protect the poultry industry and public health.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-274
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• 2008

Anti-microbiological effects of xanthorrhizol, ie., extract from curcuma xanthorrhiza and extract from houttuynia cordata Thunb. against influenza virus and E. coli O157 were tested. From the influenza experiments, the effects were shown above 93 % in case of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract, however, the effects was not shown in case of xanthorrhizol. The effects were sustained in mixtures of houttuynia cordata Thunb. and curcuma xanthorrhiza extracts. We also tested the anti-microbiological effects of hand sanitizer containing houttuynia cordata Thunb. and xanthorrhizol. The effect of hand sanitizer containing 2,000 ppm of xanthorrhizol and 500 ppm of houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract was better than that of commercialized foreign product.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2022

Under General anesthesia with isoflurane, we insert a chicken's esophageal catheter into the near the left atrium. 1MHz radio wave was added to electrocardiogram electrodes of the esophagus, and the change of impedance (phase) was obtained by amplitude synchronous detection technique. At the same time, a thin tube is surgically inserted into the axillary artery to continuously measure blood pressure. The correlation between impedance (phase) and blood pressure was obtained. Both showed a very high correlation (R²=0.9665). It was also observed the waveform flowing from the left atrium into the left ventricle. When an individual infected with the avian influenza virus develops, the cytokine storms lead to hypotension earlier than the test for antigen-antibody reaction. In order to detect this, in the future, this impedance technique will be useful for screening individuals infected with avian influenza virus by measuring the blood pressure of chickens in cages in a non-contact manner using microwaves.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2005

Purpose : During epidemics, influenza induces a high mortality and morbidity, and when influenza is prevalent, it is revealed by increased pneumonia, hospitalization due to influenza-like illness, and mortality in community. We aimed at the isolation of influenza virus and prevalence period in Busan from 2000 to 2002. Methods : For 3 years from 2000 to 2002, we analyzed the patterns of influenza virus, the occurrence distribution of influenza by age and sex and the prevalence period after cultivating the examined materials from throat smears and snivel, collected from patients in St. Benedict Hospital Pediatrics Department, from 10 monitoring hospitals, and from 16 public health centers. Results : For three years, a total of 209 strains of influenza virus were isolated. In 2000, there were A/sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like and B/Harbin/07/94-like. In 2001, there were A/Panama/2007/99(H3N2)-like and A/Newcaledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like. In 2002, there were A/Panama/2007/99(H3N2)-like, A/Newcaledonia/20/99(H1N1)-like, B/Beijing/243/97, B/Honkong/22/2001 and B/Sichuam/379/99. The occurrence distribution by sexes were 14 males and 25 females in 2000, 23 males and 33 females in 2001, 57 males and 57 females in 2002. As for the occurrence distribution by ages, 0-10 years made up 48.4 percent in 2000, 11-20 years 33.93 percent in 2001, and below 10 years was 64.91 percent in 2002. As for the occurrence distribution by month, the rate was once high in January and somewhat high in April and by June, when there happened to be various viruses, though there was a low rate in 2000. On the other hand, the virus was concentrated in February and March in 2001. And in 2002, it happened high twice, in March and November. Conclusion : Influenza virus revealed frequent antigenic changes and infect children, especially those below 10 years of age from late fall to early spring. So we should consider appropriate prevention in children.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.340-344
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• 2007

Avian influenza viruses cause a considerable threat to humans and animals. In this study, we investigated whether alkaline disinfectant solution can inactivate H5N1, H3N2, H6N1, and H9N2 subtypes of avian influenza virus. When H5N1, H3N2, H6N1, and H9N2 avian influenza viruses were treated with alkaline solution diluted with PBS (pH 7.2) prior to infection into MDCK cells, alkaline disinfectant solution (at dilutions up to $10^{-2}$) completely inactivated all avian influenza subtypes tested. To confirm the inactivation of avian influenza viruses by alkaline disinfectant solution, we used an immunofluorescence assay with influenza A anti-nucleoprotein antibody and FITC-labeled secondary antibody to stain MDCK cells infected with avian H9N2 influenza viruses. No staining was observed in MDCK rells infected with H9N2 viruses that were pre-treated with a $10^{-2}$ dilution of alkaline disinfectant solution, while strong staining was observed in MDCK cells infected with H9N2 viruses without pre-treatment. Our results indicate that alkaline solution could help to control avian influenza viruses including the highly pathogenic H5N1 subtype.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2010

Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus is a common pathogen of febrile respiratory infection recently. Here, we report the case of a 63-year-old male patient who presented with 3 days' ongoing cough and fever. He was diagnosed with novel influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia by real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (rRT-PCR). During treatment for novel influenza A (H1N1), his symptoms and radiologic findings improved initially, but multiple lung nodules developed subsequently and found on chest x-ray (on the 5th hospital day). Mycobacterium abscessus was isolated repeatedly from sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease in a patient with H1N1 influenza pneumonia.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.842-847
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• 2008

국내에서 개 인플루엔자는 2007년에 공식보고가 되기 시작한 Canine influenza virus, H3N2가 원인인 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 최근에 발생한 개 인플루엔자 발생 예를 소개하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the similarity between hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), the HI titer and mean ratio S/P ratio) of avian influenza virus. To perform this study, the 1,457 sera of layers 21 farms in May, July and September, respectively. As a result of HI test, positive rates were 480 to 422 (92.1%) in May, 494 to 394(79.8%) in July and 483 to 402(83.2%) in September, and the mean antibody titer were 4.6, 4.3, 4.0 to 0.3 decreased, respectively. The positive rates by ELISA, 480 to 475(99.0%) in May, 494 to 485(98.2%) in July, 483 to 472(97.7%) in September, and the mean S/P ratio were 2.319, 2.557 and 2.380, respectively. The result of HI test and ELISA positive 480 to 422(92.1%), 475(99.0%), 494 to 394(79.8%), 485(98.2%) and 483 to 402(83.2%), 472(97.7%). Therefore, ELISA was shown more sensitive compare the HI titers.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.77-89
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• 2023

This study aimed to find out the effect of vitamins on respiratory-related viral infections, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), through the literature reviews. From January 2000 to June 2021, the studies (cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, randomized control trials) related to vitamins (vitamin A, D, E, C, B₆, folate, and B₁₂) and COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East respiratory syndrome/cold/influenza were selected from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries and analyzed. The relationship between vitamins and virus-related respiratory diseases was identified. Through the review, 39 studies were selected on vitamin D, one study on vitamin E, 11 studies on vitamin C, and 3 studies on folate. Regarding COVID-19, 18 studies on vitamin D, 4 studies on vitamin C, and 2 studies on folate showed significant effects of the intake of these nutrients in preventing COVID-19. Regarding colds and influenza, 3 studies on vitamin D, 1 study on vitamin E, 3 studies on vitamin C, and 1 study on folate demonstrated that the intake of these nutrients significantly prevents these diseases. Therefore, this review suggested the intake of vitamins D, E, C, and folate is important for preventing respiratory diseases related to viruses, such as COVID-19, colds, and influenza. The relationship between these nutrients and virus-related respiratory diseases should be continuously monitored in the future.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.13.1-13.6
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• 2024

Avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) present significant threats to both animal and human health through their potential for cross-species transmission and global spread. Clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx highly pathogenic avian IAVs initially emerged in East Asia between 2013 and 2014. Since then, they have spread to Europe, Africa, and America via migratory bird flyways. However, beyond viral transmission primarily facilitated by migratory birds, the potential involvement of other intermediate factors for virus transmission remains poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the role of wild rodents as intermediary hosts in the ecology of avian IAVs in Gyeonggi province, South Korea. By capturing and analyzing 189 wild rodents near poultry farms and migratory bird habitats in 2013 and 2014 and employing serological assays and virus isolation techniques, we found no evidence of IAV infection among these populations. Our results suggest that wild rodents may not significantly contribute to the transmission dynamics of IAVs within these regions.