• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.111-120
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to investigate the actual state of the indoor thermal and air environment in general apartment houses during winter in Cheongju City, to analyze the related factors with the indoor thermal and air environment, and to make suggestions for the improvement. A series of visiting field investigation was conducted in twenty units between 28th December, 2010, and 11th March, 2011. The field investigations included the measurement of physical indoor environmental conditions, the observation of architectural characteristics and resident's behavior, and the on-site questionnaire survey of residents. The measured values of each units were compared to evaluation standard and were categorized to group by the difference between units. Factors related to the difference of the measured values between the groups were analyzed. The findings are summarized as followed. The indoor temperature of apartment houses during winter in Cheongju City was generally suitable. The relative humidity was slightly dry, while the $CO_2$ concentration was found to be excessively high. The factors related indoor environment were analysed as heating operation, ventilation, gas range use, and hanging out the wash to dry in indoors.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

It is not sufficient to control the indoor thermal environment using only one or two parameters by itself as human response for the control of indoor thermal environment. So a proper environmental thermal index is required for the control of indoor thermal environment effectively. In this study, the physical environment was measured and analysed and the skin temperature of the subjects and their response were investigated to evaluate the optimum thermal comfort range for cooling season in an apartment house. As a result, the optimal temperature was 26.1$^{\circ}C$ and the temperature ranges which more than 80% responded as satisfactory were 24.1~28.$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the OT had most significant interrelation with the PMV, it is desirable to use the OT in evaluating the thermal environment during cooling. Also, the comfort range was concluded between OT 25.5~27.3$^{\circ}C$ by appointing the PMV of -0.5~0.5 as the optimum comfort condition. In addition, the Human responses were compared with calculated PMV, OT and MRT and the relationships are suggested in order to utilize to control indoor thermal environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

This survey is to investigate the effect of plants and waterscape facilities on the thermal indoor environment and to provide basic data for proper plant cultivation to enhance indoor landscape. The survey of the measure of comfort on the indoor environment for the residents of Taegu shows that the measure of comfort on the thermal-environment, which consist of temperature and humidity, has more negative responses than the measure on lighting . are . sound environment, which consists of air freshness, lighting condition and sound environment. The experiments on the effect of the amount of leaves and the distance of plants on the indoor thermal-environment are made. The experimental results illustrate that, as the capacity of a plant becomes greater and the distance from the plant shorter, the falling effect of temperature and the rising effect of humidity on the top of the plant are taken higher than on the side of the plant. When the same amount of leaves is set up, the distance range of the rising effect of humidity becomes wider than that of the falling effect of temperature. The investigation of the effect of waterscape facilities on the indoor thermal-environment shows that temperature and humidity of the space with installed waterscape facilities are lower and higher than without facilities, respectively.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

As more serious environmental problems of buildings, many researchers have recognized the importance of preserving the environment where we live as well as a necessity of developing architecture with eco-environmentally. As a result, our country and some advanced countries have tried to solve these problems in that developed green building assessment tools for estimating environmental performance of buildings. Among many kinds of buildings, hospital which have been relation with human beings has been laking in basic raw materials of researching hospital's environment. Especially, there are few materials about indoor environment of hospital. So, the facilities of patients not only have to depend on the quality of natural environment but be also taken into account of patients. The purpose of this study is to prepare the basic data to develop the items of indoor environmental assessment for hospital to improve the quality of hospital's indoor environment. To come to a conclusion, we used a method of comparing domestic green building certification criteria, LEED v.2.2 and GBTool 2005. Then, we analyzed them for the case studies. Consequently, we could grasp basic data to assist in effecting domestic green building certification criteria for hopital. Furthermore, we have made a progressive research about setting grades of it.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.371-383
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• 1999

This paper discusses the importance of indoor air quality based on literaure review of domestic and foreign studies. A number of international efforts to propose standards and guidelines for indoor environmental quality are also reviewed. The pattern of major studies on indoor air quality focussed on characterizaton of gaseous pollutants, particulates, and other specific pollutants during the past decades, whereas VOCs, specific carcinogen, and microbiological agents might be good target pollutants to investigate the effects of human health in recent years. Management of indoor air quality requires a different approach than that adopted for outdoor air. Adequate ventilation of the indoor environment is essential, and a balance between energy conservation and the need for good air quality is required. The ways for managing indoor air quality that will be of great importance are discussed a role of control policy for guidance on how to achieve good indoor air quality.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.58-68
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• 2011

This paper proposes a technique of indoor localization for mobile robot by so called indoor GPS and EKF. Basically the concept of indoor GPS is similar outdoor GPS, and the indoor GPS gets distances between Anchors and Tag by a ranging method of CSS and then estimates the coordinate by distances and known Anchor positions. After we performed performance test of indoor GPS system in ideal and multipath environment, we configured that the indoor GPS has internal error factors and external error factors. This paper handled a multipath problem belonging to external error factors. At first various direct physical method are introduced to fix the multipath problems, and as expected we got errors corrected considerably. And then the method of selective anchors for indoor GPS is applied. With these two level improvement of indoor GPS performance, EKF(Extended Kalman Filter) is applied to mobile robot in indoor environment. The usefulness of the proposed methods are shown by a series of experiments in a environment giving contaminated data by multipath.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.71-80
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• 2016

Along with the increase in the standard of living, the interest and awareness level of the public about environmental issues have also gradually increased. Recently, time spent on indoor activities have increased and the need for awareness and demand on methods in improving the quality of an indoor environment has been recognized. The purpose of this study is to sense the environment information through real-time monitoring of the room environment by using the IoT based technology and to maintain and improve the indoor environment to an appropriate level through the developed interlocking controller device. This provides an automatic control system in improving the indoor environment at home and other small areas like general offices in place of the traditional passive interior environmental improvement actions or large-scale facility control system. A status analysis with the relative reference values of the air quality and CO2, temperature and humidity and illumination and noise was applied through transmitting a control signal to automatic control module in accordance with the nine indoor environment standards set to improve the indoor environment.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.668-674
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• 2019

Objectives: Modern people spend most of their day indoors. As the health impact of radon becomes an issue, public interest also has been growing. The primary route of potential human exposure to radon is inhalation. Long-term exposure to high levels of radon increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Radon exposure is known to be the second-leading cause of lung cancer, following tobacco smoke. This study measures the indoor radon concentrations in detached houses in area A of Chungcheongbuk-do Province considering the construction year, cracks in the houses, the location of installed detectors, and seasonal effects. Methods: The survey was conducted from September 2017 to April 2018 on 1,872 private households located in selected areas in northern Chungcheongbuk-do Province to figure out the year of building construction and the location of detector installed and identify the factors which affect radon concentrations in the air within the building. Radon was measured using a manual alpha track detector (Raduet, Hungary) with a sampling period of longer than 90 days. Results: Indoor radon concentrations in winter within area A was surveyed to be 168.3±193.3 Bq/㎥. There was more than a 2.3 times difference between buildings built before 1979 and those built after 2010. The concentration reached 195.4±221.9 Bq/㎥ for buildings with fractures and 167.2±192.4 Bq/㎥ for buildings without fractures. It was found that detectors installed in household areas with windows exhibited a lower concentration than those installed in concealed spaces. Conclusion: High concentrations of indoor radon were shown when there was a crack in the house. Also, ventilation seems to significantly affect radon concentrations because when the location of the detector in the installed site was near windows compared to an enclosed area, radon concentration variation increased. Therefore, it is considered that radon concentration is lower in summer because natural ventilation occurs more often than in winter.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.101-110
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• 1997

The intent of this study is to propose a method for appraisal of the indoor thermal environment of apartment housing by measuring physical factors and residents' response to questionnaire survey. The experiments were performed on eight houses each in summer (August 18 through 31,1995) and winer (february 16 through 20,1996). It included measurements of indoor air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. The questionnaire surveys were performed each in summer (July 16 through 20, 1996) and winer (February 13 through 16, 1996). And 248 cases in summer and 297 cases in winter were used in analysis. These questionnaire surveys asked residents' response about thermal sensation, humidity sensation, sense of air freshness regarding the indoor thermal environment. data acquired through the experiments and questionnaire surveys were then transferred to scales that allowed relative comparison, and measured to an appraisal standard chart. Appraisal tools included appraisal charts and radar charts. Indoor thermal environment was judged to be positive according to experiments, but residents appraised the thermal environment to be average. This difference between the two can be found in the strict standards by which residents judge the thermal environment of their apartments.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.89-96
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• 2008

This study measured the thermal environment and residents' control behaviors of cooing according to 3 groups of household type-families with preschool children, families of middle age and families of senior. The object of this study are to fmd the difference of the actual condition of indoor thermal environment and cooling control behavior by age or household type and to develop user oriented climate control system. The results were summarized as follows. When the age of members at household is younger, the indoor mean temperature and temperature that people turned off the air conditioner became lower. These different indoor thermal environment of each group means that younger generation is familiar with cooler from their early age and these early uses of cooler made them prefer cooler condition than family of senior. Therefore, this results show that different indoor thermal environment is influenced by factors such as household type and metabolism difference and so on.