• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.63-74
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• 2007

Together with the concern about the indoor all quality as sick house syndrome, the Ministry of Environment announced "Indoor Air Quality Control Law for the Multi Purpose Facility," which made the interests to be focused in the urgent understanding of current condition and preparation of measures about the indoor air pollution. In Dec 2005, the law was revised to obligatorily notify the amount of Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds in the case of newly constructed apartments with more than 100 houses. School also have its own indoor air quality guideline, Indoor air quality in school is very important because, children who very weak to indoor pollutants reside long time in there. The purpose of this paper is to survey indoor air qualify in school by field measurement. Field measurements were performed in 11 schools which were selected from 3 major cities(Incheon, Dae-jeon, chuncheon) in korea, during July, 2004. Totally concentration of Indoor pollutants were determined in 27 classroom. Target air pollutants were TVOC, formaldehyde, dust, CO, CO2 and NO2. For the result of this investigation, Indoor air quality in classroom was very poor and it was found that some pollutants (TVOC, float bacteria) exceed the guideline.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제40호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2003

Complex-cultural facilities in the contemporary era are significantly influenced by the anti-modernism and space relativism movement of the 20th century. Complex-cultural facilities have the complex-layered space. In many contemporary buildings, this complex-layered space has void center space within it which primarily functions as indoor plaza. This study pays attention to the fact that the design of indoor plaza has developed differently in Europe and the US, which vividly demonstrates spatial relativism in contemporary buildings. With this backdrop, I analyze the architectural and cultural backgrounds of indoor plaza in Europe and the US. In addition, I examine the cultural functions and visual interpretation of indoor plaza in the regions to compare the design features and functionality.

• 교육시설
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

Kindergarten children are engaged in the age of physical immaturity as well as the rapid growth. The indoor air contaminants that are proved to affect even the full grown adults are obvious to have no little influence to immature small children in a growth period. In May 2004, for the multi purpose facilities and newly constructed apartments, the Ministry of Environment announced "Indoor Air Quality Control Law for the Multi Purpose Facility," which made the interests to be focused in the urgent understanding of current condition and preparation of measures about the indoor air pollution. In Dec 2005, the law was revised to obligatorily notify the amount of Formaldehyde and Volatile Organic Compounds in the case of newly constructed apartments with more than 100 houses. However, since the kindergarten takes none of the classifications, even the current condition is not grasped although it is directly connected to the health of growing children. Therefore, the study aims to analyze indoor air pollution of one selected kindergarten in Incheon city.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2008

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were $1{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$ level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.39-52
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• 2000

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference in facilities of natural recreation forests developed by public and private body to answer the research that what is the difference in development of natural recreation forest between public and private developer\ulcorner After reviewing the literatures, developer's decision-making and motivation of investment, and the planning process of natural recreation forest, we had constructed th conceptual framework and have found the hypothesis of this research. Using data on development status of natural recreation forests and questionnaire surveying of 625 visitors from 9 among 72 natural recreation forests in Korea, We analyzed the data through the comparison of quantity of facilities per 1000 visitors and logistic regression method for quality of facilities. We have found that 1) the six facilities have been turned out to be statistically significant in determining the difference of public and private recreation forests. i.e., infrastructure including roads, maintenance and information and lodging and evacuation, indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, 2) public recreation forests are well equipped such basic facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation while private recreation forests are well equipped such facility as indoor education, outdoor education, and shopping, and 3) the importance of such facility as roads, maintenance and information, lodging and evacuation, outdoor education, and shopping have been turned out to have 1.99, 2.26, 1.99, 3.01 and 2.24 times more important than that of indoor education, respectively. We can conclude that public recreation forest seems to be equipped with the facilities for sound recreational opportunities for general public, and private recreation forest turned out to have more facilities for pursuit of profits, installed basic facilities for user convenience and service, and special facilities for attracting user and raising revenue. Using the results of this research, we can make a guideline for a market positioning, and standards and provisions of natural recreation forests. We suggest that the relationship between user-satisfaction and recreation facility is needed to be examined in the future research.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2024

연구목적: 환경부 통계에 의하면 2014년부터 2023년까지 국내 화재·폭발사고가 132건 이상에 이르는 것을 알 수 있다. 이중 화재·폭발사고는 발생 시 규모나 영향이 상대적으로 매우 커서 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 인화성의 유해화학물질 취급 시 실내 취급시설의 적정 환기율을 계산하는 새로운 합리적인 방법을 제안하였다. 연구방법: 취급시설의 바닥면적만을 기준으로 한 현행 화학물질관리법 상 계산방법과 비교하여 보다 합리적인 새로운 방법은 취급하는 유해화학물질의 물리화학적인 특성을 기반으로 계산하는 방법이다. 연구결과:물리화학적 특성을 고려하여 계산한 결과 인화성물질 178종 중 168종인 약 94%이 환기량 기준에 적합하였다. 그러나 일부 물질은 과소환기 및 과대환기를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론:본 연구를 통해 합리적인 필요환기량 산정방법을 제안하였고 이를 통해 근로자의 안전을 확보하고 생명을 보호해야 할 것이다.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

There are high recognitions on the importance of comforts in Elderly living environment, but the circumstance is that studies on seniors facility space itself are approached only in planning level, and studies on lighting environment which is significantly associated with the comfort in the indoor environment of seniors where they actually spend the majority of their time are not that active. This study was intended to deduce cozy bedroom environment to which existing elderly care facility can be improved by using light shelf the lighting system with the advantage of being able to serve both as building sun visor and lighting window simultaneously in order to analyze the interior environment of bedroom space of elderly care facility the indoor space where the aged spend the majority of their life and examine the directions for the improvement of existing building lighting system through remodeling and renovation. In this study, lighting performance analysis was done in a way that the windows of the bedroom unit in existing facility were set in southbound direction based on two standard types and were put under initial simulation with the use of Autodesk Revit 2011, and after the simulation results were converted to Green Building Studio gbXML file to be used in ECOTECT, Daylight Autonomy a dynamic simulation and static natural lighting simulation the existing method of calculating daylight factors were deduced through Ecotect Analysis 2011. In conclusion, exiting standard model was found in such a condition that the daylight factors for both type A and type B were above 5% the proper standard value, and required improvement. In case light shelf the natural lighting system was attached, the daylight factor was improved to proper standard value for type A, and also was improved above existing facility for type B.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.398-409
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• 2021

Background: The types and effects of hazardous pollutants in indoor air may vary depending on the characteristics of the sources and pollutants caused by physical and chemical properties of buildings, the influence of outdoor air, and the exposure and use characteristics of residents. Objectives: This study was conducted to provide basic data on the establish of indoor air quality management for different classes of public-use facilities by presenting the characteristics of concentration distribution of hazardous pollutants by different public-use facilities and the status of the excess proportion of exceeding standards. Methods: This study analyzed self-measurement data from public-use facilities taken from 2017 to 2019 A total of 133,525 facilities were surveyed. A total of 10 types of pollutants that have maintenance and recommended standards stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality Control Act from the Ministry of Environment were investigated. The excess proportion and the substances exceeding the criteria for each type of public-use facilities for these pollutants were investigated. Results: As a result of the analysis of the proportion of exceeding the standard for each type of public-use facility, the facilities with the highest excess proportion of the standards for each hazardous pollutant were: PM₁₀ in railway stations (8.93%), PM_2.5 in daycare centers (7.36%), CO₂ in bus terminals (2.37%), HCHO in postpartum care centers (4.11%), total airborne bacteria in daycare centers (0.69%), CO in museums (0.1%), NO₂ in postpartum care centers (1.15%), Rn in museums (0.78%), total volatile organic compounds in postpartum care centers (7.20%) and mold in daycare centers (1.44%). Conclusions: Although uncertainty may arise because this study is a result of self-measurement, it is considered that this study has significance for providing basic data on the establishment in the future of indoor air quality management measures customized for each type of public-use facility.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2019

협업과 소통하는 업무 분위기가 중시되면서 개방형 사무실이나 공유사무실이 나타나고 있다. 기존에는 사용자가 공간 유지보수의 주체가 되었으나 정해진 자리가 없어지면서 실내공간의 유지관리가 어렵게 되었다. ICBM 프레임워크를 활용한다면 실내 공간에 대한 정보를 수집하고, 공간유지보수에 활용 할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 ICBM(Internet of Things, Cloud, Big Data, Mobile) 기반의 프레임워크를 제안하고 이를 활용한 실내공간 유지관리 시스템의 가능성을 검토 하였다. IoT(Internet of Things, 사물인터넷)기술을 이용하여 실내의 온도, 상대습도, 재실 여부, 밝기를 지속적으로 측정하고 WiFi를 통해 Web API 에 제공한다. 온습도센서, 조도센서, 초음파 거리센서와 와이파이 모듈로 구성된 IoT 디바이스를 설계하고 프로토타입을 제작하였다. IoT를 통해 자동으로 취득된 데이터와 기존 유지보수 데이터, 공간정보가 Cloud(클라우드)를 통해 통합된다. 센서로 수집한 Big Data(빅데이터)는 유지보수용으로 의미 있는 공간 정보로 가공할 수 있을 것이다. 실내 공간 정보 및 유지관리 사항을 모바일(Mobile)을 통해 관리자에게 전달할 수 있다. 데이터 수집결과, 사용된 초음파센서의 측정범위 한계로 인해 재실여부의 파악은 제한적이었다. 하지만 밝기 정보는 공간의 활용 행태를 충분히 나타내어, 조명의 켜짐/꺼짐여부와 주말, 주중의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 온도와 상대습도 정보 또한 안정적으로 수집되어 공간의 쾌적성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1325-1329
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• 2007

Indoor air quality is an important determinant of human health and comfort. However, the complexity of pollution sources and the multitude of parties responsible for creating indoor exposures makes the improvement of air quality difficult. The HVAC(Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) system is important facility to provide comfortable environment passenger service. The Ministry of Environment is established "Indoor Air Quality Management guidelines in Public Facilities"in December 2006. Hereupon, the train and the subway are included. In this research air quality in the Subway compartment has been measured. As a result, the concentrations of PM10 and $CO_2$ were reached to 93% and 61% of the regulation values, respectively. Thus, the indoor air qualities of subway have been proved that they satisfy the recommended guidelines by the Ministry of Environment.