• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2014

This paper considers the crucial problem of deploying wireless relays for achieving a connected wireless sensor network in indoor environments, an important aspect related to the management of the sensor network. Several algorithms have been proposed for ensuring full sensing coverage and network connectivity. These algorithms are not applicable to indoor environments because of the complexity of indoor environments, in which a radio signal can be dramatically degraded by obstacles such as walls. We first prove theoretically that the indoor relay placement problem is NP-hard. We then predict the radio coverage of a given relay deployment in indoor environments. We consider two practical scenarios; wire-connected relays and radio-connected relays. For the network with wire-connected relays, we propose an efficient greedy algorithm to compute the deployment locations of relays for achieving the required coverage percentage. This algorithm is proved to provide a $H_n$ factor approximation to the theoretical optimum, where $H_n=1+{\frac{1}{2}}+{\cdots}+{\frac{1}{n}}={\ln}(n)+1$, and n is the number of all grid points. In the network with radio-connected relays, relays have to be connected in an ad hoc mode. We then propose an algorithm based on the previous algorithm for ensuring the connectivity of relays. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve better performance than baseline algorithms.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.566-573
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• 2004

This paper describes the ubiquitous home network (uHome-net) testbed and LonRF intelligent devices based on LonWorks technology. These devices consist of Neuron Chip, RF transceiver, sensor, and other peripheral components. Using LonRF devices, a home control network can be simplified and most devices can be operated on LonWorks control network. Also, Indoor Positioning System (IPS) that can serve various location based services was implemented in uHome-net. Smart Badge of IPS, that is a special LonRF device, can measure the 3D location of objects in the indoor environment. In the uHome-net testbed, remote control service, cooking help service, wireless remote metering service, baby monitoring service and security ＆ fire prevention service were realized. This research shows the vision of the ubiquitous home network that will be emerged in the near future.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

The international concern on the inhalable fine dust is continuing to increase. In addition to the toxic properties of the fine dust itself, it can be more dangerous than other environmental factors since the dust pollution is hard to be detected by human sense. Although the information on outdoor air condition can be acquired easily, the indoor dust concentration is another problem because the indoor air condition is influenced by the architectural environment and human activity. It means occupants may be exposed to indoor dust pollution over a long period without being aware. Therefore the indoor dust concentration should be measured separately and visualized as an intuitive information. By visualizing, the indoor dust concentration in each space can be recognized practically in compare with the degree of pollution in adjacent spaces. Besides the visualization outcome can be used as base data for related research such as an analysis of the relation between indoor dust concentration and architectural environment. Meanwhile, with the development of network and micro sensing devices, it became possible to collect wide range of indoor environment data. In this regards, this paper suggests a system for visualization of indoor dust concentration and demonstrates it on an actual space.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

실내공간은 공간정보 서비스의 새로운 대상이다. 최근 실내공간 측위 기술의 발달과 스마트폰 등 이동기기의 보편화로 실내공간도 위치기반 서비스와 같은 서비스가 가능하여지고 있다. 따라서 실내공간 정보의 교환 및 공유를 위한 표준화도 중요한 요구사항으로 떠오르고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 국제공간정보 표준화기구인 OGC에서는 실내공간정보 표준인 IndoorGML 표준화 작업반을 2012년에 조직하고 2013년 9월 표준화를 목적으로 현재 작업 중이다. IndoorGML은 특히 실내공간의 위치기반 서비스를 제공하기 위하여 가장 기초가 되는 네트워크 위상을 표현하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 첫 번째로 현재 표준화되고 있는 IndoorGML의 기본 개념을 설명한다. 두 번째로 IndoorGML의 모델의 구체적 사항을 살펴보고, 세 번째 간단한 응용 사례를 제시한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2008

An indoor environmental monitoring system using IEEE 802.15.4 based wireless sensor network is proposed to monitor the amount of pollutant entering to the room from outside and also the amount of pollutant that is generated in indoor by the building materials itself or human activities. Small-size, low-power wireless sensor node and low power electrochemical sensor board is designed to measure the condition of indoor environment in buildings such as home, offices, commercial premises and schools. In this paper, two query models, the broadcasting query protocol and flooding query protocol, were designed and programmed as a query-based routing protocol in wireless sensor network for an environment monitoring system. The flooding query routing protocol in environment monitoring is very effective as a power saving routing protocol and reliable data transmission between sensor nodes.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2021

Indoor positioning system becomes of increasing interests due to the demands for accurate indoor location information where Global Navigation Satellite System signal does not approach. Wi-Fi access points (APs) built in many construction in advance helps developing a Wi-Fi Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) based indoor localization. This localization method first collects pairs of position and RSSI measurement set, which is called fingerprint database, and then estimates a user's position when given a query measurement set by comparing the fingerprint database. The challenge arises from nonlinearity and noise on Wi-Fi RSSI measurements and complexity of handling a large amount of the fingerprint data. In this paper, machine learning techniques have been applied to implement Wi-Fi based localization. However, most of existing indoor localizations focus on single position estimation. The main contribution of this paper is to develop multi-target localization by using deep neural, which is beneficial when a massive crowd requests positioning service. This paper evaluates the proposed multilocalization based on deep learning from a multi-story building, and analyses its learning effect as increasing number of target positions.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.3145-3162
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• 2023

As an important technology of the internetwork, wireless sensor network technique plays an important role in indoor localization. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) problem has a large effect on indoor location accuracy. A location algorithm based on improved particle filter and directional probabilistic data association (IPF-DPDA) for WSN is proposed to solve NLOS issue in this paper. Firstly, the improved particle filter is proposed to reduce error of measuring distance. Then the hypothesis test is used to detect whether measurements are in LOS situations or NLOS situations for N different groups. When there are measurements in the validation gate, the corresponding association probabilities are applied to weight retained position estimate to gain final location estimation. We have improved the traditional data association and added directional information on the original basis. If the validation gate has no measured value, we make use of the Kalman prediction value to renew. Finally, simulation and experimental results show that compared with existing methods, the IPF-DPDA performance better.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2007년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.397-400
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 소형, 저전력 센서와 센서 인터페이스를 구현하여 빌딩내의 실내 공조시스템과 함께 연동하고자 하였다. 빌딩 내 공조시스템은 저비용인 저전력 무선센서 노드간의 네트워크를 형성하여 각 룸마다 오염농도를 분석하여 룸의 오염 상태를 확인 한 후 실내 공조시스템에 있는 팬을 자동으로 조절해서 최적의 환경을 조성할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 GUI 인터페이스를 통해 각 룸의 있는 센서노드의 배터리 상태를 확인할 수 있는 것은 물론 모니터링이 필요한 가스의 농도와 온도 등을 확인 할 수도 있었다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.15.4와 Zigbee를 지원하는 근거리 통신망을 갖는 저전력 무선센서 노드를 이용하여 무선센서 네트워크를 형성하기 위해 Ad-hoc 기능을 갖는 Simple forwarding routing을 구현하였다. 그리고 가스센서의 전력소모를 줄이기 위해서 전기화학적으로 환원 또는 산화하여 외부회로에 흐르는 전류를 측정하는 저전력 전기화학식 가스센서를 사용하였으며, 가스센서 인터페이스를 저전력으로 동작하도록 설계하였다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2007

Indoor location system using wireless sensor network technology was applied for the status evaluation and activity monitoring of elderly person or chronic invalid at home. Location awareness application is transparent to the daily activities, while providing the embedded computing infrastructure with an awareness of what is happening in this space. To locate an object, the active ceiling-mounted reference beacons were placed throughout the building. Reference beacons periodically publish location information on RF and ultrasonic signals to allow application running on mobile or static nodes to study and determine their physical location. Once object-carried passive listener receives the information, it subsequently determines it's location from reference beacons. By using only the sensor nodes without any external network infrastructure the cost of the system was reduced while the accuracy in our experiments. was fairly good and fine grained between 7 and 15 cm for location awareness in indoor environments. Passive architecture used here provides the security of the user privacy while at the server the privacy was secured by providing the authentication using Geopriv approach. This information from sensor nodes is further forwarded to base station where further computation is performed to determine the current position of object and several applications are enabled for context awareness.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2006년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.311-318
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• 2006

CFD simulation is a tool very useful to predict the generation and absorption of the contaminant from the construction materials for the single room condition. However, there is a limit in multi-room simulation for analyzing air movement and contaminant concentration at the condition that the door of each room was closed. A lot of network simulation tool were developed which can used to analyze the mass transfer and contaminant concentration as results in the multi-room condition. However, existing network simulation method was not able to analyze the change of the heating and cooling load with the ventilation as though the change of the indoor air-pollution density was predictable. In this study, new approach to predict heating/cooling load and indoor contaminant concentration will be reviewed. New indoor contaminant concentration module reviewed in this study wad coupled with existing ESP-r network simulation method. The validity of new approach will be analysed for comparison the results of simulation and field measurement results.