• 제목/요약/키워드: Infection control practices

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감염증 환자에서 vancomycin, teicoplanin 투여례에 대한 연구 - 항균제 투여의 적응증 평가 - (Study on patients of infectious diseases administered with vancomycin or teicoplanin - Assessment of fitness of antimicrobial administration -)

  • 장철훈;손한철;황규연;박광옥;양웅석
    • 한국의료질향상학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.26-35
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    • 1997
  • Background : Glycopeptide antibiotics are the only drugs for treatment of infections due to beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. As the incidence of infection and colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE) rapidly increases, the hospital infection control practices advisory committee(HICPAC) recommends prudent vancomycin use to detect, prevent and control infection and colonization with VRE. Methods : The inpatients admitted from September to December, 1996 in Pusan National University Hospital, with Gram-positive bacterial infections were evaluated retrospectively to see whether the administrations of glycopeptide antibiotics were appropriate or not, upon comparison with the recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomycin resistance by HICPAC. Results : Teicoplanin has been chosen more frequently than vancomycin of the glycopeptide antibiotics. The indications of administration of glycopeptides in patients with pneumonia, wound infections, sepsis, and in febrile or neutropenic patients with malignancies were appropriate, but the use of glycopeptides for elimination of merely colonized bacteria in the oral cavity could not be excluded. Inappropriate use of glycopeptides was 10.6%, and inappropriately long-term use without positive culture for beta-lactam-resistant Gram-positive organisms was about 40% of total days of drug use. Conclusion : It seems essential for the quality assurance committee to make a plan in teaching the HICPAC recommendations to the medical practitioners who prescribed the glycopeptides inappropriately or used for irrelevantly long to his patient, monitor and survey their use of glycopeptides prospectively and periodically, and if there are repeated inappropriate prescriptions, a certain penalty would be given to the practitioners.

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Effects of Some Pesticides on Development of Ascaris suum Eggs

  • Yu, Yong-Man;Kim, Jin-Won;Na, Won-Seok;Youn, Young-Nam;Choi, In-Wook;Lee, Young-Ha
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 2014
  • To evaluate the effects of pesticides to parasite eggs, Ascaris suum eggs were incubated with 5 different pesticides (1:1,500-1:2,000 dilutions of 2% emamectin benzoate, 5% spinetoram, 5% indoxacarb, 1% deltamethrin, and 5% flufenoxuron; all v/v) at $20^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks, and microscopically evaluated the egg survival and development on a weekly basis. The survival rate of A. suum eggs incubated in normal saline (control eggs) was $90{\pm}3%$ at 6 weeks. However, the survival rates of eggs treated with pesticides were 75-85% at this time, thus significantly lower than the control value. Larval development in control eggs commenced at 3 weeks, and $73{\pm}3%$ of eggs had internal larvae at 6 weeks. Larvae were evident in pesticide-treated eggs at 3-4 weeks, and the proportions of eggs carrying larvae at 6 weeks ($36{\pm}3%-54{\pm}3%$) were significantly lower than that of the control group. Thus, pesticides tested at levels similar to those used in agricultural practices exhibited low-level ovicidal activity and delayed embryogenesis of A. suum eggs, although some differences were evident among the tested pesticides.

코로나19 시대의 보육: 어린이집의 운영 실태와 과제 (Child Care in the Covid-19 Era: Operation and Tasks of Child Care Centers)

  • 신나리;김상림;이주연;송승민;백선정
    • 한국보육지원학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.1-27
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    • 2021
  • Objective: Covid-19 is changing many aspects of child care programs. The objective of this study was to explore how the pandemic and mitigation efforts affected the experiences and practices at child care centers in the summer of 2020. Methods: Focus group interviews and mobile surveys were conducted with principals and teachers of child care centers in August and September 2020. Descriptive statistics including frequency distributions, means and standard deviations and mean differences were used to analyze the survey data with SPSS 22.0. Results: It was found that each sector of child care settings experienced different difficulties and had various needs. Young children's lack of energy, child care teachers' workload and stress, and principles' efforts to interrupt transmission of the infectious disease based on insufficient government guideline and supports were revealed as the main experiences. Conclusion/Implications: The Covid-19 pandemic has had a tandem of influences on daily life at child care centers. As policy makers consider additional guidelines or supports measures to prevent the infection and spread of Covid-19 at child care centers, long-term as well as short-term plans at various levels should be considered to meet the unique needs of child care programs.

간호대학생의 의료관련 감염관리를 위한 표준주의 안전환경과 인지도, 수행도 (Nursing Students' Safety-Climate, Perception and Performance of Standard Precautions for Healthcare-associated Infection Control)

  • 차지은;조지영;김유경;남국희;이서영;이선영;이아림;이지예;채수빈
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권8호
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    • pp.72-83
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 임상실습 중인 간호대학생을 대상으로 의료관련 감염관리를 위한 표준주의 안전환경과 표준주의 인지도, 수행도 정도를 파악하고 표준주의 수행도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 시도 되었다. 2016년 7월부터 9월까지 D광역시의 9개 간호대학에서 3, 4학년생 246명에게 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구결과 표준주의 안전환경은 7점 만점에 4.63점이었고, 표준주의 인지도는 5점 만점에 4.67점, 표준주의 수행도는 3.79점으로 인지도에 비해 수행도가 유의하게 낮았다. 인지도와 수행도의 차이가 가장 큰 영역은 개인 보호구와 안전한 주사행위영역 이였다. 표준주의의 안전환경은 수행도와 유의한 양의 상관관계, 인지도와 수행도도 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 표준주의 수행도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 안전환경과 학년으로 10.7%의 설명력을 보였다. 따라서 간호대학생의 의료관련 감염관리를 높이기 위해서는 전통적인 방법의 인지교육과 함께 표준주의 수행도를 높일 수 있는 안전환경의 구축이 필요하다. 감염관리에 보다 지지적인 실습환경의 조성이 요구되며 시뮬레이션 수업과 같은 새로운 교육 전략과 병원과 학교의 상호협력 시스템을 통한 안전환경구축을 위한 노력 등을 확대해 나가야 할 것이다.

수용개작방법을 활용한 의료기관의 격리주의지침 개발 (Adaptation of Isolation Guidelines for Health Care Settings)

  • 류재금;정재심;정인숙;김정혜;홍은영;김향숙;정영선;권정순;이지영;최지연;김경숙;김은현;차경숙;김은진;박경희;서현주
    • 임상간호연구
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.209-226
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: This purpose of this study was to develop evidence-based practice guideline for isolation in health care settings to prevent transmission of infectious diseases utilizing guideline adaption process. Methods: The process of guideline adaptation was performed according to the Korean hospital nurses association's guideline adaptation manual which consisted of three main phases, 9 modules, and 24 steps. Results: The adapted isolation guideline consisted of introduction, overview of isolation guideline, summary of recommendations, recommendations, references, and appendices. The guideline includes 224 recommendations in 4 sections which are organizational administration, standard precautions, transmission-based precautions, and education/counselling. Conclusion: The adapted isolation guideline is recommended to be disseminated and utilized by nurses and clinicians nationwide to improve the isolation practices for infected or colonized patients with communicable diseases and to decrease the transmission of infections in the healthcare settings.

장애아동 전신마취에 대한 Critical Pathway적용 (CRITICAL PATHWAY ON GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR DISABLED CHILDREN)

  • 금진은;이수진;허정애;정태성
    • 대한장애인치과학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.80-86
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    • 2007
  • A critical pathway (CP) defines the optimal care process, sequencing and timing of intervention by multi-disciplinary health care teams for a particular diagnosis and procedure. It plays an important role as a cost-effective health care delivery system and a tool for quality control of medical and dental services by means of standardizing medical practices. The aim of this study is to investigate the satisfaction of patients and medical/dental staff after implementation of a critical pathway for dental treatment of disabled children under general anesthesia and its cost effectiveness. Ten patients who underwent dental treatment under general anesthesia were included in the CP group between August and December 2006. The pre-CP group included 20 patients who underwent the same procedure from February 2003. The satisfaction of parent of child patient and medical staff members were compared between two groups. The parents' satisfaction was significantly improved after the implementation of CP and medical/dental staff members were highly satisfied with the usefulness of the critical pathway. In conclusion, the critical pathway for the dental treatment of disabled treatment under general anesthesia can highly improve the satisfaction of parents and medical/ dental staff members.

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A seroepidemiological survey of Taenia solium cysticercosis in Nabo, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China

  • CHUNG Joon-Yong;EOM Keeseon S.;YANG Yichao;LI Xenming;FENG Zheng;RIM Han-Jong;CHO Seung-Yull;KONG Yoon
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제43권4호
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2005
  • We have observed the seropositive rate of Taenia solium cysticercosis in residents at Nabo Village, Tiandong County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The village had been found to be a relatively high endemic area of porcine cysticercosis among roaming pigs. Of 202 persons examined four males aged 15, 25, 35 and 41 year-old exhibited absorbance (abs) at 0.18, 0.20, 0.35 and 0.55, respectively. In addition, two females whose ages were 35 and 39 years revealed specific antibody levels of abs 0.26 and 0.41 in their sera. Overall positive rate among the people was $2.97\%$. All of these persons agreed that they had ingested the pork infected with T. solium metacestode (TsM), while history of proglottid discharge was not noticed from all of them. Three males and one female complained of intermittent headache. Our findings reinforced not only that the prevalence of cysticercosis might be related with roaming pigs infected with TsM but also that behavioral and environmental practices in local community constituted risk factors for transmission of the infection.

코로나 바이러스 대유행에 따른 치과 의료 관리 가이드라인 (Guidelines for dental clinic infection prevention during COVID-19 pandemic)

  • 김진
    • 대한치과의료관리학회지
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    • 제8권1호
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • Dental settings have unique characteristics that warrant specific infection control considerations, including (1) prioritizing the most critical dental services and provide care in a way that minimizes harm to patients due to delayed care, or harm to personnel from potential exposure to persons infected with the COVID-19 disease, and (2) proactively communicate to both personnel and patients the need for them to stay at home if sick. For health care, an interim infection prevention and control recommendation (COVID-19) is recommended for patients suspected of having coronavirus or those whose status has been confirmed. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19, is thought to be spread primarily between people who are in close contact with one another (within 6 feet) through respiratory droplets that are produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. Airborne transmission from person-to-person over long distances is unlikely. However, COVID-19 is a new disease, and there remain uncertainties about its mode of spreads and the severity of illness it causes. The virus has been shown to persist in aerosols for several hours, and on some surfaces for days under laboratory conditions. COVID-19 may also be spread by people who are asymptomatic. The practice of dentistry involves the use of rotary dental and surgical instruments, such as handpieces or ultrasonic scalers, and air-water syringes. These instruments create a visible spray that can contain particle droplets of water, saliva, blood, microorganisms, and other debris. While KF 94 masks protect the mucous membranes of the mouth and nose from droplet spatter, they do not provide complete protection against the inhalation of airborne infectious agents. If the patient is afebrile (temperature <100.4°F)* and otherwise without symptoms consistent with COVID-19, then dental care may be provided using appropriate engineering and administrative controls, work practices, and infection control considerations. It is necessary to provide supplies for respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, including alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) with 60%~95% alcohol, tissues, and no-touch receptacles for disposal, at healthcare facility entrances, waiting rooms, and patient check-ins. There is also the need to install physical barriers (e.g., glass or plastic windows) in reception areas to limit close contact between triage personnel and potentially infectious patients. Ideally, dental treatment should be provided in individual rooms whenever possible, with a spacing of at least 6 feet between the patient chairs. Further, the use of easy-to-clean floor-to-ceiling barriers will enhance the effectiveness of portable HEPA air filtration systems. Before and after all patient contact, contact with potentially infectious material, and before putting on and after removing personal protective equipment, including gloves, hand hygiene after removal is particularly important to remove any pathogens that may have been transferred to the bare hands during the removal process. ABHR with 60~95% alcohol is to be used, or hands should be washed with soap and water for at least 20 s.

여자 대학생의 손 씻기 의식과 실천에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Hand-washing Awareness and Practices of Female University Students)

  • 김종규;김중순
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.128-135
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    • 2009
  • 본 연구는 여자 대학생의 손 씻기 의식, 실천/이행, 그리고 그 차이를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 한 대학교의 여자 대학생들에 대하여 손 씻기 의식에 관한 설문조사를 수행하고, 동 대학교 캠퍼스 내의 화장실에서 손 씻기 실천/이행을 직접 관찰조사를 통하여 수행하였으며, 그 차이 여부를 검증하였다. 조사대상 여자 대학생들은 설문조사에서 손 씻기 빈도, 손 씻는 제제사용 여부, 손 씻는 부위/범위 및 손 말리는 방법 등에서 전공분야별로 차이를 보였으나 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기에 대한 의식에는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또 화장실 사용 후 손 씻기에 대한 의식(97.4%)과 실천/이행(98.2%)은 높은 편이었다. 그러나 설문조사에서 10초 이상 손을 씻는다는 응답(46.4%)에 비하여 관찰조사에서 실제로 10초 이상 씻은 사람은 6.3%에 불과하였다. 관찰조사에서 비누를 사용한 사람은 0.9%로 설문조사의 60.9%에 비하여 아주 저조하였고 손 씻는 부위/범위에 있어 네 부위를 씻은 사람도 0.9%에 불과하였다. 손을 씻은 후 말리는 방법으로는 설문조사와 관찰조사에서 모두 휴지/종이타올을 선호하였다. 손 씻는 시간, 비누 사용여부, 손 씻는 부위/범위 및 손 말리는 방법 등 주요항목에서 관찰조사와 설문조사 사이에 매우 유의한 차이가 나타나(p<0.01) 조사대상 여자 대학생들의 경우 손씻기 의식과 그 실천/이행에는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 손 씻기 행동을 대학 캠퍼스 이외의 화장실에서 장기간 관찰해볼 필요가 있다.

Biorisk Assessment of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Nigeria

  • Oladeinde, Bankole Henry;Omoregie, Richard;Odia, Ikponmwonsa;Osakue, Eguagie Osareniro;Imade, Odaro Stanley
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.100-104
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    • 2013
  • Background: The aim of this study was to assess public and private medical diagnostic laboratories in Nigeria for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and measures. Methods: A total of 80 diagnostic laboratories in biosafety level 3 were assessed for the presence of biosafety equipment, devices, and compliance rate with biosafety practices. A detailed questionnaire and checklist was used to obtain the relevant information from enlisted laboratories. Results: The results showed the presence of an isolated unit for microbiological work, leak-proof working benches, self-closing doors, emergency exits, fire extinguisher(s), autoclaves, and hand washing sinks in 21.3%, 71.3%, 15.0%, 1.3%, 11.3%, 82.5%, and 67.5%, respectively, of all laboratories surveyed. It was observed that public diagnostic laboratories were significantly more likely to have an isolated unit for microbiological work (p = 0.001), hand washing sink (p = 0.003), and an autoclave ($p{\leq}0.001$) than private ones. Routine use of hand gloves, biosafety cabinet, and a first aid box was observed in 35.0%, 20.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, of all laboratories examined. Written standard operating procedures, biosafety manuals, and biohazard signs on door entrances were observed in 6.3%, 1.3%, and 3.8%, respectively, of all audited laboratories. No biosafety officer(s) or records of previous spills, or injuries and accidents, were observed in all diagnostic laboratories studied. Conclusion: In all laboratories (public and private) surveyed, marked deficiencies were observed in the area of administrative control responsible for implementing biosafety. Increased emphasis on provision of biosafety devices and compliance with standard codes of practices issued by relevant authorities is strongly advocated.