• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2022

Purpose: Because of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many cases of using portable negative pressure unit to convert general wards into temporary negative pressure isolation wards. The purpose of this study is to analyze the indoor environment of the switching type wards. Methods: Field measurements and experiments were conducted in a medical facility. Air volume, wind speed and pressure difference were measured in non-occupant state. Dispersion tests were performed with gas and particle matter. Results: The pressure difference between the wards and the corridor was higher than -2.5 Pa in normal situation. However, in the gas and particle dispersion tests, it was found that there were concerns about the spread through leakages in low-airtight walls or ceilings. In addition, it was confirmed that the pressure imbalance in ducts through the non-sealed diffusers could cause back flow during portable unit operation. Furthermore, when there was a pressure difference between adjacent wards planned to be at same pressure level, the possibility of the spread through the leakages was found. Implications: When using portable units for making switching type wards, it is necessary to create airtight space and seal the non-operation diffusers. In case of operating the air handling unit, T.A.B must be performed to adjust the duct balancing.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2023

Background: Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can have acute and chronic health effects on human beings in general and in working environments. In particular, VOCs are often emitted in large quantities in industrial settings. In such circumstances, there is a need to improve the indoor air quality at workplaces. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to verify the effectiveness of air cleaning devices in workplaces and provide alternative solutions for improving working environments. Methods: Personal exposure and area level of VOCs for workers were evaluated in a car-part adhesive process before and after installing an air cleaning device with a TiO₂-coated filter. Passive samplers and direct reading instruments were used to collect and analyze the VOCs, and the removal efficiency and improvement of air quality were evaluated. We also calculated the exposure index (EI) to assess the risk level in the workplace. Results: The removal efficiency for VOCs through the installation of the air cleaning device was approximately 26.9~69.0% as determined by the concentration levels before and after installation. The measured substances did not exceed the exposure limits for the work environment and the EI was less than 1. However, carcinogenic substances such as benzene, formaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride, and trichloroethylene were detected. Conclusions: The application of an air cleaning device can be a solution for controlling the indoor air quality in a workplace, particularly in cases where ventilation systems cannot be installed due to process limitations.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.127-137
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• 2022

Effects of substrate bed interior environments on mushroom qualities were investigated in oyster mushroom cultivation facilities in which either Reversible Air-Circulation Fans (RACF) blowing air in two directions (upwards and downwards) or customary Convection Fans (CF) with air blowing only upwards were operated throughout the cultivation period. Two days before harvest, the deviation ranges of the bed interior temperature and relative humidity in the facility using RACF were in the ranges of 1.0-1.3℃ and 7.8-9.0% in the first growing cycle, and within 0.7-1.1℃ and 10.0-11.4% in the second cycle. In the facility using CF, the ranges of variation in the indoor environment parameters (5.8-6.4℃ and 21.3-23.1% in the first growing cycle, and 3.4-5.7℃ and 14.6-18.3% in the second growing cycle) were much enlarged compared to those associated with RACF. These results strongly indicate that RACF significantly enhances air uniformity. Some mushroom qualities differed between growing cycles. For instance RACF in the first cycle gave somewhat better qualities than CF, but some qualities, like pileus diameter and stipe length, were slightly lower than those described for CF in the second cycle when the cultivation substrate weakened. The observation that some qualities worsened under RACF conditions, despite better air uniformity during the growing cycle, revealed the possibility that downward wind may exert a non-negligible negative effect on mushroom growth. Therefore in the future, making wind measurements on the interior and exterior of substrate beds is necessary to obtain insights into their influences on mushroom qualities. The RACF operation manual needs to be edited to convey this necessity.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.855-875
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest a guideline for outdoor play settings in child care centers. From March to July, 2005, data were collected from 223 directors at child care centers through a structured questionnaire, field measurement survey and non-participatory observation in seventeen child care centers in Seoul and Daejeon. The statistical methods for analysing data were frequency, percentage, mean, $X^2$ and F-test. The results showed as follows: 1)the existing outdoor playground area in child care centers should be expanded more than $4\;m^2$ per child. 2) Outdoor play facilities should be equipped with two structured play sets, a play facility for unstructured play and an adventure facility to make child's various activities possible and to promote child development. 3)flooring materials for outdoor playground should be required to use more than three kinds such as solid coverings (cf. asphalt, standard concrete), wood, lawn, soil or sands. 4)to let children enjoy various activities, outdoor playground area should be composed of various play facilities like indoor play gyms and should be independent but have good connections between play facilities depending on characteristics of play activities. 5)Play spaces of outdoor playground should be composed of physical play space, unstructured and dramatized play space, rest space, space for nature and adventure space. In addition, appropriate play equipments should be provided in respective play space.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.48-57
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• 2010

Nowadays, public rental apartments' community facilities emphasize only their quantity aspect without considering residents' characteristics, leading their installation regulations to be based on only the number of households, which is problematic. As a result, in many cases, residents, after moving in, alter the facility usage or remodel the facilities for their use. Hereby, this study conducted focus group interviews with public rental apartments' residents as to find out space conditions of and improvement demands for the community facilities. Two public rental apartment complexes in Seoul and Gyeongi-do which were built after 2007 were selected for this study. As for the survey method, workshop panel was employed. Four people in each age class of infants, children, adolescents, adults, and seniors were formed into one group, and a total of 40 people in 10 groups were surveyed. The survey was continuously conducted from February to March in 2009. The study findings can be summarized as follows. 1) Among community facilities, there were more satisfactory outdoor facilities than satisfactory indoor facilities. Residents expressed satisfaction with the facilities linked with natural environment. The causes of unsatisfactory facilities were mostly poor management. 2) The facilities demanded by the residents included ones relevant to study, exercise, and hobbies. As public rental apartments are resided mostly by low-income families, study and hobby activities bring them cost problems. Therefore, it is needed that the apartment complexes support diverse such activities 3) As for facilities demanded for usage alteration, a residents' meeting room accounted for the most popular opinions. As it was used only once a week, its usage was very low. It should be opened to the residents and allowed to be used in various ways. 4) As for demands of changing spatial characteristics, outdoor exercise facilities accounted for the most opinions. Although they were installed in most cases, they were damaged and poorly managed, therefore being in need of improvement in operation and management. In order to maximally utilize public rental apartments' community facilities, facility planning in consideration of various age groups from residents' viewpoint and sustainable systematic management are required.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.253-261
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• 2007

Because the hatred and phenomenon of NIMBY for charnel house become an issue, it is the actual condition that charnel facilities are not activated in urban. The purpose of this study Is to examine the space plan of charnel house that introduces the community concept; and then shows the way of interior design for charnel house connected with community space. The following researches are drawn based upon the purpose First, the present conditions and general functions of charnel house are considered closely and revised funeral policy that affects the organization of interior space in charnel house is analysed. Second, the case study for chanel house is limited to the indoor types among the existing researches for charnel house plan. Four charnel houses where were built after 2000 are selected for building standard of space organization in charnel house connected with community facility. Third, the concept and function of community space are considered and the space which can accommodate in charnel house is investigated. Fourth, the concept and organizational framework model of charnel house connected with community facility as a intermediate area In urban Indicate. Fifth, the concrete interior plan for charnel house connected with community space is proposed on the design case of charnel house that are located in urban area. The result of this study is expected to reduce a complicated matter with local residents and to have a correct understanding of charnel house in the future as the existing charnel facilities that have financial difficulty should make a remodeling plan including the community space that give mutual connection to area.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2007

The purposes of this study were to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment, to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements, and to find out the consumer preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. Library and internet surveys were performed to summarize the concept of well-being and well-being apartment and to grasp the present condition of apartments which were introduced with well-being elements. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 2nd to 22nd of June 2005, to investigate the preferences on well-being elements for apartment planning. The respondents were 250 residents who are from thirties to fifties and living in urban area. As results, respondents think that 'living for health of body and mind' about concept of well-being and 'certificated apartments by green building rating system' or 'apartments introduced ecological factor' about concept of well-being apartment. They answered that 'yes' about 'Do you have intention to buy well-being apartment?'. The elements in aspect of complex planning having the preference were revealed that promenade for complex design, ecological garden or walking space for landscape design, outdoor exercise space for outdoor design, and security system for foundation equipment. The elements having the preference in aspect of public facilities were fitness room for sports & health facility and study room for cultural facility. The preferred elements in aspect of building and unit design were roof garden for building design, multi-functional room for unit floor plan, natural surface material for interior surface, ventilation system for indoor environment, control system for home automation, and food waste machine for home electronics.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2009

One of the problems we face up at the time of planning or improving a transportation transfer facility is which modes and how close we have to put together. The goal here is to keep the connecting transportation mode as close as possible to the prime transit mode, so people travel a minimum transfer path, a distance from one mode to another. Too much a physical separation between modes will limit, even with an intensive improvement of the component links, the level of service of a transfer path as a whole. This study defined a transfer path as the whole stretch of the distance from an arrival point of one mode to the departure point of the connecting mode. The transfer path was divided into three typical segments as side walk, stairways, and indoor corridors. Preference surveys were made for each of these segments, resulting in relative resistance. The sum of individual segments weighted with the relative resistance will make a transfer resistance of the path, which in turn constitutes a transfer utility function together with the overall satisfaction score obtained by the interview survey. The transfer utility function has been utilized to evaluate the transfer distance between modes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5333-5341
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• 2014

Recently, with the increasing interest in facility management based on indoor spatial information, various studies have been attempted to manage facility conversion between BIM and GIS. Visualization of the geometry data for a large-scale is one of the major issues to the maintenance system. Therefore, this study designed the spatial indexing algorithm through an IFC schema-based scenario for the effective visualization of BIM data based on GIS. A part of the algorithm was developed implementing the OcTree structure and this research has a test for the developed output with IFC sample data. Ultimately, we propose the spatial indexing method for the effective visualization of BIM data based on GIS.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.92-98
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• 2021

The noise management in the interior of the power plant is difficult because the interior is large and the noise level varies greatly from location to location. Therefore, a noise visualization system capable of analyzing the noise distribution is required in order to effectively manage the interior noise. A noise mapping system was developed that can model the inside of the turbine room and create a noise map by measuring the noise level at selected points. And in order to increase the reliability of the model, the model was modified through a method of comparing the noise map and the actual noise measurement results. Facility abnormalities can be determined through regular analysis of noise maps, and a method of effectively managing the interior noise is presented by comparing and analyzing the frequencies and levels of the current and previous noise at a specific point. By using the mapping system, it is possible to establish noise countermeasures that can improve the working environment, check the machine for abnormalities, and increase the reliability of the facility through preventive maintenance.