• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.361-371
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the path that the elderly discrimination experiences and sense of loss lead to suicidal ideation by verifying the influence of the elderly's discrimination experience on suicidal ideation and the mediating effect of sense of loss. To this end, questionnaire a survey was conducted on 400 elderly people aged 65 years or older who used 10 elderly welfare centers using stratified sampling of 31 cities, counties, and districts in Gyeonggi-do. Additionally, a total of 380 samples were finally analyzed excluding dishonest responses. As a result of the study, first, the more individual and social discrimination experiences, which are sub-factors of the elderly discrimination experience, increased suicidal ideation. Second, individual discrimination experiences were found to has a static effect on suicidal ideation through partial mediation of sense of loss. Third, the experience of social discrimination showed a static effect on suicidal ideation by perfect mediating the sense of loss. Therefore, it was found that the sense of loss acts as a risk factor for the elderly's suicidal ideation. Based on the research results, the urgent need for institutional supplementation to prevent the elderly's social discrimination experiences was suggested, and practical implications for preventing elderly suicide by resolving the sense of loss in the elderly welfare practice field were suggested.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1984

The attempts in this study were made to evaluate the variations in some needle characteristics of Pinus thunbergii between individual trees within population, between populations and between the hypothesized climatic districts. This species occurs naturally along the southern seacoast of Korea penninsula having a relatively mild maritime climate. The followings are the summarized results. The coefficients of variation of the needle volume and needle serration density were generally higher than those of any other traits studied. The significant differences of variations of needle cross section form factor between individual trees within population at 1% level, except only the Young gwang population, were affirmed. In the case of the eastern seacoast district, where the three study populations are included, significances of variation differences were calculated, 5% level at needle serration density and cross section area and 1% Level at needle volume. The very high significant difference of the variations of needle cross section form factor and needle longitudinal form factor were shown between population of the western seacoast district and 5% Level significance at needle volume in the southern seacoast district. The high significant differences between districts in respect to needle cross section form factor and cross section area were calculated. The Duncan's multiple range test showed the dissimilarity of the said characteristics between the hypothesized climatic districts. Summing up the results obtained so far, individual tree and population variations were markedly noted statistically and these may be extended to the silvicultural technology.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.31-41
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• 2021

This exploratory study focuses on ascertaining the cross-cultural differences in the perception of entrepreneurial orientation among university students in Korea, China, and Japan. Total 670 university students from the three culturally diverse environments were administered questionnaires designed to determine the differences in individual entrepreneurship orientation(IEO). Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 version. ANOVA was used to test the established hypotheses. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups of university students in IEO. China displayed the highest level of IEO followed by Korea and then Japan. Japan is less likely to be committed to entrepreneurial activity than Korea and China. The finding implies the sociocultural effect may come into play when young people forms positive attitude on entrepreneurship, that is identical to the arguments of prior studies. This study, however, has contributed to the literature by adding empirical evidence first time on different perceptions of IEO sub-scales by Korean, Chinese and Japanese university students. Theoretical and practical implication have been presented, where the importance of nurturing pro-activeness was stressed for Korean university students, most of all.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.503-509
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand and to investigate an effect of the individual finger on the total grip strength depending on dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Background: Many studies on the ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been researched. While a 10% rule which is a ratio of the grip force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand has been applied in most studies, studies on the rate of the individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand have been insufficiently researched. Method: The experiment was preceded with 17 subjects (male, mean 25.8 ages). The individual finger force and total grip strength were measured using pliers being able to change the grip span from 45 to 80mm. Results: The difference of total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand is following 10% rule. However, the difference of individual finger force between dominant hand and non-dominant hand are not same as the difference of total grip strength. Especially in the case of grip span with 50mm, the differences between total grip strength, index finger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger were $9.87{\pm}14.80%$, $8.95{\pm}37.17%$, $13.71{\pm}28.27%$, $6.77{\pm}24.35%$, $39.29{\pm}42.46%$, respectively, with p=0.018 of statistical significance. Additionally, the results of regression analysis in 50 and 60mm of grip span showed that the difference in ring finger affected the most to the total grip strength; and the effects followed in order of index finger, middle finger, and little finger. Conclusion: Our study suggests that an effect of individual finger and grip span of pliers have to be considered when explaining the difference of the total grip strength between dominant hand and non-dominant hand. Application: This result is expected to be used for designing ergonomic hand tool.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.89-109
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• 2007

This study is an exploratory study on stock investment behaviors of individual investors in psychological perspective. The study is based on many behavioral finance studies which overconfidence of individual investors has an effect on irrational investment decision making and investment behaviors such as excessive trading. Accordingly, this study was to investigate the factors of self-enhancement perception on confidence of investment of individual investors and to find whether these psychological biases lead to irrational investment behaviors. The results indicated that there were sex differences in the factors of self-enhancement perception on individual investors' confidence of investment. In case of male investors, they were confident of their ability of investment but in case of female investors, they were confident of optimistic expectation of return. Also, male investors were more confident of investment than female investors. In addition, the result showed that risky investment behaviors of individual investors were influenced by psychological factors such as favorable self-evaluation, confidence of self-controllability, optimistic expectation of return and confidence of investment in part. This study suggests that further researches need to search after other variables which can mediate between psychological factors and investment behaviors of individual investors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

In this study, biomonitoring methods were developed to measure BTEXs exposure level in the air, metabolites of benzene and toluene in human urine, individual susceptibility markers in human blood for evaluation of the health effects about environmental pollution. We have also performed a small-scaled molecular epidemiology study on residents in Chuncheon and workers in workplace for these method applications. The workers in workplace were surveyed as study areas, and the residents in Chuncheon which is in the suburban area were surveyed as comparative areas in this study. Actually, 31 workers in as target group and 33 residences in as control group this epidemiological study. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Benzene is a well-known carcinogen, it's median concentrations were 0.00024∼0.02057ppm at suburban area and 0.002∼00.654ppm at work place, These benzene concentrations were not exceed the OSHA(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) threshold benzene level of 1ppm in the states. 2. Metabolites product of benzene(t,t-Muconic Acid) and toluene(Hippuric Acid) were not significant both in suburban and workplace area. The median concentration of t,t-MA and HA were 0.0122, 1.44277g/g creatinine, respectively. 3. In the case of individual susceptibility markers as CYPlAl, 41.8% of them has homozygous wild type(W) and who has heterozygous variant type(H) was 35.4% and 22.8% of homozygous variant type(M) genetic type. In the case of CYP2E1, 62.82% of them has homozygous wild type(D) type, 34.62% of each has heterozygous variant type (DC) and 2.56% of them has homozygous variant type (CC). Who doesn't have GSTM1 gene was 46.25% and who has GSTM1 gene was 53.75％. Who doesn't have GSTT1 gene was 40.0％ in study groups and who has GSTT1 gene was 60.0%. Who has W genetic type, which is homozygous wild type of GSTP1, was 69.18% and H genetic type, which is heterozygous variant type was 28.4%. M genetic type which is homozygous variant type was 2.4%. 4. Concentration differences of metabolites such as t,t-MA and HA in urine, which is generated by individual susceptibility marker of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 gene of Phase I and CYP1A1, CYP2E1 gene of Phase II, was examined. As a result, GSTP1 and GSTM1 indicate slight differences depend on the amount of metabolites in urine, it was not statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.258-265
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• 2001

Objectives : Chronic alcohol consumption has been known to result in various neurocognitive deficits. Many neuropsychological studies revealed that the major disturbances occurred in the executive function, learning and short-term memory, visuospatial performance function, perceptuo-motor skills, and abstraction and problem solving abilities. This study was done to identify which cognitive areas might be mainly affected. Methods : The cognitive disturbance was evaluated using the Korean Version of the Mini Mental State Examination(MMSEK) and the 7 Minute Screen(7MS) in male inpatients with alcohol dependence(N=3 : as well as in age and education level matched healthy male controls(N=30). Four individual tests of the 7MS were consisted of the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, the Enhanced Cued Recall, the Clock Drawing and the Category Fluency. Results : 1) The average scores of four individual test of the 7MS for the alcoholics were $2.77{\pm}4.38$ for the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, $13.90{\pm}2.02$ for the Memory Test(the Cued Recall $6.77{\pm}1.94$, the Uncued Recall $7.10{\pm}2.45$), $5.84{\pm}1.86$ for the Clock Drawing, and $12.58{\pm}3.29$ for the Category Fluency. Except the Benton Temporal Orientation Test, there were statistically significant differences between test scores of alcoholics and those of controls(p<0.01). 2) The alcoholics who had MMSE-K score <24 were 9.68%. The average(${\pm}S.D.$) score of the MMSE-K for the patient group($27.23{\pm}2.62$) was significantly(p<0.001) lower than that of the healthy controls($29.20{\pm}1.24$). There were no statistically significant differences between four individual test scores of the 7MS of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score <24(N=3) and those of alcoholics with the MMSE-K score ${\geq}24$(N=28). 3) Four individual test scores of the 7MS seemed to have statistically significant association with such variables as MMSE-K, duration of alcohol drinking, blood magnesium concentration, liver function and thyroid function. Conclusion : Mild deficits of cognitive areas such as orientation, memory, visuospatial abilities and verbal fluency could be found in alcohol dependence.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.352-364
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• 2022

As the types of actions and the magnitude of the required actions for environmental improvement get diversified, the necessity to develop effective messages is increasing. This research tries to develop proper messages with message characteristics of message framing and value orientation per different types of behaviors using a 2(message framing: gain/loss) × 2(value orientation: individual/social) × 2(magnitude of the requested behaviors: high/low). The results showed that framing and the magnitude of the requested behaviors had main effects on message attitudes and behavioral intentions. The gain framing showed more favorable effects than the loss framing, and the low magnitude of the requested behaviors showed better persuasive effects. According to the results of interaction effects, the gain framing showed higher behavioral intentions than the loss framing in the individual-oriented message, and there were no differences between the frames in the social-oriented message. When the magnitude of the requested behavior was high, the gain framing in the individual-oriented message was more favorable than the loss framing. On the other hand, when the magnitude of the requested behavior was low, the gain framing in the social-oriented message was more favorable. Although there were differences in the form of interactions by the magnitude of the requested behaviors, the individual-oriented gain framing message was found to be the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.343-365
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of various individual differences on children's memory of a stressful experience. The participants for the current study were children (N=85) aged 4-9 years those who experienced a naturally occurring stressful experience from a dental procedure. There was overall negative relation between the level of stress and children's memory performance. However, more interestingly, the results of this study provided some further evidence that several cognitive (i.e., receptive language ability and working memory capacity) and emotional (i.e., children's general anxiety condition, children's self-report of pain and anxiety about the event) individual difference factors were associated with variations in children's remembering across ages. The results suggest that the relation between stress and children's memory might be impacted in part by children's various individual characteristics. Furthermore, the findings are discussed in the applied context that based on the results clinical and legal professionals can tailor interviews to best meet children's needs and capabilities, and create developmentally and individually sensitive guidelines for interviewing children in the legal system.

• The Journal of Information Technology and Database
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 1999

This paper makes an attempt to find a systematic portion of the database design process, especially using the Entity-Relationship(E-R) model. Basically, we consider three aspects as a systematic portion of the database design process. They are, the strategy that a designer selects to design an E-R diagram, designer's cognitive style, and the knowledge and preference of the database designer. An experiment has been carried out in order to verify the systematic relationship between above-mentioned three aspects and the E-R modeling performance. The target system is a professional baseball system. A normative E-R diagram was constructed based upon 48 E-R diagrams produced during the experiment. The ANOVA process has been used to analyze the results. It has been found that there exist significant differences in query-answering capacity and the completeness of the E-R model among design methods. Individual differences in cognitive styles has not been found to be significantly related to the modeling performance.