• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.5.1-5.16
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• 2023

The H9N2 avian influenza (AI) has become endemic in poultry in many countries since the 1990s, which has caused considerable economic losses in the poultry industry. Considering the long history of the low pathogenicity H9N2 AI in many countries, once H9N2 AI is introduced, it is more difficult to eradicate than high pathogenicity AI. Various preventive measures and strategies, including vaccination and active national surveillance, have been used to control the Y439 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea, but it took a long time for the H9N2 virus to disappear from the fields. By contrast, the novel Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI was introduced in June 2020 and has spread nationwide. This study reviews the history, genetic and pathogenic characteristics, and control strategies for Korean H9N2 AI. This review may provide some clues for establishing control strategies for endemic AIV and a newly introduced Y280 lineage of H9N2 AI in South Korea.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2004

Avian influenza(AI) is an epizootic disease of variable severity caused by type A influenza viruses of the orthomyxovirus group. Chickens were the most frequently affected avian species with AI viruses. There were many outbreaks of fowl plague, now known as highly pathogenic AI(HP AI), throughout the world since Perroncito described the fowl plague in 1978 in Italy. In recent years HPAI viruses of different serotypes such as H5, H7 and H9 has been isolated from humans on several occasions either related with outbreak of HPAI in birds or not. In 1997, one of the most noteworthy events in AI history was the human mortality with H5N1 HPAI virus infection in Hong Kong. Six persons of total 18 persons with clinical signs of influenza were died. Recently the human cases with mortality related with HP AI outbreaks in poultry industry has been increased such as outbreaks of HP AI throughout Asia countries including Korea, Japan, China, Vietnam, Thailand and others in 2003. Although these outbreaks revealed the capable of spreading from birds to human, the capability for transmission between people was not clear. Therefore, this report will review the possibility of HP AI infection in human associated with HPAI outbreak in poultry industry.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.207-218
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• 2023

Duck farming restriction refers to a program in which duck farms suspend their operations for a certain period at times when the risk of avian influenza (AI) is high and receive compensation from the Korean government. This study analyzed the effect of this duck farming restriction on the incidence of AI using data on regional AI incidence rates, the program participation rate, and characteristics of poultry farming in 2016 (before the implementation of the restriction), as well as data from 2020 and 2021 (when new AI outbreaks occurred). In this study, the treatment group was divided into five subgroups according to the policy participation rate and a difference-in-difference (DID) estimation was conducted using certain covariates, in this case the average number of ducks raised, the land area, the number of high-susceptibility farms, the number of low-susceptibility farms, the average number of farms within a 3 km radius, the average distance to the nearest farm, and a year dummy. The results showed that when more than 30% of all duck farms in a region participated in the farming restriction, it had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of AI. Specifically, when more than 30, 40, 50, and 60% of all duck farms participated in the farming restriction, the AI incidence rate decreased by 0.7184, 1.0025, 1.5844, and 1.5843%p, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.36.1-36.14
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• 2022

Background: Since 2003, the H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype has caused massive economic losses in the poultry industry in South Korea. The role of inland water bodies in avian influenza (AI) outbreaks has not been investigated. Identifying water bodies that facilitate risk pathways leading to the incursion of the HPAI virus (HPAIV) into poultry farms is essential for implementing specific precautionary measures to prevent viral transmission. Objectives: This matched case-control study (1:4) examined whether inland waters were associated with a higher risk of AI outbreaks in the neighboring poultry farms. Methods: Rivers, irrigation canals, lakes, and ponds were considered inland water bodies. The cases and controls were chosen based on the matching criteria. The nearest possible farms located within a radius of 3 km of the case farms were chosen as the control farms. The poultry farms were selected randomly, and two HPAI epidemics (H5N8 [2014-2016] and H5N6 [2016-2017]) were studied. Conditional logistic regression analysis was applied. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that inland waters near poultry farms were significant risk factors for AI outbreaks. The study speculated that freely wandering wild waterfowl and small animals contaminate areas surrounding poultry farms. Conclusions: Pet birds and animals raised alongside poultry birds on farm premises may wander easily to nearby waters, potentially increasing the risk of AI infection in poultry farms. Mechanical transmission of the AI virus occurs when poultry farm workers or visitors come into contact with infected water bodies or their surroundings. To prevent AI outbreaks in the future, poultry farms should adopt strict precautions to avoid contact with nearby water bodies and their surroundings.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2009년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1130-1135
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• 2009

조류인플루엔자는 닭이나 오리와 같은 가금류 또는 야생조류에서 생기는 바이러스의 하나로, 농장에 큰 피해를 줄 뿐 아니라 인체에 치명적 영향을 줄 수 있다. 특히 조류인플루엔자의 주요 발생원이 철새로 추정되는 상황에서 이에 대한 예찰활동은 중요하다. 철새가 텃새에게 조류인플루엔자를 전염시키면 이로 인해 국내 가금류에게 2차 전염을 유발할 확률이 높기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구는 겨울철 국내에 유입되는 철새의 AI 전파 현상을 시스템다이나믹스를 이용하여 모델링함으로써 예찰활동에 대한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.536-542
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• 2007

국내뿐만 아니라, 전세계적으로 관심을 가지고 있는 인플루엔자 바이러스(influenza virus)는 일반적으로 고열과 기침을 동반한 독감을 일으키는 원인체로서, 사람을 포함한 포유동물과 조류 등에 감염되고 전염될 수 있기 때문에 많은 문제를 유발 하고 있습니다. 또한 이미 많이 알려진 조류 인플루엔자(avain influenza; AI)의 경우 조류에서 뿐만 아니라, 사람에게 전염될 경우 치명적인 결과를 초래하는 경우가 많아 때로는 공포의 대상이 되기도 합니다. 더욱이 조류 인플루엔자(AI)는 보건상의 문제를 해결하기 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있음에도 불구하고, 현재까지도 국내.외 여러 산업에 영향을 주거나 사람이 사망에 까지 이르고 있는 실정입니다. 이러한 현실에서 인플루엔자 바이러스가 사람을 비롯한 여러 동물에서 감염 혹은 전염이 확인될 경우 많은 걱정을 할 수 밖에 없으며, 만약 동물에서의 바이러스 감염 사실이 과장되거나 잘못된 정보가 대중에게 알려질 경우에는 사회적으로 엄청난 파장을 일으킬 수 밖에 없는 것이 현실입니다. 더욱이, 근래 미국에서는 개의 독감(canine flu)이라고 불리는 개의 인플루엔자 바이러스(canine influenza virus; CIV) 감염이 전역으로 확산되고 있는 상황이기 때문에, 국내에서도 예의주시하면서 지켜보고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 수의사를 비롯한 보호자를 개의 인플루엔자 바이러스에 대해서 많은 관심을 가지고 있는 상황입니다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.392-397
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• 2009

We designed a wavelength interrogation-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor to detect avian influenza DNA (AI-DNA). Hybridization reactions between target AI-DNA probes and capture probes immobilized on a gold surface were monitored quantitatively by measuring the resonance wavelength in the visible waveband. The experimental results were consistent with numerical calculations. Although the SPR detection technique does not require the DNA to be labeled, we also evaluated fluorescently-labeled targets to verify the hybridization behavior of the AI-DNA. Changes in resonance were found to be linearly proportional to the amount of bound analyte. A wavelength interrogation-type SPR biosensor can be used for rapid measurement and high-throughput detection of highly pathogenic AI viruses.

• 월간양계
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• 제38권8호통권442호
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• pp.142-143
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• 2006

조류 인플루엔자(Avian influenza, 이하 AI)는 때로는 돼지에서 나타나기도 하지만 주로 가금류에만 감염되는 바이러스성 질병이다 . 본래 “ influenza”는 라 틴 어 의“influential “(영어: influence), “영향을 주다”에서 유래된 말로 옛날 서양인들이 전염병이 돌면 별자리의 영향에 의한 것으로 믿은 것에서 유래됐다 한다. AI는 매우 종특이적(species- specific)이나, 드물게 종을 넘어 인간에게까지도 감염력을 나타내는 것들도 있다. 야생이 아닌 인간이 사육하는 가금류에서는 약독성과 맹독성의 두 종류가 발견되는데 이들은 아주 극단적인 결과를 나타낸다. 약독성은 깃이 곤두서거나 산란율이 저하되는 정도로 미미하게 경과되는 반면, 맹독성은 계군 간의 전파속도가 빠르고 각종 장기들에 감염되어 48시간 이내에 100% 치사율을 보이기도 한다.

• KAPE누리
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• 89호
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• pp.9-9
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• 2004

• 월간양계
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.196-198
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• 2019