• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.231-241
• /
• 1997

A tracer model was applied in the Far East Asia to investigate the dry deposition rates of air pollutants on Korean Peninsula originated from different countries including China and Japan. Wind direction was chosen to predict the maximum deposition rates and SO$_2$ was chosen as a tracer to estimate the source strength. Model simulation shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of China-originated SO$_2$ were 50%, 8% and 30%, respectively, at most. Also it was found that deposition, outbounded and airborne ratios of Korea-originated SO$_2$ were 15~77%, 8~75%, and 3~30%, respectively Model simulation also shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of Kyushu-originated SO$_2$ were, 30~45%, 8~14％ and 20~25%, respectively. This study shows that tracer model can be applied on the estimation of air pollutants partitioning in regional scale and that more sophisticated modules and schemes can be developed and applied to better predict the transboundary amounts of air pollutants in this region.

• 도시과학
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.39-48
• /
• 2021

In this study, to evaluate the characteristics of the pollution in the major inflow tributaries and major environmental facilities in the watershed of Ara waterway, An inflow flow rate measurement and water quality analysis were conducted during dry and rainy seasons. In addition, the flow rate measurement, water quality analysis, and pollutant load at each monitoring point were compared and evaluated. Influx of BOD5, T-P and T-N into the tributaries of the ARA waterway watershed, excluding the Gulpo river watershed, during dry season were only 0.007%, 0.005% and 0.004% respectively of the incoming loads in the entire ARA waterway basin. In addition, it was confirmed that the discharge pollutant loads during rainfall event was about 440 times more for BOD5, about 545 times on T-P, and about 23 times on T-N in comparison to the pollutant loads during the dry days. When the Gulhyeon rubber dam was deflated, the discharged pollutant load during a rainfall was higher than the estimated load at the G7 monitoring point because the deposited pollutants from the upstream riverbed flowed down. Therefore, during a rainy season, it is necessary to manage the influx of high-load water pollutants from the overflow and deflation of the Gulhyun rubber dam as well as to find a strategy to reduce the pollutant loads in the Gulpo river watershed.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2013

The temporal and spatial variations of water quality in a stratified reservoir are fully dependent on the characteristics of inflow loading from its watershed and the transport regimes of pollutants after entering the reservoir. Because of the meteorological and hydrological conditions in Korea, the pollutants loading to reservoirs are mostly occur during rainfall events. Therefore it is important to understand the characteristics of pollutants loading from upstream rivers and their spatial propagation through the stratified reservoir during the rainfall events. The objectives of this study were to characterize the water quality variations in upstream rivers of Imha Reservoir during a rainfall event, and the transport and spatial variations of pollutants in the reservoir through extensive field monitoring and laboratory analysis. The results showed that the event mean concentration (EMC) of SS, BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, T-N, T-P, $PO_4-P$ are 8.6 ~ 362.1, 2.5 ~ 5.1, 1.5 ~ 5.1, 1.1 ~ 1.9, 8.3 ~ 57.1, 5.6 ~ 25.7 times greater than the mean concentrations of these parameters during non-rainfall period. The turbidity and SS data showed good linear correlations, but the relationships between flow and SS showed large variations because of hysteresis effect during rising and falling periods of the flood. The ratio of POC to TOC were 12.6 ~ 14.7% during the non-rainfall periods, but increased up to 28.2 ~ 41.7% during the flood event. The turbid flood flow formed underflow and interflow after entering the reservoir, and delivered a great amount of non-point pollutants such as labile and refractory organic matters and nutrients to the metalimnion layer of reservoir, which is just above the thermocline. Spatially, the lateral variations of most water quality parameters were marginal but the vertical variations were significant.

• 생태와환경
• /
• 제34권1호통권93호
• /
• pp.62-69
• /
• 2001

본 연구는 삽교호 유입지천(곡교천, 무한천, 삽교천, 남원천)에서 강우시 유량 및 수질 관측을 1999년 6월부터 11월까지 실시하여 분석한 것이다. 연구의 최종 목적은 삽교호 수질을 개선시키는 것이며, 그 일환으로 삽교호 유입지천의 오염부하를 저감시키기 위해 강우시 유입되는 비점오염물질의 유출 특성 및 오염부하량을 산정하는데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 조사 결과, 평상시 삽교호 수량에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 유입지천은 삽교천이며, 강우시에는 유역면적이 가장 넓은 곡교천이 삽교호 수량에 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 유역의 토지이용형태에 따른 유출 특성에 현격한 차이를 보여 수질 관리를 위한 대책 수립시 고려되어야 할 인자로 도출되었다. 삽교호로 유입되는 연간 총오염부하량 중 강우시 발생되는 비점오염부하량의 기여율은 SS, BOD, T-N 및 T-P 각각 62%, 43%, 41% 및 27%으로 추정되어 삽교호 수질을 개선하는데 유입부하를 감소시키기 위한 관리기법을 도입할 때 점오염원과 비점오염원에 대한 부하량 저감대책을 함께 수립해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.651-661
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to estimate the characteristics and pollutant loadings of non-point pollutants that flowed in the streams on precipitation for pollutant loading reduction of Hwa-sung lake inflow streams. Although it has been made an effort to improve the water quality of Hwa-sung basin through the strategies for the preservation of water quality, it is shown that the water quality is not greatly improved. Because it has been industrialized and urbanized near Hwa-sung basin so that it is difficult to reduce the water pollution due to the increase in pollutant loadings of point and non-point sources. In this study, it is investigated the outflow characteristics of non-point pollutants that discharged with storm runoff and estimated the effect of runoff on Hwa-sung basin. The final goal of this study is to utilize the basic information for proper management and strategies of non-point sources on Hwa-sung basin. At the result of inflow streams, Ja-an stream that has the greatest pollutant loadings on precipitation is strongly influenced on the water quantity of Hwa-sung basin. On the other hand, it is shown that Nam-yang stream is strongly influenced on the SS concentration of Hwasung basin among them. Also, all streams; Nam-yang, Ja-ahn, Ah-eun stream; has the degree of slope more than or near 1 in the correlation results so that they have strong pollutant loading impact and the concentration of SS is the highest among other pollutants. So, specific studies on initial rain phenomena are more necessary to manage the pollutants economically. Also, the proper control of SS concentration is required to manage the effluent pollutants effectively on precipitation. So, it is necessary to consider the strategies for non-point pollutants as well as point pollutants when the new management is imposed to reduce the pollutant load for improvement of Hwa-sung basin.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 2015

To study the influence of changes in river discharge on water quality of the main stem of the Geum River, we investigated variation of inflow load from tributaries with river discharge. We also studied the mixing behavior of pollutants during mixing of waters of the main stem and Gap Stream. For this study, we collected water quality data such as suspended solids (SS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) representing pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon events of 2013 from a website of Water Information System. Based on inflow load, the Gap and Miho streams may be ones of tributaries which may largely influence water quality of main stem in upper river region. The Suksung and Nonsan Streams seemed to further affect water quality downstream. Results of modified EMMA indicated SS and TP may have another source(besides Gap Stream) at pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon period. In contrast, TN and organic matter (BOD, COD, TOC) were conservative at pre-monsoon and post-monsoon. However, when river discharge increased, these pollutants may also came from unspecified non-point sources. Therefore, we need to attempt to find non-point sources for the pollutants in the main channel of upper Geum River region.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.41-49
• /
• 1999

진해·마산만의 장기 수질변동을 예측할 수 있는 평면 2차원 수질계산 모형을 구성하였다. 유역내 22개 하천의 오염부하량 및 해역내 16개 정점의 수질을 월별, 계절별로 관측 (1995.5~1996.4)하여 모형의 보정·검증자료로 이용하였으며 저면퇴적물로부터의 오염물질 용출률을 측정하여 저층에서의 지역적 오염편차를 반영하였다. 구성된 모형을 적용하여 하계의 농도분포를 모의한 결과는 다음과 같다. 하천을 통한 오염물질 유입지점의 오염도가 매우 높으며, 외해방향으로 급격하게 농도가 감소하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 특히 마산만으로 유입되는 다량의 오염물질은 해역의 정체성으로 대부분이 침전되어 저질의 오염을 가중시키고 있다. 방류수역에서는 질소 및 인이 미처리상태로 방류되기 때문에, 해역의 부영양화가 진행되고 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2001

The effect of major operating parameters in spray drying sorber(=SDS) for automatic control for the simultaneous removal of acidic and organic gaseous pollutants from solid waste incinerator was performed. The field experiment was carried out in pilot scale test for the quantification of major operating parameters of hydrophilic and the hydrophobic pollutants. The removal efficiencies of $SO_2$and HCI in the 5wt% slurry condition were being increased with the increase of the stoichiometric ration which is the molecular ratio of lime to the pollutant concentration, and with the decrease of inflow flue gas temperature in the pilot SDS reactor. The removal efficiency along the height of spray drying sorber was closely related to the temperature profile, and more than 90% of total removal efficiency was achieved in an absorption region. For the removal of acidic gas the optimum operating condition considering the economics and a stable operation is the 5wt% of slurry concentration, 1.2 of stoichiometric ratio and 25$0^{\circ}C$ of inflow flue gas temperature. For the organic gases of benzene and toluene the removal efficiencies were 20-60% which is much lower than that of acidic gas. The best removal efficiency was obtained at 1.5 of stoichiometric ratio and 25$0^{\circ}C$ of inflow flue gas temperature. The organic\`s removal efficiency along the height of spray drying sorber was quite different from that of acidic gas, that is, more than 60% of the total removal efficiency for benzene and 90% of the total removal for toluene were achieved in the dried adsorption region, which was formed at the lower or exit part of the reactor.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 여과와 침투기작을 이용한 개선된 여과형 시설의 비점오염물질 처리효율을 평가하고자 수행되었다. 저감시설은 지리학적 기후학적인 인자를 고려하여 기존의 저감시설의 단점을 보완하여 설계되었다. 저감시설의 처리효율 평가는 실험실 규모로 수행되었으며, 3가지 유형의 유속[초기강우(120 mL/min), 일반적인 강우(242 mL/min), 집중호우(500 mL/min)]을 적용하여 실험을 진행하였고, 이를 통하여 수질 분석 및 물수지를 산정하였다. 실험결과, 저감시설의 입자상 물질 제거 효율은 90%이상으로 높게 분석되었다. 3가지의 유속변화 실험 중, 집중호우의 경우에서 11~91% 범위로 낮은 제거효율을 보였는데, 이는 다른 유속에 비해 짧은 체류시간을 갖기 때문으로 판단된다. 또한 저감시설의 물수지 산정결과 침투량은 유출량의 약 1%에 불과하여 향후 저감시설 설계 시, 침투를 증가시키기 위해서 시설하부의 토양치환 등을 통한 침투량 및 저류량을 증가시킬 수 있는 기술적 접근이 필요하며, 이는 오염물질의 저감에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.207-214
• /
• 2013

To evaluate characteristics of water quality in Jeju, a study was implemented for Han stream and retention ponds. Inflow water quality of retention ponds was heavily dependent on precedent rainfall, and no pesticide was detected due to the little artificial pollution sources. A smooth settling efficiency curve was noticed because heavy particles were already settled down in front of the retention pond. There were weak relationships between retention time and water quality, and this can be attributable to high concentration of pollutants influx at peak inflow. In addition, as Han stream retention pond has a role of groundwater recharge, inflow control based on water quality as well as quantity is needed to maximize pollutant removal at the retention ponds.