• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of joint kinetics and coordination on within-individual differences in maximum vertical jump. 10 male subjects aged 20 to 30 performed six trials in maximum vertical jump and with based on jump height the good(GP) and bad(BP) performances for each subject were compared on joint kinetics of lower extremity and coordination parameters such as joint reverse and relative phase. The results showed that maximum moment, power, and work done of hip joint and maximum moment of ankle joint in GP were significantly higher than that in the BP but no significant differences for the knee joint. We could observe a significant difference in joint reverse timing between both conditions. And also the relative phase on ankle-knee and ankle-hip in GP were significantly lower than that in the BP, which means that in GP joint movements were more in-phase synchronized mode. In conclusion, mechanical outputs of hip and ankle joints had an effect on within-individual differences in vertical jump and the inter-joint coordination and coordination including sequence and timing of joint motion also might be high influential factors on the performances within individual.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.22-22
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• 2002

교육 장면이나 기업에서 창의성 개발에 대한 관심은 그 어느 때보다 높다. 본 논문에서는 창의성 개발 연구의 기저에는 창의성이 개인차를 드러내는 측정 가능한 구인이라는 가정과 창의성이 훈련에 의해 개발될 수 있는 하나의 인지적 기술이라는 가정이 있다고 보았다. 이 두 가정의 출처를 추적하고, 이 가정들의 타당성과 한계를 창의성 검사와 개발 프로그램을 통해 살펴보았다 이 두 가정은 작업 가설일 뿐 아직 경험적 증거가 미약하다는 점과 논의되었고, 경험적 근거 위에 창의성 개념을 정립하기 위한 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

• 인지과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2002

교육 장면이나 기업에서 창의성 개발에 대한 관심은 그 어느 때보다 높다. 본 논문에서는 창의성 개발 연구의 기저에는 창의성이 개인차를 드러내는 측정 가능한 구인이라는 가정과 창의성이 훈련에 의해 개발될 수 있는 하나의 인지적 기술이라는 가정이 있다고 보았다. 이 두 가정의 출처를 추적하고, 이 가정들의 타당성과 한계를 창의성 검사와 개발 프로그램을 통해 살펴보았다 이 두 가정은 작업 가설일 뿐 아직 경험적 증거가 미약하다는 점과 논의되었고, 경험적 근거 위에 창의성 개념을 정립하기 위한 앞으로의 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2022

Background: The selection of distributions of input parameters is an important component in probabilistic exposure assessment. Goodness-of-fit (GOF) methods are used to determine the distribution of exposure factors. However, there are no clear guidelines for choosing an appropriate GOF method. Objectives: The outcomes of probabilistic consumer exposure assessment were compared by using five different GOF methods for the selection of input distributions: chi-squared test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S), Anderson-Darling test (A-D), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Methods: Individual exposures were estimated based on product usage factor combinations from 10,000 respondents. The distribution of individual exposure was considered as the true value of population exposures. Results: Among the five GOF methods, probabilistic exposure distributions using the A-D and K-S methods were similar to individual exposure estimations. Comparing the 95th percentiles of the probabilistic distributions and the individual estimations for 10 CPs, there were 0.73 to 1.92 times differences for the A-D method, and 0.73 to 1.60 times differences (excluding tire-shine spray) for the K-S method. Conclusions: There were significant differences in exposure assessment results among the selection of the GOF methods. Therefore, the GOF methods for probabilistic consumer exposure assessment should be carefully selected.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.13-31
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• 2024

In recent times, STEM graduates are confronting a decline in employment rates influenced by economic, social, cultural, and policy-related factors. Career decisions are closely linked to education, college experiences, and university settings. To comprehend the reasons behind the decline in STEM employment, it is essential to explore the relationships among these factors. This study aims to comprehensively examine differences in career motivation and career exploration behavior among 2,393 STEM undergraduates in Korea. Additionally, factors affecting career motivation and career exploration behavior were investigated. The findings indicate significant differences in perceived career motivation and career exploration behavior based on individual backgrounds and university characteristics. And analyzing the data, 37.8% of career motivation is explained by contextual supports, career barriers, individual backgrounds (grade, GPA), university characteristics (major fields, location), field to enter after graduation, and timing of job preparation. For career exploration behavior, 30.1% is explained by contextual supports, career barriers, individual backgrounds (gender, grade, GPA), university characteristics (major field, location), field to enter after graduation, and timing of job preparation. Practical implications underscore the need for tailored educational and policy support, considering individual backgrounds and university characteristics, to effectively address challenges faced by STEM graduates in the evolving employment landscape.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

To quantitatively evaluate how setup errors in conjunction with dose gradients contribute to the error in IMRT dose quality assurance (DQA) measurements. The control group consisted of 5 DQA plans of which all individual field dose differences were less than ${\pm}5%$. On the contrary, the examination group was composed of 16 DQA plans where any individual field dose difference was larger than ${\pm}10%$ even though their total dose differences were less than ${\pm}5%$. The difference in 3D dose gradients between the two groups was estimated in a cube of $6{\times}6{\times}6\;mm^3$ centered at the verification point. Under the assumption that setup errors existed during the DQA measurements of the examination group, a three dimensional offset point inside the cube was sought out, where the individual field dose difference was minimized. The average dose gradients of the control group along the x, y, and z axes were 0.21, 0.20, and 0.15 $cGy{\cdot}mm^{-1}$, respectively, while those of the examination group were 0.64, 0.48, and 0.28 $cGy{\cdot}mm^{-1}$, respectively. All 16 plans of the examination group had their own 3D offset points in the cube. The individual field dose differences recalculated at the offset points were mostly diminished and thus the average values of total and individual field dose differences were reduced from 3.1% to 2.2% and 15.4% to 2.2%, respectively. The offset distribution turned out to be random in the 3D coordinate. This study provided the quantitative data that support the large individual field dose difference mainly stems from possible geometric errors (e.g., random setup errors) under the influence of steep dose gradients of IMRT field.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of sports marketing mix factors on brand equities and consumer behaviors. The findings of this study are as follows: first, there are differences in sports marketing mix factors, depending on individual characteristics. Differences are found in gender and living standard with regard to individual characteristics and prices. second, there are differences in brand equities, according to individual characters. third, sports marketing mix factors impact brand equities. fourth, the sports marketing mix factors impact perceive quality, brand recognition, location related to brand image and products. fifth, sports marketing mix factors impact brand equities and consumer behaviors. In regards with brand equities and repeat purchases, sports marketing mix factors impact promotion, products, perceived quality and image. In satisfaction, the sports marketing mix factors impact location, price promotion and product recognition. In the intention of transmission by word of mouth, the factors impact price, products, perceive quality and image.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to understand how cognitive factors influence the way people interact with information/information systems, by conducting comprehensive and in-depth literature reviews and a theoretical synthesis of related research. Adaptive systems have been built around an individual user's characteristics, such as interests, preferences, knowledge and goals. Individual differences in the ability to use new information and communication technology have been an important issue in all fields. Performance differences in utilizing new information and communication technology are sufficiently predictable that we can begin to coordinate them. Therefore, it is necessary to understand cognitive mechanisms to explain differences between individuals as well as the levels of performance. The theoretical synthesis from this study can be applied to design intelligent (i.e., human friendly) systems in our everyday lives. Further research should explore optimization design for user, by integrating user's individual traits (such as emotion and intent) and system modules to improve the interactions of human-system in data-driven environments.

• 한국컴퓨터산업학회논문지
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• 제2권12호
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• pp.1591-1600
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• 2001

웹 기반 코스웨어들이 많이 개발되고 있다. 그러나, 기존에 개발된 대부분 웹 기반 코스웨어들은 학습자들에게 항상 같은 교수 방법을 제공하므로 학습자들의 다양한 요구를 수용하는데 부족한 면이 있다. 학습자들이 개별적으로 가장 적합한 교수 방법으로 학습한다면 학습 효율을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 학습자의 개인차를 고려하면서 다양한 학습 방법을 제공하고, 교수 시스템은 교수 방법 중에서도 학습자에게 효율성이 높다고 생각되는 교수 방법을 학습자에게 추천하도록 하고, 학습자는 선호하는 방법을 선택하여 학습하도록 하였다. 평가모듈은 개개인의 응답에 대하여 개별적인 피드백을 주었다. 그리고 이 프로토타입 시스템을 대학1학년을 대상으로 적용하여 본 시스템의 교육적 효과를 입증하였다.

• 감성과학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2019

Extant research has proposed that the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style can elucidate individual differences in the preference for modality-specific information. However, no studies have yet ascertained whether this type of information processing evinces structural correlations in the brain. Therefore, the current study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses to investigate individual differences in gray matter volumes based on the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style. For this purpose, ninety healthy young adults were recruited to participate in the study. They were administered the Korean version of the Object-Spatial-Verbal cognitive style questionnaire, and their anatomical brain images were scanned. The VBM results demonstrated that the participants' verbal scores were positively correlated with regional gray matter volumes (rGMVs) in the right superior temporal sulcus/superior temporal gyrus, the bilateral parahippocampal gyrus/fusiform gyrus, and the left inferior temporal gyrus. In addition, the rGMVs in these regions were negatively correlated with the relative spatial preference scores obtained by individual participants. The findings of the investigation provide anatomical evidence that the verbal cognitive style could be decidedly relevant to higher-level language processing, but not to basic language processing.