• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.94-101
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• 1987

Enterobiasis is common helminthic infections found in man. But control of this disease is still troublesome because of its difficulty in the d diagnosis and prevention of infection. Considering the difficulty of accurate diagnosis of pinworm infection, which is very common and somewhat pathogenic, reevaluation of cellotape anal swab method for the diagnosis of enterobiasis was performed. A total of 147 children ranging the ages of 1-12 years in 3 orphanages in the suburbs of Seoul, Korea was subjected for this study. Repeated cellotape anal swabs were carried out against 70 children, 7 times for 3 days interval, in the morning 6am. Finally 10 mg/kg body weight pyrantel pamoates were given to all children including egg negative cases and whole stools of 3 following successive days were collected for the confirmation of residual worm ourden at the time of treatment. Cellotape anal swabs were also performed to another 77 children at 6am, 3pm, 9pm, twice for 3 days interval. The resultant findings were summarized as follows; 1) While the each time average detection rate of Enterobius egg was 28.8% in this study group, the accumulative detection rate up to 7th examination was 62.8%. The accumulative detection rate rose continuously up to 6th examination. 2) After administration of pyrantel pamoate 10 mg/kg body weight, final infection rate was increased to 72.9% by adding worm positive cases who didn't show any evidence of infection in the cellotape anal swabs. 3) Although pinworms were detected in 35 among 70 children treated, 7 cases (20%) of them were egg negative cases in 7 consecutive cellotape anal swabs. 4) Pinworms were expelleded in 14 (87.5%) among 16 children whose swab result was positive in the last examination which was done concurrently with drug administration. 5) Estimated infection rate calculated by best asymptotically normal estimate of Neuman from Moriya's modification revealed 71.5% similar to 72.9% of present results. 6) The result of anal swab performed at 6am was higher than that of 3pm or 8pm. In conclusion, cellotape anal swab method for Enterobius vermicularis infection was considered as method having relatively high positive accuracy. However to gain the reliable infection rate, at least 6 examination is required in the group with 25-30% infection rate by single swab. Moriya's modification of Neuman could be used efficiently in the mass control of this diease for the estimation of true infection rate of E. vermicularis in the sampled population.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 1985

To evaluate the parasitic infection rates among inhabitants in urban area of Seoul, Korea, a total of 5,275 stool and anal swab specimens was obtained from 2,527 male and Z,748 female living in 24 Dongs of 17 Kus. Cases were sampled randomely to represent 1,000 inhabitants refereed to the census in 1980. The methods employed were formalin ether technique to detect helminth ova and protozoan cysts and scotch tape anal swab technique to detect eggs of Enterobius vermicularis. The results obtained are as follows ; 1) Total positive rate of helminthes was 23.5% among 5,275 (male 22.5% and female 24.5%) specimens. Nine kinds of the helminthes were detected and infection rates of each helminth were; Ascaris lumbricoides 4.1%, Hookworm 0.1%, Trichuris trichiura 11.1%, Trichostrongylus orientalis 0.1%. Clonorchis sinensis 1.2%, Metagonimus yokogawai 0.1%, Taenia spp. 0.2%, Hymenolepis nana 0.3 and Enterobius vermicularis 9.6%. 2) Total positive rate of intestinal protozoa was 1.4%. Four kinds of the protozoan cysts were detected and the infection rates of each protozoa were; Entamoeba histolytica 0.15%, E. coli 0.4%, Endolimax nana 0.04% and Giardia lamblia 0.89%. 3) No significant differences in the parasitic infection rate by sex was noticed although male group showed lower infection rate than female group. However the incidence of C. sinensis, M. yokogawai and Taenia spp. was twice as much in female group as in male group. 4) No difference in the infection rate by age was found although E. vermicularis positive rate was highest in "0~9 years group" by 2.1% and C. sinensis infection rate was higher in over "30~39 years group". The parasitic infection rate of the present study was significantly lower than those of previous reports in Seoul area and other provinces.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권sup2호
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• pp.216-220
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• 2001

Objective : Cranioplasty is required to protect underlying brain, to correct major aesthetic deformities, or both. The ideal material for this purpose is autogenous bone. When this is not available, alloplastic or artificial materials may be used. In this study authors compared the infection rate according to the cranioplasty materials(the frozen autologous bone vs. bone cement), and duration of the skull defect. Materials : Between May 1994 and December 1999, 111 patients with skull defect treated with cranioplasty(82 cases of frozen autologous bone and 29 cases of artificial bone material) were included in this study. There were 77 males and 34 females with a mean age of 41.4 years(range 1-85 years). 57 patients had head trauma and 54 had non-traumatic insults. According to the duration of skull defect, there were 28 cases under 1 month, 33 cases of 1-2 months, 15 cases of 2-3 months, 20 cases of 3-6 months and 15 cases over 6 months of duration. Results : Overall infection rate was 9.9%. In cases with frozen autologous bone and artificial bone material, the infection rate was 8.5% and 13.7%, respectively. The infection rate according to the duration of skull defect was 3.6%(among 28 cases) under 1 month of age, while those were 12%(4 among 33 cases) at 1-2 months, 20%(3 among 15 cases) at 2-3 months, 5%(1 among 20 cases) at 3-6 months and 13%(2 among 15 cases) over 6 months. Accoring to the underlying disease, the infection rate in traumatic cases was 12%(7 among 57 cases) and that in non-traumatic one was 3.7%(2 among 54 cases). Conclusion : From this study, it appears that skull defect should be repaired as soon as possible, because early cranioplasty can lower the infection rate. And surgeons could save the patients' cranial bone as possible as they can because autologous bone is not only cost effective in cosmatic purpose but lower the infection rate.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of the exchange of saline used in surgical procedures on surgical site infections. Method: Patients with stomach cancer were assigned to the experimental group or to the control group by random sampling, respectively. The experimental group received an exchange of saline during the operation right after the excision of the stomach in a gastrectomy but the control group did not. Data were collected from the medical charts of 34 patients from Dec. 1, 2002 through May 31, 2003. Result: The surgical site infection rate of the experimental group was 5.9% while surgical site infection rate of the control group was 17.6%. In total, the surgical site infection rate was 11.8%. The experimental group maintained a normal level of WBC on post operative day 3; however, the control group, showed an increase of WBC on post operative day 3. Conclusion: The exchange of saline used in an operation immediately after the excision of the stomach in a gastrectomy decreases the contamination level of saline used in the operation, and can prevent surgical patients from a surgical site infection.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.435-445
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to examine whether VRE infection control strategies have an effect on the decrease in incidence rates for VRE acquisition and VRE nosocomial infection in ICU. Methods: All the patients were examined for VRE carriers on ICU admission. Among them, patients hospitalized for over 48 hours were investigated for VRE acquisition rates and VRE nosocomial infection rate using VRE infection control strategies in ICU for the experimental group from September 2007 to April 2008. Before that, incidence of VRE acquisition and VRE nosocomial infection for the control group without Intervention were investigated from May to August 2007 retrospectively. Results: VRE acquisition rate in clinical specimens was 0.6% in the experimental group, that was significantly lower when compared to the control group. VRE carrier rate at admission to ICU was 15.4%. Out of 182 VRE carriers, 180 patients were identified by the active surveillance culture. Conclusion: These results suggested that active surveillance culture at admission was considered to be an essential measure for detection of VRE carrier. But without strict isolation and adherence rating after each intervention, hand washing and contact isolation alone did not significantly decrease VRE nosocomial infection, although it did significantly decrease incidence of VRE acquired from clinical specimen.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.63-67
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• 2012

Mosquitoes are the vectors of a number of viral diseases in cattle, such as Akabane disease, bovine ephemeral fever, Ainovirus infection, Chuzan virus infection, and Ibaraki disease. These diseases are transmitted from an infected animal to a non-infected host via the blood feeding of the vector. In Korea, the National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Services, Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries is responsible for planning, implementation, laboratory investigations and reporting the results of the national surveillance program for mosquito-borne bovine diseases (MBD). The surveillance program, which was started in 1993, focused to determine the seroprevalence of each disease in cattle herds in space and time. From the epidemiological point of view, more important component of the surveillance program is to monitor infection rates in vectors for specific pathogens because this information is essential for a more precise understanding the dynamics of these diseases in a given environment and for determining risk of transmission. The aim of this study was to describe and compare methods for estimation of vector infection rates using maximum likelihood (MLE) and minimum infection rate in pooled samples. Factors affecting MLE such as number of pools, pooling size and diagnostic test performance are also discussed, assuming some hypothetical sampling scenarios for MBD.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.255-266
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• 1999

This study was done to analyze the effects of a smear in the nasal cavity against nosocomial Infection. The smear used was mupirocin, and the study centered on infection which constitutes the majority of nosocomial infections called MRSA. The data were collected between March 23 1998 and June 31 of the same year in a university hospital in the Kyongi Province, and is made up of a experimental group of 14 patients who were given nasal cavity smears and a control group of 16 patients who were not given nasal cavity smears. The data were analyzed through frequency and the Chi-square tests and gave forth these results. 1. Of the experimental group 28.6% developed nosocomial infections while 62.5% of the control group developed infections. This difference was significant. 2. In the experimental group, all of the patients developed infections within the first week in the ICU, while 80% of the control group developed infections in the first week and 20% in the second week. The difference was not as marked here. 3. In the experimental group the DM group 66.7% contracted MRSA while 18.2% developed it in the non-DM group showing that the DM group had infection rate was 3.7 times higher than the non-DM groups. In the control group the DM group had a 100% infection rate while 50% of the non-DM group developed it. Overall the DM group's rate infection was 2.4 times higher than the non-DM group. 4. In the experimental group, 37.55% of the patients who had a tracheostomy developed it while 16.7% of the patients who did not have a tracheostomy developed infections. In the control group, 62.5% of the patients who had tracheostomy, and 37.5% of the patients who did not have tracheostomies developed infections. Those who had tracheostomies, and the control group had double the rate contracting infections. From these results we can see that nasal cavity smears are effective against nosocomial infections. In spite of the smears, patients with the diabetes mellitus had a high MRSA infection rate, which requires new alternative treatments.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2009

Purpose: The effectiveness of an infection control program is important to hospital quality improvement and decreases of mortality rate and prevalence. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen causing nosocomial infection. The aim of the study was to identify the most important risk factors for acquiring an MRSA, to evaluate the MRSA incidence rates after the nursing intervention in Neurosurgery intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: Clinical data were collected prospectively from December 2008 until July 2009 in Neurosurgery ICU. The patients were divided into preintervention and postintervention groups. An infection was defined as an MRSA if it occurred 48 hr after admission to the Unit. Infection control program including hand washing, education of health care workers about MRSA, standard precaution and contact isolation of patients were applied for three month. Results: A total of 85 patients were included in the study. Forty-five patients of S. aurerus were detected. Among 45 of S. aurerus, MRSA were isolated from 38 patients. The incidence MRSA rate of postintervention group was 26.9% while incidence MRSA rate of preintervention group was 66.7%. In total, The incidence MRSA rate was 44.7%. The incidence of MRSA have decreased in the postintervention as compared with the preintervention group. Conclusion: The infection control program for MRSA was effective to decrease the MRSA isolation rate. The health care workers regular hand washing, education of nosocomial infection control is important enough to be emphasized.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.71-79
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• 1977

An epidemiological study of clonorchiasis sinensis and paragonimiasis westermani prevailed among the people of a rural county. The author studied the infection rates of of clonorchiasis sinensis and paragonimiasis westermanl in the inhabitants of Chungsong Gun, Kyungbuk Province, Korea. The examinations were carried out from March 1965 to November 1965 fowards 1.303 inhabitants whose ages were ranging from three months to over sixty years. All the inhabitants were tested intradermally with clonorchis and paragonimus antigen and then confirmed the eggs by M. G. L. technique and sputum test. The results of the examination were summarized as follows : 1. Out of the persons tested, 15.8% were infected with clonorchiasis sinensis. 2. Out of the persons tested with paragonimus antigen, 20.9% were infected with Paragonimus westermani. 3. The infection rate of paragonimiasis was higher than that of clonorchiasis. 4. The infection rate of clonorchiasis in male was 20.8% (147 out of 706), while that in female was 7.1% (58 out of 597). The infection rate of paragonimiasis in male was 21.2% (150 out of 706), while that in female was 20.1% (120 out of 597). 5. The maximum infection rates of clonorchiasis and paragonimiasis were observed among the $45{\sim}49$ age group (65.2% and 43.5%) respectively), however it was gradually decreased in the senile group. 6. By occupation, the maximum infection rate of clonorchiasis was observed in policemen (45.7%) and the maximum carrier of eggs (by sputum test) was observed in the unemployed (paragonimiasis). 7. By education, the maximum infection rate of clonorchiasis was observed in the unepmloyed (28.9%) and the maximum carrier of eggs (by sputum test) was observed in the unemployed (paragnoimiasis).

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 1987

131개 잣나무털녹병피해임지에 설정된 221개조사구를 대상으로 피해율과 이와 관련된 8개임지환경요인을 조사하였고, 피해율과 환경인자와의 관계는 다변량해석법으로 분석하였다. 잣나무털녹병발생에 영향하는 인자의 순위는 본병의 중간기주식물인 송이풀류의 분포밀도, 임지표고, 잣나무의 임령, 임지방위, 기타의 순으로 나타났다. 송이풀류의 분포밀도는 발병율과 가장 관계가 깊은 인자로서 특히 잣나무 임지내에 자생하는 송이풀류가 크게 영향하였고 잣나무임지에서 100m이상 외랑으로 격리된 경우에는 거의 영향하지 않았다. 임지표고는 높을수록 피해가 심하였으며 온습도조건이 유리한 1,000m이상의 산항부에 가장 발병율이 높았다. 잣나무임령은 10년생이하의 치수에서 가장 발병율이 높았고, 임령이 증가할수록 감소하여 16년생이상목에서는 아주 경미하였다. 임지방위별로는 동, 북동향과 서, 남서향에서 피해율이 높았고, 남, 남동향과 북, 북서향에서 낮았다. 무기타임지의 피해율은 지하고 60cn이상의 기타임지보다 높았다.