• Title/Summary/Keyword: Inflammatory pain

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The anti-nociceptive effect of BPC-157 on the incisional pain model in rats

  • Jung, Young-Hoon;Kim, Haekyu;Kim, Hyaejin;Kim, Eunsoo;Baik, Jiseok;Kang, Hyunjong
    • Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.97-105
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    • 2022
  • Background: The pentadecapeptide BPC-157 has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects on multiple target tissues and organs. Peptides have potent anti-inflammatory effects on periodontal tissues in rats with periodontitis. Few studies have investigated the effect of BPC-157 on pain after dental procedures or oral surgeries. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the antinociceptive effects of BPC-157 on postoperative incisional pain in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (saline with the same volume), BPC10 (10 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), BPC20 (20 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), BPC40 (40 ㎍/kg of BPC-157), and morphine (5 mg/kg of morphine). A 1-cm longitudinal incision was made through the skin, fascia, and muscle of the plantar aspect of the hind paw in isoflurane-anesthetised rats. Withdrawal responses were measured using von Frey filaments at 0, 2, 6 h and 4, 7 d after incision. The formalin test was also performed to differentiate its anti-nociceptive effect from an inflammatory reaction or central sensitization. Pain behavior was quantified periodically in phases 1 and 2 by counting the number of flinches in the ipsilateral paw after injection with 30 µL of 5% formalin. Results: The threshold of mechanical allodynia was significantly increased in the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups compared with that in the control group at 2 h. These increasing thresholds then returned to the levels of the control group. The BPC-157 group showed a much higher threshold at 4 days after incision than the control group. The thresholds of the BPC groups, except the morphine group, were normalized 7 days after incision. The flinching numbers of the BPC10, BPC20, BPC40 and morphine groups were significantly decreased in phase 1, but there was no decrease in the BPC-157 groups except the morphine group in phase 2. Conclusions: BPC-157 was effective only for a short period after incision. It was also effective during phase 1 but not during phase 2, as determined by the formalin test. BPC-157 might have a short antinociceptive effect, even though it has anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects.

Low Level Laser Therapy for Two Patients with Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (척추 추간판 탈출증의 저출력 레이저에 의한 치험 2예)

  • Kim, Young-Choo;Kim, Hae-Gyu;Baik, Seong-Wan;Kim, Inn-Se;Jung, Kyoo-Sub
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 1991
  • There is a variety of therapeutic modality for herniated nucleus pulposus. Recently the low level laser has come into use for treatment for it. We treated two patients suffered from herniated nucleus pulposus of the central type of $L_{3,4}$ level, with He-Ne, $CO_2$ and Ga Al As laser simultaneously daily under hospitalization. In order to determine the efficacy of treatment, we used the "visual analogue scale" and its improvement rate. The results were as follows; Case I complained of gait disturbance, and hypoesthesia on the lateral side of the left lower leg, as and as low back pain. At the 15th day after treatment, VAS improvement rate was 40%, and the gait disturbance and hypoesthesia were markedly improved. 35th days after tratement, VAS improvement rate was 80%. Case II complained only of low back pain. At the 15th day after treatment, the VAS improvement rate was 68%, and at 20 days after treatment it was 84%. We sugsest that, using the low level laser for treatment of herniated nucleus pulposus increased the cartilage entrophism, and inhibitory effects of the inflammatory materials such as acid glycosaminoglycan by its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

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Ameliorative Potential of Rengyolone Against CCI-induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats

  • Lee, Gil-Hyun;Hyun, Kyung-Yae
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.310-318
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    • 2020
  • The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve among the peripheral nerves, and the damage to the sciatic nerve is caused by mechanical and physical pressure. This is an important disease that consumes a lot of time and money in the treatment process. Among them, research on relieving nerve pain caused by damage to the peripheral sciatic nerve has been made efforts to prevent and treat this disease through various methods such as drugs, natural products, electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, and massage. Existing treatments are not very effective in neurological pain, and countermeasures are needed. Forsythia Fructus, used in this study, has been used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases and a pain reliever for cancer from the past, and in past studies, it has been known to properly control the inflammatory response. In this study, rengyolone, a physiologically active substance of Forsythiae Fructus, was administered to rats that caused chronic left nerve pain to verify the pain relief effect. As a result of the experiment, it was found that mechanical pain and cold stimulation pain were significantly reduced in the rengyolone-treated group compared to the non-administered group. In addition, it was found that nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression was significantly reduced and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdc2) expression was increased in the rengyolone administration group. This increase in NGF expression is thought to be related to rengyolone's anti-inflammatory regulatory mechanism. It is expected that the reduced NGF was directly involved in pain relief.

Clinical study on one case of a patient with chronic PID (만성골반염(慢性骨盤炎) 환자에 대한 치험일례(治驗一例))

  • Seo, Ji-Young;Kim, Yoon-Sang;Lim, Eun-Mee
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.218-227
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    • 2002
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) is a spectrum of inflammatory disorders of the female genital tract involving at least the endrometrium and may include the fallopian tubes, ovaries, and pelvic cavity. Women with PID acutely experience pain and are at risk for sepsis; however, the long-term complications such as chronic pelvic pain, organic changes like chronic salpingitis, adhesions, etc., and the significant increases in ectopic pregnancy and infertility are more important and hard to control. This study is about one patient who has chronic PID with inflammatory pelvic mass. The patient was treated with retention enema therapy which use herbs effective for reducing inflammation, resolution abdominal mass, promoting blood circulation. Also, treated with herbal medication of Danchisoyosan(丹梔逍遙散) and Moxibution at Zhongwan(中脘), Guanyuan(關元). After total treatment for three months, the patient's symptoms are improved and the size of inflammatory pelvic mass is reduced. This results indicates that the combination treatment, especially the retention enema therapy is effective on reducing symptoms of PID and the size of secondary inflammatory organic changes.

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Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of N-acetylcysteine and verapamil in Wistar rats

  • Elberry, Ahmed Abdullah;Sharkawi, Souty Mouner Zaky;Wahba, Mariam Rofaiel
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • v.32 no.4
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    • pp.256-263
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    • 2019
  • Background: Antinociceptive anti-inflammatory drugs have many adverse effects. The goal of this investigation is to study the probable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of verapamil and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in experimental rats. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups in the antinociceptive study, each containing 6 rats; the normal control group, which received saline (1 mL/kg); the diclofenac group, which received diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg); the NAC group, which received NAC (125 mg/kg); and the verapamil group, which received verapamil (8 mg/kg). In the anti-inflammatory study, 5 groups were used, the 4 previous groups with the addition of an edema control group, received saline and were subjected to formalin test. Hot plate latency time was recorded for antinociceptive evaluation. Paw edema thickness and biochemical parameters were recorded for anti-inflammatory evaluation. Results: Administration of NAC showed significant prolongation of hot plate latency time at 1 hour when compared to the control group while verapamil showed a significant prolongation of hot plate latency time at 1 and 2 hours when compared to the control group and NAC group values. Administration of NAC and verapamil significantly decreased paw edema thickness at 2, 4, and 8 hours when compared to edema control values. Regarding biochemical markers, NAC and verapamil significantly decreased serum nitric oxide synthase, C-reactive protein, and cyclooxygenase-2 levels compared to the edema control value. In accordance, a marked improvement of histopathological findings was observed with both drugs. Conclusions: NAC and verapamil have antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects comparable to diclofenac sodium.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of ginsenoside Rf in a rat model of incisional pain

  • Kim, Min Kyoung;Kang, Hyun;Baek, Chong Wha;Jung, Yong Hun;Woo, Young Cheol;Choi, Geun Joo;Shin, Hwa Yong;Kim, Kyung Soo
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.183-191
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    • 2018
  • Background: Ginseng saponin has long been used as a traditional Asian medicine and is known to be effective in treating various kinds of pain. Ginsenoside Rf is one of the biologically active saponins found in ginseng. We evaluated ginsenoside Rf's antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, and its mechanism of action on adrenergic and serotonergic receptors, in an incisional pain model. Methods: Mechanical hyperalgesia was induced via plantar incision in rats followed by intraperitoneal administration of increasing doses of ginsenoside Rf (vehicle, 0.5 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 1.5 mg/kg, and 2 mg/kg). The antinociceptive effect was also compared in a Positive Control Group that received a ketorolac (30 mg/kg) injection, and the $Na{\ddot{i}}ve$ Group, which did not undergo incision. To evaluate the mechanism of action, rats were treated with prazosin (1 mg/kg), yohimbine (2 mg/kg), or ketanserin (1 mg/kg) prior to receiving ginsenoside Rf (1.5 mg/kg). The mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured using von Frey filaments at various time points before and after ginsenoside Rf administration. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, serum interleukin $(IL)-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrotizing $factor-{\alpha}$ levels were measured. Results: Ginsenoside Rf increased the mechanical withdrawal threshold significantly, with a curvilinear dose-response curve peaking at 1.5 mg/kg. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrotizing $factor-{\alpha}$ levels significantly decreased after ginsenoside Rf treatment. Ginsenoside Rf's antinociceptive effect was reduced by yohimbine, but potentiated by prazosin and ketanserin. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal ginsenoside Rf has an antinociceptive effect peaking at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg. Anti-inflammatory effects were also detected.

Effects of NOS Inhibitors on Arthritis and Arthritic Pain in Rats

  • Min, Sun-Seek
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • v.11 no.6
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    • pp.253-257
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    • 2007
  • Among the arthritis symptoms, chronic pain is the most serious, and it can profoundly affect the quality of human life. Unfortunately, the mechanism of development in arthritis and arthritic pain has not yet been precisely elucidated. Accumulating evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO) plays a pivotal role in nociceptive processing in the spinal cord. However, the modulation mechanism of NO in the peripheral site of arthritis and arthritic pain has not been clarified. Therefore, I determined in the present study which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was involved in the induction of arthritis and arthritic pain. Monoarthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of carrageenan (2%, $50{\mu}l$) into rats, and resulted in the reduction of weight load on the injected leg, increase of knee joint diameter and inflammatory response. Pre-treatment of rats with L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (L-NIL, $500{\mu}g$, in $50{\mu}l$), an inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS), partially prevented the induction of pain-related behavior and partially reduced inflammatory response in the synovial membrane in the knee joint. These results suggest that iNOS in the knee joint may play an important role in the induction of pain-related behavior and inflammation, and that NO produced by iNOS may be associated with nociceptive signaling in the peripheral site.

Role of Samultang in Formalin-induced Orofacial pain (포르말린으로 유발된 안면부 통증조절에서 사물탕의 역할)

  • Kim, Yun-Kyung;Hyun, Kyung-Yae;Park, Min-Kyoung;Lee, Min-Kyung
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.15 no.9
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    • pp.5594-5601
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    • 2014
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of Samultang by measuring the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in formalin-induced orofacial pain. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects were measured by western blot analysis for p38 MAPK(Mitogen-activated protein kinases), iNOS(induceble nitric oxide synthase) and NOX4(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate4) in a rat's brain and medulla oblongata. Samultang significantly attenuated the increased formalin-induced nociceptive response and inhibited the p38 MAPK and iNOS that led to inflammatory pain. In addition, this study indicated that Samultang possess antioxidative effects through the blockade of NOX4. These findings suggest that Samultang plays an important role in the peripheral processing of inflammatory pain in the orofacial area.

Effect of Lower Abdomen Warmer on Primary Dysmenorrhea Patients Taking Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (비스테로이드성 소염진통제를 복용하는 원발성 월경곤란증 환자에 대한 하복부 온열찜질기의 효과)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Jun;Lee, Dong-Nyung;Ahn, Ha-Young
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.128-141
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the pain relief effect of lower abdomen warmer on primary dysmenorrhea patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and whether the using of warmer can supplement or replace the drugs. Methods: 30 women with primary dysmenorrhea were assigned to treatment group (n=15) and control group (n=15). At 1st visit, the treatment group was provided with a wirless multiuse warmer and trained to use at least three times per menstrual cycle. The control group was not provided with the warmer, and both groups were provided with a menstrual diary and instructed to record their pain intensity and dose of analgesic every menstrual period. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to assess the intensity of overall pain and the most severe pain during the menstrual period. And the total number of analgesic taken during menstruation and the average number of analgesic taken during a single dose were measured. Results: There was significant pain relief in the treatment group compared to before baseline, and there was a significant difference from the control group. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of taking analgesic during the menstrual period between the treatment group and the control group, but the dose of analgesic was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Conclusions: This clinical trial showed that lower abdomen warmer would helpful in relieving primary dysmenorrhea and could help reduce the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Clinical Features of the Persistent Idiopathic Dentoalveolar Pain Compared with Inflammatory Dental Pain

  • Jang, Ji Hee;Chung, Jin Woo
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.47 no.2
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the differences between clinical and quantitative sensory testing (QST) results among persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain (PIDP), inflammatory dental pain, and control group subjects to identify discriminative clinical features for differential diagnosis. Methods: Thirty-three patients (5 PIDP-a without surgical procedures 10 PIDP-b with surgical procedures, 8 dental pain patients, and 10 controls) were evaluated for clinical features and QST results. Cold pain threshold, heat pain threshold, mechanical pain threshold (MPT), mechanical pain sensitivity, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were performed. Psychological factors were assessed using Symptom Checklist-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) and a chart review was conducted to evaluate additional discriminative clinical features such as pain quality and treatment prognosis. Results: The dental pain group had lower PPT than the PIDP-b and the control group. The PIDP-a group showed higher MPT and PPT than the PIDP-b and dental pain group but the difference was not statistically significant. Differences in SCL-90-R SOM (Somatization), O-C (obsessive-compulsive), ANX (anxiety), and PSY (Psychoticism) values were statistically significant among groups. PIDP-a and PIDP-b groups showed remaining symptoms after treatment and the pain tended to spread widely, whereas, in toothache patients, symptoms disappeared after treatment. However, factors that confound the diagnosis, such as an increase in pain during chewing and a decrease in the pain threshold at the affected site, could also be identified. Conclusions: PIDP and dental pain groups have distinct clinical symptoms, but there are also factors that cause confusing in diagnosis. Therefore, various clinical examination results should be carefully reviewed and comprehensively evaluated in the differential diagnosis process.