• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2008

The turnip aphid is a worldwide pest, damaging mainly to crucifers. In order to understand the life parameters of Lipaphis erysimi for the eventual goal of control, the developmental periods, survival rates, lifespan, and fecundity of the species were investigated under five temperature regimes ($15^{\circ}C-35^{\circ}C$). Furthermore, the efficacy of several environment-friendly agricultural materials (EFAMs) that are on the market was subjected to test in order to obtain further accurate information. The developmental period of the turnip aphid nymph was longest at $15^{\circ}C$ as 16.9 days, shortened as temperature goes up to $25^{\circ}C$ (5.4 days), and then somewhat increased at $30^{\circ}C$ (5.9 days), suggesting that the most efficient temperature for nymphal development could be around $25^{\circ}C$. Mortality of the nymphal turnip aphid was obvious at $35^{\circ}C$, whereas it was minimal at other temperature schemes. The longevity of adults shortened as temperature goes up to $30^{\circ}C$. In particular, the maximum lifespan for adults continued for 55 days at $15^{\circ}C$, but shortened to 21 days at $30^{\circ}C$. The total fecundity was 35.7 at $15^{\circ}C$, 81 at $20^{\circ}C$, 64.2 at $25^{\circ}C$, and 6.6 individuals at $30^{\circ}C$, showing the highest fecundity at $20^{\circ}C$. After the turnip aphids were successfully stabilized in indoor environment the insecticidal activity was tested and mortality was determined 12, 24, 36, and 48 hrs after EFAMs are treated. Several on-the-market EFAMs showed more than 90% of insecticidal activity within 24 hrs or 48 hrs, but a few showed less than 90% activity, signifying importance of selection of proper EFAMs.

• ALGAE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2021

Saccharina sculpera is highly valued for human consumption and value-added products. However, natural resources of this kelp have decreased sharply and it is in danger of extinction. Resources recovery through cultivation is being trialed to enable the sustainable use of this species. In this study, the temperature range for survival and optimal growth of juvenile S. sculpera was identified and applied to field cultivation. This study investigated the survival and growth of juvenile S. sculpera under six temperatures (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 16, 18, and 20℃) and two light intensities (i.e., 20 and 40 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1) in an indoor culture experiment. In these experiments, the blade length decreased at 16℃ under the both light intensities. The thalli died at 20℃ and 20 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1, and at 18-20℃ and 40 µmol photons m^-2 s^-1. During the field cultivation, early growth of S. sculpera was highest at the 5 m depth and growth decreased as the water depth increased. When the initial rearing depth was maintained without adjustment throughout the cultivation period (from December to October), all the cultivated S. sculpera plants died during August and September. However, S. sculpera plants lowered from 5 to 15 m and grew to 90.8 ± 13.1 cm in July. The seawater temperature at 15 m depth was similar to the upper level of thermal tolerance demonstrated by juvenile S. sculpera in the indoor culture experiments (16℃ or lower). The plants were subsequently lowered to 25 m depth in August, which eventually led to their maturation in October. The present study confirmed that improved growth rates and a delay in biomass loss can be achieved by adjusting the depth at which the seaweeds are grown during the cultivation period. These results will contribute to the establishment of sustainable cultivation systems for S. sculpera.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.235-242
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• 2014

This study was conduct to investigate the effect of Intermediate culture types on the growth and survival rate of the abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, in net cage and indoor tank. Intermediate cultures were to determine there that was to setting at marine net cage culture (NCC) in net cage, floor culture (FC), net floor culture (NFC), double shelter culture (DSC) and indoor net cage culture (INCC) in indoor tank, in two replicate. In the growth performance of juvenile abalone reared through intermediate culture, that the absolute growth rate ($AGR_{SL}$, $AGR_{SB}$), daily growth rate ($DGR_{SL}$, $DGR_{SB}$), and specific growth rate ($SGR_{SL}$, $SGR_{SB}$) to the shell length $(_{SL})$ and shell breadth $(_{SB})$ of NCC were higher than those of different groups (P < 0.05). As weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG) and specific weight gain (SWG) to body weight through intermediate culture types in indoor tank was not significant. Also that, survival rate among experimental groups of intermediate culture in indoor tank was not significant. Therefore, these results is showed that should to cultivate for net cage so that intermediate culture of juvenile abalone over 2 cm, accordingly research to effective progress of juvenile abalone intermediate culture in indoor tank be should from various reason as well as feed and rearing condition.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 2003

Development and life history of the Korean native firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa, were investigated throughout the indoor rearing. Average size of egg with an oval shape was 1.7 m and the hatchability of egg of P. rufa was approximately 88.5%. The larvae were pupated at the ${5^th}$ instar and the body length of the matured larvae was 27.1 mm. The total periods of larval stage to the end of the 5$^{th}$ instar were approximately 104.7 days. Average pupal period was 10.3 days and average number of eggs oviposited by a female was 87.3 eggs. The body size of female in the pupa and adult was larger than that of male. The wings of female adult were deteriorated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.3-13
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• 2018

Although the number of dual low-income families continues to increase, working mothers are suffering from difficulties from housework and child rearing due to the economic difficulties and poor residential environment. By understanding the needs about community space and child-care support services, this study will look into planning cooperative child-care environments for dual low-income families with infants and children. Through purposive sampling this research targeted 151 dual income families with an average monthly income level of 1-3 in Seoul. The collected data was analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, and independent sample t-test using SPSS. The research results are as follows: According to the review, respondents responded positively to cooperative child-care. Out of the 20 general community spaces, the need for an indoor playground, recreation room, day nursery, separate garbage and reading room ranked high. Overall, 21 child-care community spaces and 11 child-care support services were generally rated highly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

The Korean native firefly, P. rufa, is widely distributed in Korea and only at Tsushima in the case of Japan. P. rufa is known to occur in various habitats such as stream area, wet fields and mountain area. Development and life history of the Korean native firefly, Pyrocoelia rufa, were investigated throughout the indoor rearing. (omitted)

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-154
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• 2003

The effect of photoperiodic regimes on the oviposition and colony development of Bombus ignitus queens was examined with 0L, 8L, and 16L under $27^{\circ}C$ and 65% R. H. Among these photoperiod regimes, the oviposition rate at 8L and 16L was 80.2% and 83.1%, respectively, which was 12-15% higher than that at the dark condition (0L). Duration up to first oviposition at 8L and 16L was 17.5 days and 16.5 days, respectively, which was 2-3 days shorter than that at 0L. The colony foundation rate at 8L and 16L was 9.2% and 10.4%, respectively, which corresponded to 1.7-2.0-fold higher than the value at 0L. In addition, the rate of progeny-queen production at 8L and 16L was also two fold higher than that at 0L. Taken these together, the light conditions (8L and 16L) rather than dark condition (0L) were more suitable for oviposition and colony development for B. ignitus in the indoor rearing condition.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.141-147
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• 2001

To study the ecological characteristics of the Korean native firefly, Luciola lateralis, development and life history of L. lateralis were investigated throughout the indoor rearing. Average size of egg with an oval shape was 0.51${\times}$0.56 mm and an egg period of L. tateralis was approximately 25.8 days. The larvae were pupated at the 5$^{th}$ instar and the body length of the matured larvae was 15.8mm. The total periods of larval stage to the end of the $5^{th}$ instar were approximately 271.7 days. Pupae formed soil cocoon and average pupal period was approximately 28.7 days. Average number of eggs oviposited by a female was approximately 97. The body size of female in the pupa and adult were larger that of male.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2016

This study investigated the growth characteristics of juvenile abalone when has been rearing as other different feed rates by the commercial abalone formulated feed on indoor tank, during the winter period that was maintaining on the low water temperature. Experimental abalones were use to 1 year old (shell length $29.14{\pm}2.56mm$, wet weight $2.9{\pm}0.6g$), and it has cultured at six feeding rate groups (0.75 DFW, 1.50 DFW, 2.25 DFW, 3.00 DFW, 3.75 DFW, 4.5 DFW) that were set up the daily feeding rate about total weight (DFW), and two replicated. The average water temperature in the experiment period was $9.7{\pm}3.27^{\circ}C$. In the monthly change absolute growth rate (AGRSL) and specific growth (SGRSL) of shell length, at January, 3.00 DFW was significantly higher than all feeding rate groups (P < 0.05). And in the monthly change of weight change and weight gain (WG), at March, 3.75DFW was significantly higher than all feeing rate groups (P < 0.05). The growth coefficient of thermal units (TGC) was decreased rapid since January, and 3.75 DFW was show significantly higher than all feeding rate groups (P < 0.05). In monthly change of feed efficiency (FE), at December, the 0.75 DFW was significantly higher than all feeding rate groups (P < 0.05), and in February and March, there was no significant difference between all feeding period. Therefore, In this study, was show that juvenile abalones can do to maintain or increasing from weight to supply commercial artificial diet during winter period when rearing into the indoor tank.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.57-64
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• 2018

The fungus gnat, Bradysia difformis, has been recognized as an important pest of greenhouse crops. There is a need for research on the control of the fungus gnat. However, it is difficult to obtain many generations of the fungus gnat for several kinds of research. Indoor propagation is a very useful method for obtaining enough individuals in cases where the need is for larvae in soil. This study was conducted to determine the optimum growing media and temperature conditions for rearing the fungus gnat in the laboratory. Under experimental temperature conditions, hatching, pupation, and eclosion rates were the highest at $20^{\circ}C$. The developmental period of the fungus gnat was shortened with higher temperatures. The greatest number of eggs was an average of 144 at $20^{\circ}C$. Using different types of larvae growth media, the highest hatching rates were 84.7 and 84.4% in water agar and potato disks, respectively. The larval period was the shortest, at 14.7 days, when grown on potato disks. The highest pupation and eclosion rates were 85.2 and 82.6% on potato disks, respectively. The highest number of eggs was an average of 125.6 on potato disks. Regarding the effects of different growth media on the eclosion rate of B. difformis, the highest eclosion rate was 88.4% on the soil mix, and was 50% on oatmeal, 25% on shredded potato. The results of four different inoculation levels of larvae on eclosion rate of B. difformis showed that the highest eclosion rate was 84.7% for 1,000 larvae. The eclosion rate was shortened with a higher number of larvae inoculated/cage. In the growth medium used, 3,000 eggs were better for the initial level of inoculation, showing a relatively high emergence rate and short developmental period. Mass rearing procedures were explained in detail.