• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.42-50
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of female infertility patients who come to Korean medicine clinics and analyze the trends of Korean medicine treatment methods and the effects of female infertility by registry data. Methods: We are recruiting study participants from Korean medicine hospitals and clinics. If female infertility patients come, we will ask them to register for this study. After enrollment, we will collect demographic information, treatment methods, pregnancy results, adverse events, and treatment costs. Result: First, we will analyze the characteristics of patients, the status of the use of Korean medicine treatment interventions, the cost status of Korean medicine infertility treatment, and the delivery characteristics of pregnant women after Korean medicine treatment. Second, we will analyze the effectiveness of Korean medicine treatment. The primary outcome is clinical pregnancy rate, and secondary outcomes are 12-week pregnancy maintenance rate, degree of dysmenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome, stress level, and health-related quality of life score. Discussion: This study is the first observational multi-center study in Korea for female infertility. By establishing the registry, we are creating a resource that contains patient-reported outcome measures for female infertility. The registry is expected to provide valuable data for developing Korean medicine Clinical practice guidelines for female infertility.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.66.1-66.1
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• 2002

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.179-182
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• 2000

This study was performed to determine whether the $LH{\beta}$-subunit gene missense mutation is present in Korean infertile patients with 46,XX POF women. The variants of $LH{\beta}$ exon 2 (Trp 8Arg; TGG to CGG and Ile15Thr; ATC to ACC) were studied in forty-four 46,XX idiopathic POF and 54 nonpregnant women. The $LH{\beta}$ exon 2 variants were more frequent in POF patients (20.5%) than nonpregnant (16.7%) women (p>0.05). POF patients with the variant was slightly higher than nonpregnant women with the variant.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2019

Purpose: To develop nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility. Methods: A total of 201 nurses in charge of infertility health services in 4 infertility hospitals and 1 public health center were enrolled for this study. The scale was developed through literature review, in-depth interview, development of preliminary items, verification of content validity, development of secondary items, verification of construct validity, and extraction of final items. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results: Nurses' educational needs scale for women with infertility consisted of 41 items. Three factors (education for disease and symptom of infertility, supporting and counselling for infertility patients, and education for daily life of infertile patients) explained 63.7% of the total variance. Conclusions: Nurses' educational needs scale for woman with infertility demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. Its items could be used to assess the level of educational needs for nurses in charge of infertility health services.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.120-137
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was to investigate status survey and cost of infertility patients in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital. Methods: From January 2012 to June 2012, 171 new patients were admitted to ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Korean Medicine Hospital for treatment of infertility. We reviewed their medical records retrospectively and had telephone consultations to find out whether they were pregnant or not. Results: The mean age of outpatients was $32.72{\pm}4.08$ years and mean BMI of outpatients was $20.26{\pm}2.68$. 55.0% of patients who did not have childbirth or miscarriage. 82.5% of patients had normal menstrual period. 93.5% of patients visited OB/GYN, 33.3% were treated with ovulation induction, 18.7% underwent intrauterine insemination, and 18.1% underwent in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. 99.7% were treated with acupuncture and moxibustion, 100% had taken Herbal Medicine. The mean treatment duration of outpatients was $8.84{\pm}8.17$ weeks, and the mean medical expense was $761,994{\pm}586,502$ won. It was found that 32.4% of patients were pregnant after treatment. Conclusions: We investigated status survey and cost of infertility patients. Further study about Korean medical treatments on infertility is required.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.137-144
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• 1986

A reveiw of 85 patients with uterine anomalies was made in respect to the incidence, chief complaints, the reason of infertility, fetal wastage rate, pregnancy complications, fetal presentations and obstetric outcome after metroplasty from 1980 to 1985. The results were summarized as follows: 1. Incidence of uterine anomaly was 0.18% among all outpatients (85/48,240). 2. Of the 85 patients, there were 36 with bicornuate deformities (42.3%), 21 septate (24.7%), 18 uterus didelphys (21.2%), 8 arcuate (9.4%) and 2 patients with unicornuate anomalies (2.4%). 3. Uterine anomalies were diagnosed by hysterosalpingogram (54.1%), pelvic examination (14.2%) and other operative procedures. 4. Chief complaints were primary infertility (41.2%), secondary infertility (15.3%), repeated pregnancy loss (12.9%), antenatal care (11.8%) and menstural disturbance (10.6%), etc. 5. Twenty-nine patients with uterine anomalies had primary infertility. The cause of infertility was proved nonuterine in 26 cases and remained unknown in 3 cases. 6. The obstetric outcome of 104 pregnancies was spontaneous abortion in 51.0%, premature delivery in 11.50/0 and fetal loss in 57.7%. 7. Complications of 41 present pregnancies were threatened abortion (22%), premature rupture of membrane (12%) and premature labor (10%), etc. The frequency of abnormal presentation was 35.3% and 64.7% of deliveries was made by Cesarian section. 8. Metroplasty was performed in 13 patients who didn't have a baby because of repeated miscarriage and unknown cause of infertility. Subsequently 8 patients had 9 successful pregnancies: 6 patients had 7 healthy babies and 2 patients are now in pregnancy without any complications.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.218-233
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• 2005

Purpose : To investigate clinical-epidemologic aspect of infertility patients in Conmaul Oriental Hospital. Methods : From 2003, 5 to 2004, 4, a total 1223(female 943, male 280) patients was recruited, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Results : The mean age of female was $31.83{\pm}3.63$ yesrs, and $34.08{\pm}3.66$ years in male. The mean BMI of female was $20.83{\pm}2.74$, and $24.36{\pm}3.03$ in male. The most common occupation of female was profession, administration, management.The primary infertility was 52.9% and the secondary infertility 47.1%. The most common past history in female was laparotomy. The mean duration of infertility was $3.32{\pm}2.5$ years and $3.9{\pm}2.63$ years in female and male. 83.6% of secondary infertility women experienced abortion. The incidence of patients with both combinded infertility factors of female and male was the most highest, and the most common single factor was ovulatory. 92.4% of female patients took sterility tests, 71.0% of male patients took semen analysis. 50.8% female took ovulation induction, IUI, IVF before coming. 8.91% of female and 72.14% of male were accompanied by their spouse. 61.2% of female took sterility test with their spouse. Female's duration of treatment was longer than man's. The most reliable source of choices was encouragement of family members, acquaintance. Conclusion : In this study, we presented staus concerend with infertility and the characteristics of patients went to oriental hospital. Furthermore, the study about oriental treatments and the results of that treatments is required.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.120.1-120.1
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• 2005

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 1994

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) was known as effective method in treatments of couples who unable to be helped by conventional in vitro fertilization. In 78 treatment cycles of 78 infertile couples using ICSI performed at our infertility clinic between May and August 1994 were analyzed. These patients were classified two groups, andrological factor(AF) and non-andrological factor(non-AF) group. The AF group, which had abnormal sperm physiology, included oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, oligoasthenoteratozoospermia(OATS) and microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration(MESA) patients. The non-AF group, which had abnormal oocyte physiology, included abnormal zona pellucida, poor quality of oocyte and immune factor infertile patients. A single spermatozoon was injected into the ooplasm of 776 metaphase II oocytes. The fertilization rate was 44.6%(346/776) and 319 embryos were transferred. After 73 embryo transfers(93.6% of treatment cycles) 23 pregnancies were estabilshed, i. e. pregnancy rate of 29.4% per started cycle and 31.5% per embryo transfer. Fertilization rate of AF and non-AF group was 46.2% and 35.8%, pregnancy rate was 34.5%(20/58) and 20.0%(3/15), respectively. In order to increase the pregnancy rate, assisted hatching(AHA) has done after lCSl in 47 treatment cycles. Pregnancy rate of ICSI with AHA and without AHA group was 34. 0% (16/47) and 26.9%(7/26), respectively. ICSI was more effective in andrological factor infertility and the pregnancy rate was increased by ICSI with AHA procedure.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 1997

The aim of present study was to determine the efficacy of immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes for unexplained infertility. It has been apparent that reproductive success may be affected by the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. Unexplained infertility and repeated pregnancy wastage has been reported in the presence of abnormal autoantibodies. These data suffest that abnormal immune function may be an important pathologic entity contributing subfertility in patients with unexplained infertility. Therefore, immunotherapy may be a possible treatment modality for patients with unexplained infertility. Some investigators have reported that a proportion of infertile couples with repeatedly unsuccessful ET showed close histocompatibility similar to those of spontaneous recurrent abortion. Recently, it has been noted that immunotherapy with paternal lymphocytes achieves a high efficacy in preventing subsequent abortion in women with primary recurrent abortion of unknown cause, which was mediated by immune reaction including blocking antibody. To substantiate the hypothesis, we applied immunotherapy preceding Peritoneal Oocyte and Sperme transfer (POST) to 43 patients, 47 cycles of 82 patients, 89 cycles with at least three previous IUI failure from April, 1993 to February, 1995. There were no significant differences between treatment and control group in clinical response and hormonal response to controlled hyperstimulation. there was no significant difference between treatment and control group in pregnant rates per cycles (42.6% versus 28.6%), but a significantly lower abortion rate per pregnancy in treatment group, with 10.0% (2/20) compared with 50.03% (6/12) in control group. This study may suggest that immune therapy for patients with unexplained infertility with paternal lymphocytes might be beneficial.