• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.425-449
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• 1999

For the evaluation of the effect on SWS, experiments were made on hyperlipidemia induced by hypercholesterol diet, inhibitory reaction to human platelet aggregation, Pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine, global cerebral ischemia induced by KCN, brain ischemia induced by MCA occlusion, cytotoxicity of PC12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein(25-35), and NO production in RAW cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. The results were obtained as follows : 1. In the experiment on hyperlipidemia, the level of serum total cholesterol, phospholipid, and LDL-cholesterol were significantly decreased while the level of triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol had no significant change. 2. In the experiment on inhibitory reaction to platelet aggregation, SWS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP(36.05%), by collagen(20.4%), and by thrombin(0.6%). 3. In the experiment on pulmonary thrombosis induced by collagen and epinephrine, the protective effect was found(37%). 4. In the experiment on global cerebral ischemia, coma duration induced by KCN changed insignificantly. 5. In the experiment on MCA occlusion, the change of neurologic grades on hind limb was significant only after the operation. Besides brain ischemic area and edema ratio were significantly decreased. 6. In the experiment on cytotoxicity of PC 12 cells induced by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein, the significant protective effect was found as concentration increases. 7. In the experiment on NO production in RAW cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide, NO was significantly decreased. According to the results, it is expected that SWS might be effective on hyperlipidemia and brain damage.

• 약학회지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

Endotoxemia induces production of inflammatory mediators and acute phase proteins, leading to multiorgan injury and systemic inflammation. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and glucocorticoids (GCs) release modify endotoxemia-induced inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated whether pre-exposure of GCs influences endotoxin-induced production of inflammatory mediators in hepatocytes. Hepa1c1c-7 cells were pretreated with low concentrations of corticosterone for 24 h and then cultured without corticosterone in the presence or absence of LPS. Our results demonstrated that LPS alone significantly enhanced production of IL-6 and CRP but reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to controls. Combination of corticosterone pretreatment and LPS significantly upregulated production of IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, and VEGF but downregulated CRP compared to those in LPS alone. These findings suggest that in low concentration of corticosterone-preexposed hepatocytes, endotoxemia may induce upregulation of IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, VEGF and but downregulation of CRP.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated whether quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin derived from Houttuynia cordata affect the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin from airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with quercitrin, quercetin or afzelin for 30 min and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) Quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin inhibited EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin production from NCI-H292 cells; (2) The three natural products also decreased EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin showed the regulatory effect on the steps of gene expression and production of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2012

Background: We investigated whether chrysin affected MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression induced by phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) from human airway epithelial cells. Methods: Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with varying concentrations of chrysin for 30 minutes, and were then stimulated with PMA and EGF for 24 hours, respectively. MUC5AC mucin gene expression and mucin protein production were measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Concentrations of $10{\mu}M$ and $100{\mu}M$ chrysin were found to inhibit the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by PMA; A concentration of $100{\mu}M$ chrysin also inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin protein induced by EGF; $100{\mu}M$ chrysin inhibited the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene induced by PMA or EGF. The cytotoxicity of chrysin was checked by lactate dehydrogenase assay, and there was no cytotoxic effect observed for chrysin. Conclusion: These results suggest that chrysin can inhibit mucin gene expression and the production of mucin protein by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2007

Objectives : Sophora flavescens (SF) is widely used in traditional herbal medicine in Korea and is well recognized for its anti-inflammatory effect. However, its effect on Tumornecrosis factor alpha (Tnf) production in BV2 microglial cell is not yet known. Methods : We investigated the effect of SF on the production and expression of Tnf, a well known inflammatory mediator, in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-activated BV2 microglial cells. Results : The LPS-induced Tnf production was markedly reduced by treatment with SF (50 ${\mu}g/ml$). In reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, SF suppressed the LPS activated expression of Tnf mRNA. In addition, Western blot analysis confirmed that SF suppressed the expression of Tnf. Sophora flavescens also inhibited the LPS-induced phosphylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), which mediate the Tnfproduction signaling pathway whereas LPS-induced phosphylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNK) was not inhibited by SF, which implies that SF suppresses LPS-induced Tnf production via the ERK mediated pathway. Conclusion : Taken together, these findings indicated that SF inhibits LPS-induce Tnf production, and that this inhibitory effect is mediated via the ERK pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.671-677
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigated whether tussilagone, a natural product derived from Tussilago farfara, significantly affects the production and gene expression of airway MUC5AC mucin. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with tussilagone for 30 min and then stimulated with EGF (epidermal growth factor) or PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) for 24 h or the indicated periods. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. Production of MUC5AC mucin protein was measured by ELISA. To elucidate the action mechanism of tussilagone, effect of tussilagone on PMA-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was investigated by western blot analysis. Tussilagone significantly inhibited the production of MUC5AC mucin protein and down-regulated the expression of MUC5AC mucin gene, induced by EGF or PMA. Tussilagone inhibited PMA-induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa Ba ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$). Tussilagone inhibited PMA-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of MUC5AC protein production in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that tussilagone can regulate the production and gene expression of mucin by acting on airway epithelial cells through regulation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1995

C5a 또는 PMA에 의하여 활성화된 호중구에서의 superoxide와 HOCl 생성에 나타내는 staurosporine, genistein과 pertussis toxin의 효과를 관찰하였다. C5a에 의한 superoxide과 $H_2O_2$의 생성은 staurosporine, genistein과 pertussis toxin에 의하여 억제되었다. PMA의 자극효과는 staurosporine에 의하여 억제되었으나 pertussis toxin에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았으며, 한편 이는 genistein에 의하여 더 촉진되었다. Staurosporine, genistein은 sodium fluoride에 의한 superoxide 생성을 억제 하였으나 pertussis toxin은 영향을 나타내지 않았다. PMA에 의한 $H_2O_2$의 생성은 staurosporine에 의하여 억제되었으나 pertussis toxin은 영향을 나타내지 않았다. Genistein은 PMA에 의한 $H_2O_2$의 생성에 자극효과를 나타내지 않았다. Staurosporine과 pertussis toxin은 C5a 또는 PMA에 의한 HOCl 생성을 억제하였으나, 이에 반하여 genistein은 자극하였다. C5a와 PMA에 의한 myeloperoxidase 유리는 genistein에 의하여 억제되었나, pertussis toxin의 효과는 나타나지 않았다. Staurosporine은 유리에 대한 PMA의 자극효과에 영향을 주지 않았다. Myeloperoxidase 활성은 genistein에 의하여 현저하게 증가되었으나 staurosporine과 pertussis toxin의 영향은 받지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 호중구의 respiratory burst가 protein kinase C와 protein tyrosine kinase에 의하여 조절된다고 제시한다. Protein kinase C의 직접적인 자극에 따른 superoxide 생성은 protein tyrosine kinase의 영향을 역으로 받을 것으로 추정된다. Genistein은 아마도 myeloperoxidase를 활성화하여 HOCl 생성을 촉진할 것으로 시사된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권2호통권82호
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• pp.174-178
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• 2007

malformin A1은 옥수수 뿌리에서 대조구와 비교하여 에틸렌 생성을 4시간에는 130%, 8시간에는 56%를 각각 촉진하였다. 에틸렌 생성량이 4시간을 최대로 하여 8시간까지 서서히 증가율이 감소하였다. 칼슘 이온 조절제인 A23187 (calcium ionophore)과 verapamil (calcium channel blocker)을 각각 단독으로 처리한 경우 모두 대조구와 비교하여 4시간에는 30%, 8시간에는 20% 정도로 에틸렌 생성을 촉진하였다. 칼슘 이온 조절제가 malformin A1에 의해 유도된 에틸렌 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 4시간에는 malformin A1만 처리하였을 경우에 관찰되는 수준만큼 촉진되지 않았지만 칼슘 이온 조절제의 촉진 효과는 8시간까지 유지되었다. 이러한 결과는 malformin A1이 에틸렌 생성을 촉진하기 위하여 적절한 칼슘 농도가 필요할 가능성을 제시하고 있다. Malformin A1은 굴중성 굴곡 반응을 대조구와 비교하여 4시간과 8시간에 각각 58%와 42% 정도 억제하였다. A23187과 달리, verapamil은 굴중성 굴곡반응을 4시간과 8시간에 대조구와 비교하여 각각 54%와 23%를 억제하였다. 더 나아가 verapamil은 malformin A1에 의해 유도된 굴중성 굴곡 반응을 A23187보다 더 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 칼슘이온 조절제가 malformin A1에 의해 유도된 옥수수 뿌리의 굴중성 반응에 영향을 주며, 칼슘 이온이 굴중성 반응에 중요한 역할을 한다는 증거를 제시한다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2024

본 연구는 지역산업연관표를 이용하여 생산-생산 승수를 도출하고 비금속광물 부문과 콘크리트 제품 부문을 통해 골재의 유발효과를 추정하였다. 유발효과를 파악할 수 있도록 지역산업연관표를 활용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 골재의 유발효과를 도출함에 있어 지역산업연관표를 이용하는 것은 부문분류 문제로 인해 어려움이 있는데, 본 연구는 골재를 포함한 비금속광물 부문을 골재로 간주한 분석과 골재생산의 대부분을 수요하는 콘크리트 제품 부문을 분석함으로써 부문분류 제약으로 인한 난점을 완화하고자 하였다. 산업연관효과를 추정하는 과정에서 골재의 생산감소 상황을 전제해 진행하였으며, 콘크리트 제품 부문을 분석하는 과정에서는 골재 생산감소로 인한 콘크리트 제품 생산감소의 효과, 즉 골재 1단위 생산감소는 콘크리트 제품 부문 0.8511단위의 생산감소를 전제로 분석하였다. 지역산업연관표가 구분하고 있는 17개 광역시도에 대해 자기지역 내 및 지역간 유발효과를 산출하였다. 골재 생산감소로 인해 자기지역에서 발생하는 생산감소 효과는 지역별 평균 1.28의 유발효과를 보였으며, 타지역의 골재 생산감소로 인한 생산감소 효과는 지역별 평균 0.10의 유발효과를 보였다. 취업효과도 산출하였는데, 지역별 골재 및 콘크리트 제품 부문의 규모에 따른 차이를 나타낼 수 있도록 10% 생산감소 상황을 전제하여 취업효과를 산출하였다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2012

In these days, the interest on medical industry is increasing around the world. This paper attempts to estimate the economic effects of the medical and measuring instrument industry through the Input-Output Analysis. Especially, 78*78 Sector Tables were used as the first analysis tool. So then, 79*79 Sector Tables adjusted were used for that industry. The main analysis tools of this study are comparing and analyzing backward and forward linkage effect, the induced effect of the self industry and other industries and the induced coefficients such as products, value-added, employee's pay, sales surplus, employment. According to the result of analysis, the medical and measuring instrument industry has great economic impacts which affects the major macroeconomic factors such as production and backward linkage effect. And the induced effects of the self medical and measuring instrument industry are significant compared to other industries in aspects of production, employee's pay and sales surplus.