• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the preferences for the physical features of senior congregate housing. The survey was conducted among middle-aged people in their fifties, who lived in Seoul, using the systematic random sampling method. The data were collected from November 3, 2003 to November 14, 2003 and the final subjects consisted of 498 respondents. Various statistical methods such as frequency, mean, cross tabulation, t-test, factor analysis, and multiple regression were used in this study. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, most of the respondents preferred 55 to $70m^2$ sized individual units and they rarely wanted smaller units of less than $35m^2$. Individual units of one or two bedrooms were also preferred by future users. Small towns were preferred to large complex. For housing type, they preferred row houses or single detached houses to high-rise apartments. Secondly, there were no significant statistical differences between income and the preference of the physical features. From the results, we concluded that senior congregate housing should be developed not only in accordance with the users' preferences but also over a certain minimum physical quality level, regardless of the users' income.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.68-76
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• 1988

The variation of rumination response in steers fed a same amount of orcharugrass hay was investigated. With three steers (6, 12, 24 months) of the Japanese Black Breed, rumination behaviour was measured continuously during a 5 days period by masseter EMG telemetry system. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average daily rumination time of respective animals were 438,447 and 433 min. with small daily variation both within and among animal. But the rumination time per DM kg of hay consumed varied from 66 to 138 min., and calf spent longer than older calf. 2. Actural chewing time showed small variation, and percentage of actural chewing time spent in rumination time was from 88 to 93% on individual average. 3. The daily number of chewing in rumination was approximately 25,000 to 30,000 with large individual differences. The chews per DM kg intake varied from 3,800 to 9,600, and calf chewed more than older calf. 4. The average rate of chewing per 100 sec. (chewing speed), there was a large difference between animals i.e. 104, 114, 131 respectively, but very little variance between days in individual. 5. No relation between day to day variations in eating time and rumination behavior, but significantly positive correlation was observed in the relation among rumination time, chewing time, No. of boluses and No. of chews. 6. Active time of day in rumination altered considerably day to day, but variation in the amount of rumination per day as expressed by the rumination time was relatively small.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Using data from the Panel Study on Korean Children, this study investigated whether children with high levels of problem behaviors adjusted more poorly on the $1^{st}-grade$ than children with low levels of problem behaviors, and whether there was evidence of intra-individual stability in behavior problems over time. Data were analyzed by use of the Latent Growth Model and group differences analyses. Three findings were noteworthy. First, there was evidence of intra-individual and inter-individual variability in behavior problems between poor- and non-poor household children. Second, children with higher initial levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at 4 years had lower school readiness scores at 6 years. Finally, children with lower levels of school readiness at 6 years had lower school adjustment scores in $1^{st}$ grade. The results discuss implications for future research and policies for preschool children. With mediating effect of school readiness, developmental trajectories of child's problem behavior have been found to be predictors of delayed achievements in school. The results show that intervention programs are necessary for children with high levels of problem behavior. This study also showed that children who experienced poverty at home could have more difficulties in school readiness and school adjustment.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 기술스트레스에 관련된 기존의 연구에서 인구통계학적 측면에서 나이와 성별에 대한 개인간 차이가 발생하는지 살펴보고자 수행되었다. 기술스트레스에 대한 개인의 반응은 이미 오랫동안 연구되어왔다. 하지만 변화하는 인구통계학적 패턴이 기존 연구에서 반영되지 않은 경우가 많았다. 특히 업무현장에서 정보기술은 개인별 특성에 의해 깊이 관련이 있기에 관련 연구가 필요하다. 연구 결과 기술스트레스의 구성 요인들은 나이와 성별에 따른 차이를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.257-270
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is designed as a non-equivalent, control group pre/post-test for identifying effectiveness of a workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging. Methods: Seventy-nine employees from two large companies were allocated into an intervention group (n=39) and a control group (n=40). Participants were asked to wear a fitness tracker (Fitbit Charger HR) during 24-hour, 5-days per week, for 10 weeks. The intervention group was provided with daily walking steps measured by Fitbit, weekly counseling with a specifically designed workbook, and seven weekly text messaging, and the control group with the fitness tracker only. Results: At the week 10 measurement, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in physical activity self-efficacy (p<.001), physical activity behavior (p<.001), daily walking steps (p<.001), systolic blood pressure (p=.033), and wellness (p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging is more effective for persons with 10,000 steps/day. Therefore, it is recommended to actively apply this workplace walking program to inactive employees for encouraging regular physical activities and improving their wellness.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.805-814
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• 2021

Push-ups are one of the body exercises that can be easily measured anytime, anywhere. As one of the most widely used techniques as a test tool for evaluating physical strength, they are broadly used in various fields, especially in fields that require physical ability to estimate, such as military, police, and firefighters. However, social distancing is currently being implemented, and the issue of fairness has been steadily raised due to subtle differences between measurement. Accordingly, in this paper, the correct posture for each individual was photographed and learned by a high-performance computer, and the result was derived by comparing it with the case of performing the incorrect posture of the individual. If method is introduced into the physical fitness evaluation through the proposed method, the individual takes the correct posture and learns the photographed photo, and measures the posture with several images taken during a given time. Through this, it is possible to measure more objectively because it measures with the merit that can be measured even in the present situation and with one's correct posture.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.27-39
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• 2019

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new paradigm that is revolutionizing computing. It is intended that all objects around us will be connected to the network, providing "anytime, anywhere" access to information. This study introduces IoT with Kolb's learning style in order to enhance the learning experience especially for inclusive education for primary and secondary schools where delivery of knowledge is not limited to physical, cognitive disabilities, human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age and of other forms of human differences. The article also emphasizes the role of learning style as a discovery process that incorporates the characteristics of problem solving and learning. Kolb's Learning Style was chosen as it is widely used in research and in practical information systems applications. A consistent pattern of finding emerges by using a combination of Kolb's learning style and internet of things where specific individual differences, learning approach differences and IoT application differences are taken as a main research framework. Further several suggestions were made by using this combination to IoT architecture and smart environment of internet of things. Based on these suggestions, future research directions are proposed.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2009

Using the 2007 Fund Investors Survey, we investigated (1) the differences in economic status in terms of household income, consumption, saving, assets and debts, (2) the differences in financial management behavior, (3) and the differences in confidence in economic status after retirement between households conducting and not-conducting financial preparation for retirement. The major study findings were as follows. First, only 46.4% of the households were financially preparing for retirement. The levels of income, consumption, and saving were higher among households conducting financial preparation for retirement than among those not-conducting such financial preparation. Second, households conducting financial preparation for retirement had a relatively high propensity to save. Their financial asset portfolio had a higher weight in safety assets and investment assets than in retirement assets. Due to their lack of confidence in their economic status after retirement, their demand for financial preparation for retirement remained. Third, the households which did not conduct financial preparation for retirement tended to have a relatively heavy debt burden and not to implement general household financial management practices. Fourth, among the three-pillar retirement income system, the second pillar, of individual retirement account was not well established. Based on these results, various implications were suggested.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2017

Background: Tapered grafts, which have a smaller diameter on the arterial side, have been increasingly used for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation. We compared the outcomes of 4-6-mm tapered and 6-mm straight forearm loop arteriovenous grafts. Methods: A total of 103 patients receiving forearm loop arteriovenous grafts between March 2005 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and separated into 2 groups (group A, 4- to 6-mm tapered grafts, n=78; group B, 6-mm straight grafts, n=25). In each group, complications and patency rates after surgery were assessed. Results: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results, except for cerebrovascular disease history (group A, 7.7%; group B, 28.0%; p=0.014), were similar between the groups. No significant differences were found for individual complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant differences in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year patency rates between groups (61.8%, 44.9%, and 38.5% vs. 62.7%, 41.1%, and 35.3%, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant differences in complication and patency rates between the tapered and straight graft groups. If there are no differences in complication and patency between the two graft types, tapered grafts may be a valuable option for AVF formation in light of their other advantages.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.432-444
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in restaurant employees' perceptions regarding the importance of specific evaluation factors when judging wine quality. To analyze the data of the study, we employed descriptive statistical analyses, t-tests and ANOVA. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the importance and influence of the palate on evaluating wine quality attained the highest score. The nose, appearance, and 'others' also earned significant points in the respective order. Second, when we examined the servers' differences in perception about the importance of each factors on evaluating wine quality, significant distinctions were shown among males and females, and those in their 20's and 30's. Third, employees' perception about the importance of each factors also showed clear differences with regards to the wine servers' gender and experience with wine. Finally, we hope the results of this study provide useful information for the hotel restaurants and other food & beverage businesses. Specifically, this research may be used to establish helpful criteria for recommending and presenting the suitable wine items based on the customer's individual tastes and preferences.