• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.482-486
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• 2020

Cases of inflammatory bowel diseases including ulcerative colitis are increasing in Korea and development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely investigated. Natural products with anti-inflammatory properties are rising as safe candidates for NSAIDs. The extract of turmeric or puffed turmeric mixed with herbal extract (goji berry, liquorice, lycium root, and dong quai) was treated to acute colitis mice by oral gavage. The symptoms of colitis, i.e., body weight loss, fecal score, and shortened colon length, were significantly attenuated by puffed turmeric extract with the herbal extract. Non-puffed turmeric extract with herbal extract, however, exhibited a very marginal recovery. Tissue culture supernatant of colons further revealed that both puffed turmeric and non-puffed turmeric extracts with herbal extract suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production at a comparable level. These results indicate that puffing is a simple and promising process of turmeric for enhancement of anti-inflammatory properties.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2021

Lentinus edodes contains functional metabolites such as polysaccharopeptides, lectins, and secondary metabolites. Fermented soybean paste is representative fermented materials in Korea, and is gradually increasing due to various biological activities. In the present study, ethanol extracts of fermented products with/without L. edodes were designated as SPL and SP, and prepared to develop safer and therapeutic functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities for treatment of inflammatory disorders. SP and SPL extracts exhibited antioxidant effects via inhibiting radical activities. Inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation were down-regulated by two extracts. SPL extract more strongly enhanced the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities than SP extract. Its' activities shown more longer fermentation period and more strong inhibitory effects. Taken together, our results suggested that fermented product with medicinal plant has synergic effect and SPL can be a potential candidate for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.134-146
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• 2013

Objectives : Auklandia Lappa (ALE) is one of the herbs used frequently to treat abdominal pain and diarrhea and reported anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines. This study was designed to investigate whether ALE could show protective activities on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) models. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. ALE 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were orally administered twice a day for 7 days in DSS model. Mice weight was measured daily. Scoring of clinical findings was measured every other day. Colon length, edema, fecal blood and histological damages were assessed at day 7 in DSS model. In histological analysis, we checked cryptal glands, surface epithelium, submucosa, transmural, stroma and scored degree of inflammatory cell damage by modified histological scoring. We also calculated cytokines concentrations including IFN-${\gamma}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-17, IL-23, IL-10 and TGF-${\beta}1$ by Biometric Multiplex Cytokine Profiling method. Results : ALE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. ALE inhibited shortening of colon length and histological damages of colon does-dependently, but it did not inhibit weight loss. ALE also inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-6 expression, and upregulated cytokines (IL-10, TGF-${\beta}1$) related to regulatory T cell differentiation and proliferation. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of ALE in traditional medicine and indicate the possibility of potent drug development of inflammatory bowel diseases from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2014

Hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) is a rare radiographic finding associated with severe intra-abdominal disease and fatal outcome. Most cases of HPVG are historically related to mesenteric ischemia accompanied by bowel necrosis. The current spread of computed tomography scan promotes not only the early detection of related severe diseases but also the identification of other causes of HPVG. It has been reported in many non-fatal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, intra-abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, paralytic ileus, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic sphincterotomy, and gastric dilatation. Among these, paralytic ileus is a very rare condition, with no case yet reported in South Korea. Reported herein is a case of HPVG in paralytic ileus, which was treated well internally and was promptly resolved.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.474-481
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• 2001

Mesalazine(5-Aminosalicylic acid,5-ASA), a component of Sulfasalazine (sulfapyridine bound to 5-ASA), is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease. Most adverse pulmonary effects caused by sulfasalazine have been attributed to sulfapyridine. However, lung toxicity associated with mesalazine(5-ASA) is rare. Here we report a case of eosinophilic pneumonia in a 44-year-old woman with ulcerative colitis, who was treated with mesalazine. She developed symptoms of a dry cough, mild night fever, and exertional dyspnea. Bilateral peripheral pulmonary infiltrates, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and histologic features were consistent with eosinophilic pneumonia. The symptoms improved quite rapidly after the discontinuation of mesalazine and initiation of steroid therapy. Therefore, adverse pulmonary reactions to mesalazine must be considered in a differential diagnosis of pulmonary involvement in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are receiving with mesalazine therapy.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

In the past gut microbiome has been the main focus of microbiome research. Studies about the microbiome inside oral cavities and other organs are underway. Studies about the relationship between noninfectious diseases and periodontal diseases, and the negative effects of harmful oral microbes on systemic health have been published in the recent past. A lot of attention is being paid towards fostering a healthy oral microbial ecosystem. This study aimed to understand the roles and effects of the microbiome inside the human body can potentially help cure various diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases with no known cure such as Crohn's disease, atopic dermatitis, obesity, cancer, diabetes, brain diseases and oral diseases. The present study examined technological trends in the correlation between the human microbiome and diseases in the human body, interactions between the human body's immunity, the metabolic system, and the microbiome, and research trends in other countries. While it has been proven that human microbiome is closely correlated with human diseases, most studies are still in the early stage of trying to compare the composition of microbiomes between health and patient groups. Since the oral environment is a dynamic environment that changes due to not only food intake but also other external factors such as lifestyle, hygiene, and drug intake, it is necessary to continue in-depth research on the microbiome composition characteristics to understand the complex functions of oral microorganisms. Analyzing the oral microbiome using computational technology may aid in disease diagnosis and prevention.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2021

Toxic megacolon is a fatal complication of inflammatory or infectious bowel disease. Prognosis depends on the severity of the disease. In cases of poor prognosis, clinical outcomes range from intestinal resection to death, so early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are very important. However, the prevalence of toxic megacolon in children is very low, and in those without underlying diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, early diagnosis may be delayed. A previously healthy 12-year-old boy presented to our hospital with lower abdomen pain, fever, and hematochezia. Despite antibiotic therapy, the symptoms worsened. On the third day, abdominal computed tomography revealed severe dilatation of the transverse colon, which indicated toxic megacolon. Stool culture was positive for Salmonella enteritidis group D, and rectal endoscopy showed no signs of inflammatory bowel disease. Ceftriaxone and intravenous methylprednisolone were administered, and the patient's condition improved without any complications. We report a case of toxic megacolon as a complication of infectious colitis caused by S. enteritidis group D, which was diagnosed using early imaging and successfully treated without surgical intervention.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 2020

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the upper and lower gastrointestinal tracts, including the oral cavity. For the conventional treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases, steroids are usually used as induction therapy, and azathioprine is used as maintenance therapy. Steroids are associated with various side effects. Under rare circumstances, they can even cause psychotic symptoms, and reports on steroid-induced psychosis in the pediatric population are few. Here, we report the first case of steroid-induced psychosis in a 16-year-old female with Crohn's disease administered with steroids as induction therapy in South Korea. She showed psychotic symptoms, including auditory hallucination, loosening of association, and idea of reference, after 2 weeks of administering prednisolone 60 mg/day. One week after steroid discontinuation, the patient gradually recovered and was treated with quetiapine. Therefore, pediatricians should be aware of serious psychiatric adverse effects when administering corticosteroids for various indications.

• Gut and Liver
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.623-632
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• 2018

Intestinal Behçet's disease is a rare, immune-mediated chronic intestinal inflammatory disease; therefore, clinical trials to optimize the management and treatment of patients are scarce. Moreover, intestinal Behçet's disease is difficult to treat and often requires surgery because of the failure of conventional medical treatment. Administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, a potential therapeutic strategy, is currently under active clinical investigation, and evidence of its effectiveness for both intestinal Behçet's disease and inflammatory bowel diseases has been accumulating. Here, we review updated data on current experiences and outcomes after the administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ for the treatment of intestinal Behçet's disease. In addition to infliximab and adalimumab, which are the most commonly used agents, we describe agents such as golimumab, etanercept, and certolizumab pegol, which have recently been shown to be effective in refractory intestinal Behçet's disease. This review also discusses safety issues associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, including vulnerability to infections and malignancy.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.549-556
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• 2015

Consumption of herbal tea [flower buds of Cleistocalyx operculatus (Roxb.) Merr. et Perry (Myrtaceae)] is associated with health beneficial effects against multiple diseases including diabetes, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease. Emerging evidences have reported that High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is considered as a key "late" proinflammatory factor by its unique secretion pattern in aforementioned diseases. Dimethyl cardamonin (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone, DMC) is a major ingredient of C. operculatus flower buds. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of DMC and its underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages. DMC notably suppressed the mRNA expressions of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and HMGB1, and also markedly decreased their productions in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Intriguingly, DMC could notably reduce LPS-stimulated HMGB1 secretion and its nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation. Furthermore, DMC dose-dependently inhibited the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1), and protein kinase C alpha (PKC${\alpha}$). All these data demonstrated that DMC had anti-inflammatory effects through reducing both early (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6) and late (HMGB1) cytokines expressions via interfering with the PI3K-PDK1-PKC${\alpha}$ signaling pathway.