• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.35-41
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• 2015

Objectives: This study aimed to provide basic information for the trend of individual-authorization on functional food materials in Korea to side of Korean medicine. Methods: Approval of materials for individual-authorized functional food in Korea was analyzed from 2004 to August 2015 using database from Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), regarding the kinds of function, materials and their functional level by year. Results: Korean functional food market has rapidly grown to 1.56 trillion Won in 2014, with about 10% of annual growth rate. In particular, the increase of individual-authorized functional food is worth of notices, in detail 313 kinds of functional materials covering 31 body functions have been approved by August 2015. 15.7% of individual-authorized functional foods have used the herbal materials. This quantitative and qualitative expansion of functional foods, especially of individual-authorized functional foods, will affect the herbal drug industry negatively. Conclusion: This study figured out the current pattern of material approval for individual-authorized functional food in Korea, which would be essential in development of strategies by Korean medicine community in order to overcome such conditions.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.129-144
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to illuminate the ways to im-prove the level of life satisfaction of the elderly who chose or happened to live at paid facilities by examining some of factors such as individual family social support and facility related el-ements that would influence their life satisfaction. The interview outcomes came out in three main discussions. First the general characteristics of the participating elderly appeared to be that most of them were ver7y elderly relatively highly educated females and religions and the rate of being ill was high. And a half of them considered themselves as heal- thy people and the other half as unhealthy. Secondly in view of statisticsal results the level of their life satisfaction was influnced by their individual family and facillity related factors. As far as their individual related factor are concerned the level of one party's life satisfaction was relative-ely higher than that of other's when the person is female had religio presumed oneself as in healthy and good physical condition. And when participating member keeps good relation-ship with his or her own children the level of the person's life satisfaction was only slightly higher than other elderly group who did not have good relationship with their children. There were no other significant statistical differences on the level of their life satisfaction related to the social support factors between those two group. Thirdly the level of the elderly's life satisfaction was influe- nced in the order of folldwing factors: (1) the quality of facility living condition 2) the commitment of ownership of the organization (3) the elderly residents' own education level (4) the elderly's own subjectivel health condition and (5) the sex of the individuals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.104-115
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• 2016

Objective: This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of individual patient behavior regarding the health and medical care level on their therapeutic compliance for people diagnosed with high blood pressure by a physician, in order to evaluate the impact of treatment compliance. In this study, the therapeutic compliance was defined as the hypertension drug cure rate. The current blood pressure controls were persons about 30 years of age diagnosed with high blood pressure by their doctor one month fraction of the people who take more than 20 days (30 days). Methods: The data was analyzed by using the X2-test for different comparisons of the therapeutic compliance in the individual characteristics and using a two-stage multilevel logistic regression to identify the community variance of the related index of high blood pressure therapeutic compliance using the data from 229 adults over the age of 19 in a community health survey conducted in 2010. The Spss 18.0 statistical program was used with HLM 7 (hierarchical linear model) Results: It was found that the rate of therapeutic compliance was affected by the individual health behavior and health and medical care levels. Conclusion: In this study, although the odds ratio of the variable region of the high level of health care, I was able Unlike previous studies and focuses on the personal level of variation found variations in the local health care level was a significant. More studies on multilevel analysis are needed in the future considering regional level data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.119-130
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of individual patient behavior regarding health and medical care level on doctor's diagnoses of hypertension. A X2-test was used to compare therapeutic compliance in individual characteristics and two-stage multilevel logistic regression to identify community variance of the related index of high blood pressure therapeutic compliance using data from 229,229 adults over the age of 19 in a community health survey conducted in 2010. The experience rate of doctors' diagnoses of hypertension was higher for people of older age, higher level of education, higher BMI, and among heavy drinkers (no recipients of basic living). Furthermore, there was a higher rate for those visiting health and medical institutions, having more frequent checks of blood pressure in a month, having a higher stress level, and having depression. Among paid workers, the ratio was lower for employers and owner/operators with more daily exercise (such as walking), infrequent smokers, and private health insurance holders. Doctor's diagnoses of hypertension was affected by individual health behavior and health and medical care level. Further studies employing multilevel analyses considering regional level data should be conducted in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2016

There exists required safety integrity level (SIL) to assure safety in accordance with international standards for every electrical / electronics / control equipment or systems with safety related functions. The SIL is allocated from lowest level (level 0) to highest level (level 4). In order to guarantee certain safety level that is internationally acceptable, application of methodology for SIL allocation and demonstration based on related international standards is required. However, the theoretical and practical study for safety integrity level is barely under way in the domestic railway industry. This research studied not only the global process of SIL allocation to guarantee safety in accordance with international standards for safety related equipment and system, but the quantitative methodology based on international standard and the semi-quantitative methodology as alternative way for SIL allocation. Specifically, the systematic SIL allocation for platform screen door system of railway is studied applying the semi-quantitative methodology in order to save much time and effort compared to quantitative method.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.101-116
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• 2012

Knowledge management system is crucial for increasing organizational performance. However, despite this importance of knowledge management system, many companies fail to facilitate individual employees' knowledge sharing. One of reasons for this failure is the lack of consideration of how individual employees' characteristics and their interpersonal relationship influence on individual-level knowledge sharing. To explain individual-level knowledge sharing, this study investigates the mechanism that employees engage in knowledge sharing activities with their coworkers from the social exchange perspective. We have two purposes of study. First, we examine whether coworker's task-related help seeking affects employee's knowledge sharing with them. Second, we investigate the influence of help-seeker' characteristics as moderators on the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. Specifically, we considered coworker's maladjustment, LMX, and ability as moderators. Our analysis of 192 employees shows that the main effect of coworker's task-related help seeking on knowledge sharing is not significant. However, coworker's maladjustment and LMX moderate the relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing. The positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is stronger when help seeker's maladjustment is high than when it is low. And the positive relationship between task-related help seeking and knowledge sharing is weaker when help seeker's LMX is high than when LMX is low. The results of this study have theoretical implications that enrich our understanding of individual-level knowledge sharing, and managerial implications that suggest employees' appropriate attitudes to facilitate knowledge sharing in a coworker relationship.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2019

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the individual and job related factors as risk factors for mental health of firefighters. Methods : The data of 202 fire-fighters was analyzed by using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. All participants completed self-reported questionnaires including demographics (sex, age, work duration), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Ways of Coping Checklist, the Colleague related traumatic events, the Korean occupational stress scale, the Korean Perceived Stress Scale-10, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were divided into three groups according to the level of stress and depressive symptom scores: Low Stress-Low Depression (LS-LD), High Stress-Low Depression (HS-LD), and High Stress-High Depression (HS-HD). Results : A job related factor-organizational injustice-was a significant factor related to HS-LD, while individual factors such as active coping level and childhood trauma experience and a job related factor-difficult physical environment-were significantly associated with HS-HD. Conclusion : These results imply the need to take both individual and environmental approaches into account when managing the stress and depression of firefighters. More specifically, psycho-education to facilitate active coping strategy and adaptive emotional regulation at the individual level and the improvement of physical work environment of firefighters should be supported.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.417-423
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• 2007

Serological surveillance programs in animal populations are becoming increasingly important to estimate prevalence of a specific disease and subsequently to document disease-free status in a region or a country. For these purposes, the programs need to be based on both theoretical and economical aspects from the designing phase. From Aujeszky's disease (AD)-eradication program point of view, group of animals (aggregates, herds) not individual animal is the more important sampling unit of concern. In this study the authors therefore attempted to compute an appropriate sample size tailored to a current surveillance program against AD, assuming that the goal of this program is either herd-level prevalence estimation or documentation of AD-freedom. For prevalence estimation, assuming a finite population with imperfect sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of ELISA kit for AD diagnosis, the number of herds present, expected herd prevalence, and desired accuracy for a certain level of confidence, sample size was estimated at herd-level in the first stage and individual animal-level in the second stage. A two-stage sampling design was used to calculate a sample size to indicate AD-freedom. In this instance, the computation was based on the possible detection of a predetermined prevalence at a certain herd-level Se and Sp. This study indicated that the sample size varied with predetermined confidence, tolerance, Se and Sp at herd- and animal-level, and within- and among-herd prevalence. In general, smaller sample size was required to estimate AD prevalence than to document of AD-freedom. Compared to individual-based samples, two-stage sampling strategy requires a larger sample size to show disease-freedom. Statistical considerations including herd-level test characteristics when designing surveillance program also are further discussed.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.938-957
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• 2023

The limited computing power of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and data tampering during wireless transmission are two important issues. In this paper, we propose a scheme for independent individual authentication of WSNs data based on digital watermarking technology. Digital watermarking suits well for WSNs, owing to its lower computational cost. The proposed scheme uses independent individual to generate a digital watermark and embeds the watermark in current data item. Moreover, a sink node extracts the watermark in single data and compares it with the generated watermark, thereby achieving integrity verification of data. Inherently, individual validation differs from the grouping-level validation, and avoids the lack of grouping robustness. The improved performance of individual integrity verification based on proposed scheme is validated through experimental analysis. Lastly, compared to other state-of-the-art schemes, our proposed scheme significantly reduces the false negative rate by an average of 5%, the false positive rate by an average of 80% of data verification, and increases the correct verification rate by 50% on average.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.167-182
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge sharing and academic performance in the context of quality-assurance related work. It furthermore aims to explore the role of information technology in mediating this relationship. Quantitative method was applied to collect data from the participants using an online-based questionnaire. Convenience sampling technique was used. The responses were collected from 140 participants in a university from Saudi Arabia. The study found a strong positive relationship between knowledge sharing and individual performance. It was also found out that information technology partially mediates the relationship between knowledge sharing and individual performance. The research unearths the significant contribution made by information technology in mediating the relationship between individual-level knowledge sharing and the individual performance. This helps to understand the positive impacts on individual work performance in institutions of higher education that would be derived if individuals use various forms of IT to share knowledge. The focus of the research is the individual performance as the pertinent contribution towards positive outcomes in institutional performance.