• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2021

Purpose: This study analyzed the architectural planning factors of the ward in infectious disease hospitals, such as functional unit planning, ward configurations, spatial compositions & circulation, and detailed architectural planning. Through these, the facility guidelines of infectious disease hospitals are summarized, focusing on the differences from the wards of non-infectious hospitals. Methods: This study was conducted by literature review of research reports, papers, design cases, and guidelines, based on the experiences of field surveys for infectious disease hospitals. Results: The result of this study can be summarized into a few points. 1) Infectious disease hospitals need to establish an operation plan with the concept of continuity of care, as an extension of existing facilities. 2) The types of ward configuration for infectious disease hospitals has many variables, so an appropriate type should be selected according to the hospital's operating policy. 3) Various spatial composition types of the ward can be planned by the arrangement of traffic cores and areas of patient groups. At this time, the main planning considerations are safety, efficiency, and comfort. 4) As elements of the detailed plan, It is necessary to consider the types & dimensions of patient rooms, the relationships between nursing stations & sub-stations, and supplementations of medical support functions & convenience facilities. Implications: Since there are many differences in function from the ward of non-infectious hospitals, appropriate facility guidelines for infectious disease hospital are required.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제83권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

Background: Infectious conditions may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factor for combined infectious disease and its influence on mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Patients with PE diagnosed based on spiral computed tomography findings of the chest were retrospectively analyzed. They were classified into two groups: patients who developed PE in the setting of infectious disease or those with PE without infection based on review of their medical charts. Results: Of 258 patients with PE, 67 (25.9%) were considered as having PE combined with infectious disease. The sites of infections were the respiratory tract in 52 patients (77.6%), genitourinary tract in three patients (4.5%), and hepatobiliary tract in three patients (4.5%). Underlying lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.926-7.081; p<0.001), bed-ridden state (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.390-5.811; p=0.004), and malignant disease (OR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.017-3.425; p=0.044) were associated with combined infectious disease in patients with PE. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with PE combined with infectious disease than in those with PE without infection (24.6% vs. 11.0%, p=0.006). In the multivariate analysis, combined infectious disease (OR, 4.189; 95% CI, 1.692-10.372; p=0.002) were associated with non-survivors in patients with PE. Conclusion: A substantial portion of patients with PE has concomitant infectious disease and it may contribute a mortality in patients with PE.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to provide basic data for the future construction plans of the Infectious Disease Hospitals by analyzing the area composition and required room ratios in the wards and ICU of currently under-construction infectious disease hospitals. Methods: 3 Methods have been used in this paper. 1) This study conducted a literature review on major considerations and related guidelines for hospitals specializing in infectious diseases using existing data. 2) Based on the objects and activities of the hospital space, zones and areas were set for each department according to infection control. 3) Based on the established zones and areas, basic plan drawings of three hospitals specializing in infectious diseases currently under construction were collected and architectural drawing analysis was performed. Results: 1) Infectious Diseases Hospital must have a spatial organization that can accommodate patient isolation, infection control, efficiency of medical service, and changes. 2) Zones for infection control are divided into negative pressure and non-negative pressure zones based on airborne precaution isolation. It is divided into clean and contaminated zone according to class of cleanliness by Aseptic technique. Areas are classified by objects (patients, healthcare workers, supplies) and activities (access, medical treatment, support), and a system for organizing space is established based on this. 3) By analyzing the area composition of each departmental area, each required room, and each required space in the wards and intensive care units, it provides basic data for the spatial organization for architectural planning of the infectious disease hospital. Implication: It can be used as basic data when planning related facilities by analyzing the characteristics of the space plan of the required room according to the relationship between activities, movement lines, and operation plans based on user behavior.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

Purpose: Since infectious disease hospitals are premised on emergency operations, the operational efficiency of secured personnel, equipment, facilities, etc. is relatively low. In order to increase such normal operational efficiency, it is necessary to flexibly operate facilities and operations during normal and emergency times. The purpose of this study is to suggest the architectural planning method focusing on the space composition and circulation of the regional infectious disease hospital which can increase the operational efficiency in the private hospitals. Methods: Through literature review, functional requirements of infectious disease hospitals were identified, and related personnels inter-views and field surveys were conducted to understand the spatial composition and circulation requirements of infectious disease hospitals. Results: Through the complete separation between the negative pressure zone and the general zone, even when the negative pressure zone is completely closed, the general zone should be operated separately to achieve operational efficiency. In addition, the separation of the negative pressure zone and the general zone should simultaneously consider the optimal space configuration and movement for each function while the zone settings match in the floor plan of each department and the overall cross-sectional configuration of the hospital. Implications: Infectious disease hospitals intended to be installed in private hospitals should not apply excessive space just for safety reasons and should plan to ensure their operational efficiency.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2024

This study investigated the outpatient departments of Infectious Disease Hospitals by Region, which play an important role in establishing regional medical networking, to find a spatial structure that can provide a safe environment for efficient diagnosis and treatment, as well as a rational medical procedure in case of crisis. Department layout and adjacencies were derived by considering the access procedures according to patient classification, medical procedures by department, and connectivity with other departments. Based on the results derived by setting up zones according to infection control, activities, and objects, and analyzing the division of zones, the composition of areas by activities, movement flows by objects and treatment units, it can be used as basic data for the architectural plan of the Infectious Disease Hospital. Also, there are implications that can be used as basic data for planning related facilities by analyzing spatial relationships according to user behavior.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4367-4372
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• 2014

We here document discovery of expression profile of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and changes in the course of disease. The study population was composed of 75 outpatient HBV cases and 15 healthy control cases. Peripheral blood samples were collected for separation of mononuclear cells. Levels of MDSCs labeled with Lin-DR-CD11b+CD33+ obtained from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), were revealed to have significant differences between the CHB and other groups. They were 0.414% for health control cases and 0.226% for CHB cases (Z=-2.356, p=0.0189). It also observed that the group of HBeAg positive cases had significant difference in MDSCs/PBMC median ($X^2=11.877$, p=0.003), compared with group of HBeAg negative cases and the healthy control group. It suggested considerable MDSCs might be involved in HBeAg immune tolerance. In addition, negative correlations between MDSCs/PBMC and parameters of ALT, AST and TBil, while positive correlation between MDSCs/PBMC and ALB parameter were found. Multiple comparisons between the four phases and health control phase again, there was a statistically sifnificant difference ($X^2=17.198$, p=0.002). Taken together, these findings may provide a new immunotherapy strategy for reduced the expression levels of MDSCs in CHB patients, through induction of an autoimmune response to virus removal.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2022

Plasmodium vivax exhibits dormant liver-stage parasites, called hypnozoites, which can cause relapse of malaria. The only drug currently used for eliminating hypnozoites is primaquine. The antimalarial properties of primaquine are dependent on the production of oxidized metabolites by the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6). Reduced primaquine metabolism may be related to P. vivax relapses. We describe a case of 4 episodes of recurrence of vivax malaria in a patient with decreased CYP2D6 function. The patient was 52-year-old male with body weight of 52 kg. He received total gastrectomy and splenectomy 7 months before the first episode and was under chemotherapy for the gastric cancer. The first episode occurred in March 2019 and each episode had intervals of 34, 41, and 97 days, respectively. At the first and second episodes, primaquine was administered as 15 mg for 14 days. The primaquine dose was increased with 30 mg for 14 days at the third and fourth episodes. Seven gene sequences of P. vivax were analyzed and revealed totally identical for all the 4 samples. The CYP2D6 genotype was analyzed and intermediate metabolizer phenotype with decreased function was identified.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.414-421
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• 2004

This is a reprospective study on the care of odontogenic infections in admission patients with geriatric diseases. The study was based on a series of 480 patients at Dong San Medical Center, Wonju Christian Hospital and Il San Health Insurance Hospital, From Jan. 1, 2000, to Dec. 31, 2002. The Obtained results were as follows: 1. The systemic malignant tumor was the most frequent cause of the geriatric diseases with odontogenic infectious diseases, and refractory lung disease, systemic heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, bone & joint disease, senile psychologic disease were next in order of frequency. 2. Male prediction(57.5%) was existed in the odontogenic infectious patients with geriatric diseases. But, there were female prediction in senile psychologic disease, systemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. 3. The most common age group of the odontogenic infectious patient with geriatric disease was the sixty decade(47.9%), followed by the seventy & eighty decade in order. 4. In the contents of chief complaints on the odontogenic infectious patients with geriatric disease, peak incidence was occurred as toothache(52.7%), followed by extraction wish, tooth mobility, oral bleeding, oral ulcer, fracture of restoration, gingival swelling in order. 5. In the diagnosis group of odontogenic infectious diseases, periodontitis, pulpitis & periapical abscess were more common. 6. In the treatment group of odontogenic infectious diseases, the most frequent incidence(34.2%) was showed in primary endodontic treatment (pulp extirpation, occlusal reduction and canal opening drainage) and followed by scaling, incision & drainage, only drugs, pulp capping, restoration in order.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• 제59권9호
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2018

Purpose: To explore the influence of S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) knockout (KO) on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Materials and Methods: S100A4 KO mice (n=20) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (n=20) were randomly divided into KO/MCD, Ko/methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS), WT/MCD, and WT/MCS groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood lipid and liver function-related indexes were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and Masson stainings were used to observe the changes of liver histopathology. Additionally, expressions of S100A4 and proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, while hepatocyte apoptosis was revealed by TUNEL staining. Results: Serum levels of aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice were increased after 8-week MCD feeding, and hepatocytes performed varying balloon-like changes with increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fibers; however, these effects were improved in mice of KO/MCD group. Meanwhile, total NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis were lower compared to WT+MCD group. Compared to WT/MCS group, S100A4 expression in liver tissue of WT/MCD group was enhanced. The expression of proinflammatory ($TGF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) and profibrogenic cytokines ($TGF-{\beta}1$, COL1A1, ${\alpha}-SMA$) in MCD-induced NAFLD mice were increased, as well as apoptotic index (AI). For MCD group, the expressions of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and AI in KO mice were lower than those of WT mice. Conclusion: S100A4 was detected to be upregulated in NAFLD, while S100A4 KO alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation, in addition to inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1416-1435
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• 2021

Non-infectious granulomatous lung disease represents a diverse group of disorders characterized by pulmonary opacities associated with granulomatous inflammation, a relatively nonspecific finding commonly encountered by pathologists. Some lesions may present a diagnostic challenge because of nonspecific imaging features; however, recognition of the various imaging manifestations of these disorders in conjunction with patients' clinical history, such as age, symptom onset and duration, immune status, and presence of asthma or cutaneous lesions, is imperative for narrowing the differential diagnosis and determining appropriate management of this rare group of disorders. In this pictorial review, we describe the pathologic findings of various non-infectious granulomatous lung diseases as well as the radiologic features and high-resolution computed tomography imaging features.