• 센서학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2007

In this paper, we outline the research issues that we are pursuing towards building of location aware environments for mainly ubiquitous healthcare applications. Such location aware application can provide what is happening in this space. To locate an object, such as patient or elderly person, the active ceiling-mounted reference beacons were placed throughout the building. Reference beacons periodically publish location information on RF and ultrasonic signals to allow application running on mobile or static nodes to study and determine their physical location. Once object-carried passive listener receives the information, it subsequently determines it's location from reference beacons. The cost of the system was reduced while the accuracy in our experiments was fairly good and fine grained between 7 and 12 cm for location awareness in indoor environments by using only the sensor nodes and wireless sensor network technology. Passive architecture used here provides the security of the user privacy while at the server the privacy was secured by providing the authentication using Geopriv approach. This information from sensor nodes is further forwarded to base station where further computation is performed to determine the current position of object.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.668-674
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• 2019

Objectives: Modern people spend most of their day indoors. As the health impact of radon becomes an issue, public interest also has been growing. The primary route of potential human exposure to radon is inhalation. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Radon exposure is known to be the second-leading cause of lung cancer, following tobacco smoke. This study measures the indoor radon concentrations in detached houses in area A of Chungcheongbuk-do Province considering the construction year, cracks in the houses, the location of installed detectors, and seasonal effects. Methods: The survey was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018 on 1,872 private households located in selected areas in northern Chungcheongbuk-do Province to figure out the year of building construction and the location of detector installed and identify the factors which affect radon concentrations in the air within the building. Radon was measured using a manual alpha track detector (Raduet, Hungary) with a sampling period of longer than 90 days. Results: Indoor radon concentrations in winter within area A was surveyed to be 168.3±193.3 Bq/㎥. There was more than a 2.3 times difference between buildings built before 1979 and those built after 2010. The concentration reached 195.4±221.9 Bq/㎥ for buildings with fractures and 167.2±192.4 Bq/㎥ for buildings without fractures. It was found that detectors installed in household areas with windows exhibited a lower concentration than those installed in concealed spaces. Conclusion: High concentrations of indoor radon were shown when there was a crack in the house. Also, ventilation seems to significantly affect radon concentrations because when the location of the detector in the installed site was near windows compared to an enclosed area, radon concentration variation increased. Therefore, it is considered that radon concentration is lower in summer because natural ventilation occurs more often than in winter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

Before occupation of an apartment housing, the builders are required to inform the test result of IAQ to the public. However, there is no simplified method to predict IAQ before measurement of pollutant concentration. In this study, a simplified way of predicting IAQ based on the distribution of indoor pollutant concentration is proposed. 7 different cases of air change rate have been simulated through CFD analysis to get the distribution ratio of each pollutant material and then simplified functions were used with CRIAQ1 values derived from CFD simulation to evaluate by comparing the influence of each material in the indoor pollutant concentration. Again, a lot of efforts which can improve the indoor air quality have been performed. Materials used in indoor space are labeled with their pollutant emission level. Installation of ventilation system in residential buildings will be regulated by a building codes sooner or later. But it is important to understand the fact that layout of walls, location or size of openings will influence the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration. And location of emitting material influences to indoor air pollutants distribution. But until now there is few recognition and consideration of these factors. Therefore, in this paper the effects of these factors is proved and some kind of guideline is made for designers after a comparison of typical apartment floor plan and a new type plan with their average pollutant concentration and its distribution of each room. CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) program was used to show the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration distribution. For this purpose, a typical $100m^2$ apartment floor plan was chosen as a case study model and several alternatives were reviewed to improve the IAQ performance. The simulation took place in the condition of natural ventilation through windows.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1855-1862
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• 2022

Beacon을 이용한 실내 재실 여부 결정 및 실내 측위 기술을 통해 다양한 실내 위치기반 서비스를 제공할 수 있다. 하지만, Beacon이 송출하는 BLE 신호는 다중 경로 페이딩 등의 문제로 인해 RSSI 값이 불안정하기 때문에 재실 여부 결정의 정확도를 보장하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 상황에서도 정확성을 보장하기 위해 강의실의 문이 열린 상태에서 데이터를 수집하였다. 수집된 데이터를 기반으로 신호의 특성을 고려한 재실 여부 결정 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 SVM 모델을 사용하며, 수신 신호 강도만을 사용한 결과에 비해 약 10% 정확도 향상을 보였다. 이 방법은 수신기 하나만으로도 재실 여부를 정확하게 판단할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 제안된 방법을 통해 정확도 높은 염가형 재실 여부 결정 시스템을 구현할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2019

The Location Based Service is growing rapidly nowadays due to the universalization of the use for smartphone, therefore the location determination technology has been placed in an important position. This study suggests a method that can provide the estimate of users' location by using PDR method and smartphone geomagnetic sensor data. This method assists the measure of enhancing the accuracy of indoor localization. Moreover, it is to study ways to provide the exact indoor layout for evacuating the workers in emergency such as fires and natural disasters.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2016

Visible light communication (VLC) using LED lamps is suitable for implementing an indoor positioning system in an indoor environment where the global positioning system (GPS) signal does not reach. In this paper, we present an indoor positioning system for mobile robots using a VLC beacon and fuzzy rules. This system consists of an autonomous mobile robot, VLC modules, and device application software. Fuzzy rules are applied to plan the global and local paths along which the mobile robot navigates indoors. The VLC transmitter modules are attached to the wall or the ceiling as beacons to transmit their own location information. The variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) algorithm is used to transmit data, which is a new modulation scheme for VLC providing a dimming control mechanism for flicker-free optical communication. The mobile robot has a receiver module to receive the location information while performing its mission in the environment where VLC transmitters are deployed.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2015

The management of energy resources for efficient utilization of the energy resources while reducing the system costs is a critical technical issue. Among many kinds of the energy resource management, the energy reduction for indoor lighting systems is getting much concern as a large portion of energy consumption has been made for indoor lightings. In this paper, an energy-efficient lighting control scheme for indoor lighting systems in order to reduce the energy consumption by controlling the luminous flux and the lighting direction under the illuminance constraints is proposed. With the use of the user location information for the luminaire which is closely located to the user, the proposed scheme firstly sets the light direction of the luminaire to be aligned to the user location. Then, an optimization problem to find the luminous flux of each luminaire is formulated in order to minimize the luminous flux sum of the luminaires with the constraints for the dynamic ragne of the luminous flux, and the light flux for each luminaire is determined by the solution of the problem. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the luminaire control scheme with only the luminous flux control in the evaluation of satisfaction of the required illuminance level.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.8-11
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• 2021

본 논문은 실내환경에서 로봇의 센싱영역을 벗어난 곳에 위치하는 사용자에게 접근하여 배달서비스를 제공하기 위해 로봇의 최적 위치를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 먼저, 사용자의 위치를 추정하기 위해 비콘-태그 모듈정보에 삼변측량법을 적용하여 실내환경에서 위치를 추정하였고, 사용자 추정위치로부터 최적의 로봇 이동목표(Goal)를 설정하기 위해 보로노이 그래프(GVG)의 생성 노드정보를 기반으로 사용자 위치, 장애물, 이동경로 정보의 연산을 통해 최종 위치를 추정하였다. 실제 로봇플랫폼의 목적지 이동을 통해 해당 서비스로봇의 위치정밀도를 검증하였다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 Ultra-Wide-Band(UWB) 영역 측정을 활용한 이동객체 위치추정과 이동객체 위치정확도를 개선하기 위한 방법을 논한다. 실외환경과는 달리 실내에서는 여러 가지 노이즈로 인해 이동객체의 위치추적이 어렵다. UWB는 최근 위치추적 응용에서 주목을 받고 있는 라디오 기술이다. UWB의 영역측정 기술은 cm 수준의 정확도를 제공한다. UWB의 데이터 전송과 정밀한 영역측정, 물질관통의 특성은 실내위치추적 응용에 적합하다. 본 논문은 UWB 영역 기술과 파티클 필터를 이용한 이동객체의 위치추정 알고리즘을 제안한다. 기존 위치추정 알고리즘들은 이동객체의 위치추정을 한 후에 예상되는 오차와 bias 값을 제거하였다. 그러나 이 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 먼저 예상되는 UWB 영역 거리 오차를 제거하고 난 후에 이동객체의 위치를 추정한다. 본 논문에서는 제안 알고리즘이 기존 이동객체의 위치 추정 후 오차를 제거하는 방식보다 위치정밀도가 좋아졌음을 실험을 통하여 보였다. 본 연구에서는 UWB를 이용하여 고정되어 있고 위치를 알고 있는 세 앵커들과 이동객체 간의 추정 거리로부터 bias값과 반복 영역 오차 값을 제거한 후 삼각측량을 하여 이동객체의 위치를 추정하였다. 마지막으로 파티클 필터를 사용하여 이동객체의 위치 정밀도 개선을 한다. 실험 결과는 제안 위치추정 방식이 실내 환경에서 더 정밀함을 보인다.

• 정보와 통신
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2003