• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2008

In this paper, the dyeing ability of the volcanic ash dyeing on cotton knitted fabrics were investigated. Acrylic copolymer was used to improve the depth of fabric color in the dyeing process. K/S values of dyed fabrics were measured to examine the dyeing properties. Two different classes of dyeing process were tested; (1) volcanic ash dyeing after pretreatment and (2) simultaneous co-treatment with volcanic ash and acrylic copolymer. In the first process, the effects of parameters such as the concentration of volcanic ash, concentration of Na2S04, dyeing time, dyeing temperature and pH of dyebath were noted. In the second process, the effects of parameters such as concentration of acrylic copolymer, dyeing time and temperature, and drying temperature were noted. Experimental results showed that the co-treatment of acrylic copolymer improved the dyeing properties of cotton knitted fabrics with volcanic ash. For the first dyeing experiment, concentration of dispersing agent was 0.1%, concentration of volcanic ash was 4%, treatment time was 20minutes, concentration of $Na_2SO_4$ was 2%, treatment temperature was $60^{\circ}C$ and treatment pH of dyebath was neutral. In the second dyeing experiment, concentration of acrylic copolymer was 2%, treatment temperature was $80^{\circ}C$, treatment time was 40 minutes, and treatment drying temperature was $150^{\circ}C$.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

본 연구는 컴퓨터 게임과 스트레칭이 근 긴장도와 집중도에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 연구하였다. 30명의 성인 대학생을 대상으로 120분 동안 컴퓨터 게임을 적용한 후, 스트레칭군 15명과 대조군 15명으로 분류하여 시행하였다. 실험 전에 근 긴장도와 집중도를 측정하였고, 동일한 방법으로 스트레칭 적용 전과 후에 측정하였다. 컴퓨터 게임 60분과 120분 후에 근긴장도를 각각 측정하였다. 연구결과 근 긴장도는 컴퓨터 게임 60분 후와 120분 후에 유의하게 증가하였으며, 스트레칭 중재군에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 집중도는 컴퓨터 게임 후에 유의하게 증가하였으며, 스트레칭 적용 후에는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 컴퓨터 게임이 근 긴장도와 집중도를 증가시키고, 스트레칭은 증가된 근 긴장도를 감소시켰다. 이에 컴퓨터 게임 후에 실시하는 적절한 스트레칭은 증가된 근 긴장도로 유발되는 근육뼈대계 질환을 감소시키고, 적절한 게임 콘텐츠의 개발은 효과적인 집중력 훈련의 도구가 될 것이다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

Purpose - This study's purpose is to investigate the market structure of the Korean duty free shop industry that has received recent attention from researchers and practitioners. By raising the question of whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is unequivocally monopolistic, a wider viewpoint is provided. The study seeks to offer insights and managerial implications for marketers and policy makers who are in charge of regulating major Korean duty free shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The authors use secondary data from various sources, including Korea Customs Service and the Moodie Report, to investigate the structure of the duty free shop industry of Korea. Based on several theories, they present various criteria and statistical evidence such as K-firm concentration ratio, HHI, consumer substitutability, excess profit, and marketing costs. Results - In terms of consumer substitutability, it is difficult to confirm whether or not the Korean duty free shop industry is monopolistic. Notwithstanding monopoly characteristics in terms of market share, neither the company Lotte nor Shilla appear to have market dominating power. It is not easy for either of them to control prices or to achieve a much lower operational profit ratio due to a dominant bargaining power. Moreover, the license is not an economic rent. In this situation, it is not easy for these companies to obtain an excessive profit. Conclusions - Considering that most global duty free shops are trying to go upscale to improve bargaining power, it does not seem likely that rigid regulations are needed in the industry. Even though the Korean duty free industry ostensibly has a monopolistic structure, government and policy-makers should look beyond the surface. They should take global and other reasonable criteria into consideration when they establish or change regulation policies. Thorough understanding and appropriate support are needed for the Korean duty free shop industry. Additionally, duty free shops should position themselves as global companies struggling against unlimited international competition, rather than Korean domestic companies. At the same time, they need to give customers appropriate information about the benefits they provide.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.4101-4101
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• 2001

Information of body composition (fat and protein) in living animal is important to determine the nutrients requirement. Deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution techniques, as one of isotope dilution techniques have been useful for the prediction of body composition. However, the determination of D2O concentration is time consuming and complicated. Therefore this study was conducted to develop a new method to predict D2O concentration in plasma using near infrared spectroscopy technique (NIRS). Four dairy cows in early lactation were used. They were fed total mixed ration containing conr silage, timothy hay, and concentrates to make 17.0%CP and 14.0 MJDE/kgDM. Dosing D2O was at week 1,3 and 5 after parturition. After dosing D2O, the blood was collected from hour 0 to 72. Blood samples were then centrifuge at 3,000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain plasma. D2O concentration was analyzed by gas chromatograph (deuterium oxide analyzable system, HK102, Shokotsusyou) after extracted from plasma by liophilization. Plasma sample was scanned by NIRS using Pacific Scientific (Neotec) model 6500 (Perstorp Analytical, Silver Spring, MD) in the range of wavelength from 1100 to 2500 nm. Calibration equation was developed using multiple linear regression. Sample from one animal (cow #550; n: 74) was used for developing the calibration while the rest three animals were used for validating the equation. The range, R and SEC of the calibration set samples were 135-925 ppm, 0.93 and 48.1 ppm, respectively. Validation of the calibration equation for three individual cows was done and the average of NIR predicted value of D2O at each collection time from three weeks injection showed a high correlation. The range, r and 53 of plasma from cow #474 were 322-840 ppm,0.93 and 53.1; cow #478 were 146-951 ppm,0.95 and 39.8; cow #942 were 313-885 ppm,0.95 and 37.2, respectively. Judgement of accuracy based on ratio of standard deviation and standard error in validation set samples (RPD) for cow #474, #478 and #942 were 2.2,4.3 and 3.4, respectively. The error in application due to the variation between individual was considered smaller than the bias from collection period, however, this prediction can be overcome with correction of standard zero-minute concentration of blood. The results of this preliminary study on the use of NIRS for determination of D2O in plasma showed very promising as shown by a convenient and satisfy accuracy. Further study on various physiological stage of animal should be done.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2006

For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data on working environment of small scale manufacturing industries and preventing the occupational diseases of workers in these industries, authors surveyed the status of working environment to several chemical substances and physical agents by types of industry and types of process in the small scale manufacturing industries with less than five workers in Gimhae including 235 workplaces, 14 types of industry and 25 types of process from January 2002 to December 2004. This measurement method was work environment measurement method (established in Ministry of Labor, Korea), analytical methods (2nd Ed.) of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and manual of analytical methods (4th Ed.) of National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 10.0 for windows, the results were as follows: 1. Noise generated in 14 types of industry and 22 types of process. an actual level of mean exposure (90.7 dB(A)) exceeded threshold limit values (TLVs) in manufacture of other transport equipment. An actual level of mean exposure (90.2dB) exceeded TLVs in the process of wire-drawing and 90.4dB in the process of wire-stranding. 2. Dusts of type I, II, III were generated in 9 types of industry and 8 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. 3. Heavy metals (Pb, Mn, Cr, Ni) were generated in 7 types of industry and 7 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. 4. 16 kinds of organic solvents were generated in 11 types of industry and 6 types of process. Its mean concentration did not exceed TLVs. As the above results, chemical substances and physical agents were generated in the several different types of industry and process of the manufacturing industry with less than five workers, and only mean level of noise was exceeded TLVs. In case of exceeding threshold limit values, improvement of work environment is actively needed, and work environment management should be performed continuously for prevention of an occupational diseases and work related diseases.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 2015

A series of hydrophobically associating fluorinated amphiphilic polyacrylamide copolymers with remarkably high heat resistance and salt tolerance were synthesized by free radical micellar copolymerization, using acrylamide (AM) and sodium 2-acrylamido-tetradecane sulfonate ($AMC_{14}S$) as amphiphilic monomers, and 2-(perfluorooctyl) ethyl acrylate (PFHEA) as hydrophobic monomer. The structure of the terpolymer was characterized by FTIR, $^1H$ NMR and $^{19}F$ NMR. The solution properties of the terpolymers were investigated in details, and the results showed that the terpolymer solution had strong intermolecular hydrophobic association as the concentration exceeded the critical association concentration 1.5 g/L. The terpolymer solution possessed high surface activity, viscoelasticity, excellent heat resistance, salt tolerance and shearing resistance. The viscosity retention rate of copolymer solution was as high as 59.9% under the condition of fresh wastewater, $85^{\circ}C$ and a 60-days aging test.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.270-282
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• 2017

To evaluate the deposition amount on a ground surface, mesoscale numerical models coupled with atmospheric chemistry are widely used for larger horizontal domains ranging from a few to several hundreds of kilometers; however, these models are rarely applied to high-resolution simulations. In this study, the performance of a dry and wet deposition model is investigated to estimate the amount of deposition via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models with high grid resolution. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are implemented for a cone and a two-dimensional ridge to estimate the dry deposition rate, and a constant deposition velocity is used to obtain the dry deposition flux. The results show that the dry deposition rate of RANS generally corresponds to that observed in wind-tunnel experiments. For the wet deposition model, the transport equation of a new scalar concentration scavenged by rain droplets is developed and used instead of the scalar concentration scavenged by raindrops falling to the ground surface just below the scavenging point, which is normally used in mesoscale numerical models. A sensitivity analysis of the proposed wet deposition procedure is implemented. The result indicates the applicability of RANS for high-resolution grids considering the effect of terrains on the wet deposition.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2008

Various techniques of business innovation such as MRP, ERP have been introduced, which has offered many advantages to the foodservice industry. However, these techniques optimized only a part not for the whole supply chain. For overcoming this problem, companies introduced SCM(Supply Chain Management). Since SCM research for restaurant business hasn't been widely studied, this research focuses on the relation between purchasers and suppliers in the domestic restaurant business. It divided the types of purchaser-supplier relationships in the foodservice industry and studied the influences that partnership factors have for the results. The SCM achievement was divided into asset management, job efficiency and customer satisfaction sharing, reliance/cooperation, professional technology and relation concentration. Under these factors, it looked into the difference that partnership affects SCM achievement. It made it easy to understand the importance by practically analyzing the relation of partnership factors extracted by SCM achievement and investigation suggested by the previous researches. It was found that the partnership factors such as extracted information sharing, reliance/cooperation, professional technology, and relation concentration positively affect the SCM achievement such as asset management, job efficiency and customer satisfaction.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2019

The growth and employment effects of R&D investment were analyzed according to business size, export value and manufacturing sectors so as to suggest improvement directions for effective industry policies. The effect of R&D investment was considered simultaneously from the two perspectives of growth and employment effect, and the causality analysis was carried out by using a path analysis. The result of the path analysis confirmed significant differences in the growth effect of R&D investment depending on business size. However, the effect of increasing employment was difficult to obtain statistically significant results for any various combinations of business size and export value. This is a mixture of directions for the effects of R&D investment on employment, which could be due to the failure to consider appropriate time lags between investment and effect. Efficiency analysis by industry sectors confirmed significant differences in efficiency depending on business size, but differences depending on export value were difficult to identify. In order to derive improvement policy by industry sector according to business size and export value, the direction of selective support policy and universal support policy was derived for six industry groups by combining the return to scale in the efficiency analysis and R&D concentration. Hirschman-Herfindahl index is used for calculating R&D concentration.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 2018

This study was carried out to characterize the ambient levels of PAH concentrations in Pohang city, where steel industry has been intensively developed. A large amount of PAH emissions from steel production and related industries in Pohang are concerned about the environmental health hazards of nearby residents. TSP samples were seasonally collected during 10 days at four sites in Pohang from April to December 2010. Each sample was collected for 24 hours using high-volume air sampler. All samples were extracted by $soxtec^{TM}$ before concentration of 1.0 mL. The concentrates were analyzed by GC/MS. The prevailing wind direction was southwest and west-southwest in Pohang during the measurement period. Variations of TSP concentrations appeared to be similar between four sites. The highest TSP concentration was found in fall, while the lowest in summer. The highest PAH concentration was found at an industrial site, while the lowest at a residential/commercial site. In the case of BaP, the average concentration at the industrial site was $0.63{\pm}0.66ng/m^3$, which was approximately 2 times of the residential/commercial site. The paired t-test (p<0.05) showed significant differences between industrial and residential area. Particulate PAH concentrations were higher in the winter and lower in the summer. The concentrations of BaP in winter were 2~10 times higher than those in the other three seasons. This study clearly demonstrated the impact of steel industry on the elevated levels of PAH in Pohang city.