• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2021

This study investigates the role of corporate governance in the dividend decision of 198 non-financial companies listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka, over the period from 2009 to 2016. Four corporate governance indicators are used in this study; managerial ownership, the board size, board independence, and CEO duality. Furthermore, this study considers three control variables such as profitability, firm size, and corporate tax. This study employed the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model to estimate the regression models on panel data study. The major contribution of this study is exploring the insight into the effect of corporate governance factors on dividend decisions. The results of the study revealed that managerial ownership showed a significant positive impact on the dividend payout ratio. Board size showed a significant positive influence on the dividend payout ratio. Board independence negatively but significantly influenced the dividend payout ratio. CEO duality showed an insignificant negative impact on the dividend payout ratio. In the framework of these CG indicators, Sri Lankan listed firms are recommended to have dispersed ownerships, large Board size and maintain a balance of power and authority by separating the individual who is assuming the position of the CEO from the Chairperson of the Board and maintain at least two independent directors.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of several factors on students' decisions to attend a public institution in Vietnam's North Central area. The enrollment issue toward regional institutions is particularly critical in the Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training reforming the university enrollment process and the complicated scenario of the Covid-19 pandemic. A total of 500 students were surveyed for research samples. Data is synthesized, validated, cleaned, and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software using methods including reliability, EFA, CFA, and SEM. The findings suggest that the proposed independent components (individual factors, study fees, advertisement, infrastructure and facilities, local features, and lastly, training activities) have a beneficial impact on students' decision to attend a public university in the North Central region. The study also found that the graduation exam outcome had a moderating effect on the relationship between registration and students' decisions. These imply targeted solutions for regional public universities to diversify training majors, improve training quality, capitalize on local advantages, increase interaction, and promote training programs and image to be more effective in attracting students and maintaining competition in the current enrollment environment.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1564-1569
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• 2009

Project managers play a key role in cost, time, and quality of a project. Selection of an appropriate project manager, therefore, is considered as one of the most important decisions in any construction project. It should be noted that most important decision makings are carried out by the project manager throughout the project. Traditionally, project manager selection in construction companies in Iran is through organizing an interview with candidates and selecting the most appropriate choice in accordance with the capabilities, potentials and individual specifications coupled with the requirements of the project. In the same direction, organizing interview on selection of appropriate candidate is usually carried out by senior managers of companies. Determination of the most important criteria for selection of project managers and also identification of significance coefficient of each criterion can highly help senior managers of companies to make sound selection decisions. In this paper, a numerical model has been considered for determination of significance of each criterion, details of which are submitted for selection of project manager in Iranian petrochemical, oil and gas sector companies. For this reason, all criteria- considered by senior managers of the companies under study- are first determined. Then, information obtained through 38 interviews, conducted by senior managers of the mentioned companies while selecting project manager, is analyzed. Significant coefficient of each criterion is calculated through the accumulated data using fuzzy curves method.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1245-1245
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• 2001

Food adulteration is a serious consumer fraud and a matter of concern to food processors and regulatory agencies. A range of analytical methods have been investigated to facilitate the detection of adulterated or mis-labelled foods & food ingredients but most of these require sophisticated equipment, highly-qualified staff and are time-consuming. Regulatory authorities and the food industry require a screening technique which will facilitate fast and relatively inexpensive monitoring of food products with a high level of accuracy. Near infrared spectroscopy has been investigated for its potential in a number of authenticity issues including meat speciation (McElhinney, Downey & Fearn (1999) JNIRS, 7(3), 145-154; Downey, McElhinney & Fearn (2000). Appl. Spectrosc. 54(6), 894-899). This report describes further analysis of these spectral sets using a hierarchical approach and binary decisions solved using logistic regression. The sample set comprised 230 homogenized meat samples i. e. chicken (55), turkey (54), pork (55), beef (32) and lamb (34) purchased locally as whole cuts of meat over a 10-12 week period. NIR reflectance spectra were recorded over the wavelength range 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals on a NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator. The problem was defined as a series of binary decisions i. e. is the meat red or white\ulcorner is the red meat beef or lamb\ulcorner, is the white meat pork or poultry\ulcorner etc. Each of these decisions was made using an individual binary logistic model based on scores derived from principal component or partial least squares (PLS1 and PLS2) analysis. The results obtained were equal to or better than previous reports using factorial discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbours and PLS2 regression. This new approach using a combination of exploratory and logistic analyses also appears to have advantages of transparency and the use of inherent structure in the spectral data. Additionally, it allows for the use of different data transforms and multivariate regression techniques at each decision step.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1152-1152
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• 2001

Food adulteration is a serious consumer fraud and a matter of concern to food processors and regulatory agencies. A range of analytical methods have been investigated to facilitate the detection of adulterated or mis-labelled foods & food ingredients but most of these require sophisticated equipment, highly-qualified staff and are time-consuming. Regulatory authorities and the food industry require a screening technique which will facilitate fast and relatively inexpensive monitoring of food products with a high level of accuracy. Near infrared spectroscopy has been investigated for its potential in a number of authenticity issues including meat speciation (McElhinney, Downey & Fearn (1999) JNIRS, 7(3), 145 154; Downey, McElhinney & Fearn (2000). Appl. Spectrosc. 54(6), 894-899). This report describes further analysis of these spectral sets using a hierarchical approach and binary decisions solved using logistic regression. The sample set comprised 230 homogenized meat samples i. e. chicken (55), turkey (54), pork (55), beef (32) and lamb (34) purchased locally as whole cuts of meat over a 10-12 week period. NIR reflectance spectra were recorded over the wavelength range 400-2498nm at 2nm intervals on a NIR Systems 6500 scanning monochromator. The problem was defined as a series of binary decisions i. e. is the meat red or white\ulcorner is the red meat beef or lamb\ulcorner, is the white meat pork or poultry\ulcorner etc. Each of these decisions was made using an individual binary logistic model based on scores derived from principal component or partial least squares (PLS1 and PLS2) analysis. The results obtained were equal to or better than previous reports using factorial discriminant analysis, K-nearest neighbours and PLS2 regression. This new approach using a combination of exploratory and logistic analyses also appears to have advantages of transparency and the use of inherent structure in the spectral data. Additionally, it allows for the use of different data transforms and multivariate regression techniques at each decision step.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.70-81
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• 2005

The importance of classes aiming at enhancing students ability in problem solving and decision making has been being recognized as chances of individual citizen for taking part in social decision making processes. This study was intended to find whether teachers' opinion presentation have effects on students' decision making in a class introducing environmental issues. Total of 6 classes, 202 middle school students have participated in a series of experiments including 4 different environmental issues. Only two issues had been addresses in classes as experimental issues and other two issues not addressed as control issues. For each of the two experimental issues, the teacher researcher applied three different approaches to his students that included positive, negative, or no opinion. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, the results showed that students changed their decisions on environmental issues more frequently when dealing with those issues in a class than when not dealing with them. Second, as examining the relationship between patterns in which students make decisions and whether a teacher proposed his opinions or not, it is shown that the rates of students whose opinions is not changed nearly have no difference, while when teachers propose their opinions, it is shown that students who haven't yet chosen their positions easily make their decisions into pros or cons, compared with the opposite case. Third, the results of this study partly supported the third hypothesis that teachers opinion presentation would effect on decision-making of students. It was found that there has been a significant effect in the case of car free day system issue, but no statistically meaningful result in the case of no pets in the national park issue. However, in the issue of car free day system, it seems pretty clear that the students followed the direction of teachers' opinion no matter what it was pros or cons.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to distinguish and describe the types of perceptions of do not resuscitate (DNR) proxy decisions among families of elderly patients in a long-term care facility. Methods: This exploratory study applied Q-methodology, which focuses on individual subjectivity. Thirty-four Q-statements were selected from 130 Q-populations formed based on the results of in-depth interviews and literature reviews. The P-samples were 34 families of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital in Busan, Korea. They categorized the Q-statements using a 9-point scale. Using the PC-QUANL program, factor analysis was performed with the P-samples along an axis. Results: The families' perceptions of the DNR proxy decision were categorized into three types. Type I, rational acceptance, valued consensus among family members based on comprehensive support from medical staff. Type II, psychological burden, involved hesitance in making a DNR proxy decision because of negative emotions and psychological conflict. Type III, discreet decisions, valued the patients' right to self-determination and desire for a legitimate proxy decision. Type I included 18 participants, which was the most common type, and types II and III each included eight participants. Conclusion: Families' perceptions of DNR proxy decisions vary, requiring tailored care and intervention. We suggest developing and providing interventions that may psychologically support families.

• 인지과학
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-83
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• 2019

현재 얻을 수 있는 이득/손실을 참고 기다리는 것은 그 시간만큼 이득/손실을 가져다준다. 하지만 사람에 따라 지연 시간에 대한 가치를 평가하는 것에는 개인차가 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 지연 시간에 대한 가치 평가의 개인차를 탐색하기 위하여 시점 간 선택 과제에서의 판단과 위험 지각/수용, 정서, 자기조절초점, HPSP 설문, BELT과제, 주관적 시간 길이 측정 과제의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 추가적으로 시점 간 선택 과제를 수행 성과화하여 수행을 잘 한 사람과 못 한 사람, 주관적 시간의 길이를 길게 지각한 사람과 짧게 지각한 사람의 개인차 변인의 차이를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 시점 간 선택에서 적절하게 선택을 했던 사람들은 개방성이 높았으며, 12시간, 15일, 6개월, 5년의 길이를 더 길게 지각하는 것으로 나타났다. 시점 간 선택의 수행에 미래 시간의 길이에 대한 재구성은 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각되며, 이에 대한 후속 연구의 필요성을 논의하였다.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.188-211
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 징병제 하에서 군 입대 연기를 가져오는 입대대상자의 개인적 특성변수를 실증적으로 검토한다. 개인적 특성 변수는 군에 대한 태도, 군 생활의 불확실성, 군 생활에 대한 정보탐색, 군 근무환경 개선에 대한 기대, 군 생활에 대한 지각된 위험이라는 5개의 심리차원 변수와 여러 인구통계학적 변수를 사용한다. 개인적 심리차원 변수의 척도를 개발한 후, 군 입대 지연기간의 분석을 위한 기간분석 모형 또한 제안하였다. 군복무 의무를 마친 사람과 군복무를 아직 마치지 않은 사람을 포괄하여 설문조사를 한 후, 제안된 모형을 추정하였다. 추정결과 다섯 개의 심리차원 변수 중 군에 대한 부정적 태도와 군 생활에 대한 지각된 위험이 입대지연에 영향을 주며, 인구통계학적 변수의 경우에는 학력, 소득, 학점, 거주지, 가족 중 군 입대자의 비율이 입대지연에 영향을 미친다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 구체적으로 군에 대한 부정적 태도가 증가할수록, 군 생활에 대한 지각된 위험이 증가할수록, 고학력일수록, 학교성적이 높을수록, 소득수준이 낮거나 높을수록 서울특별시와 광역시에 거주할수록, 가족 중 군 입대자의 비율이 낮을수록, 입대시점이 지연되었다. 이와 같은 추정결과를 바탕으로 대한민국의 병력수급관리를 위한 여러 시사점 또한 제시하였다.

• 의료법학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.355-401
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• 2013

The first legislation for terminal health-care decision was California's Natural Death Act (NDA) of 1976 that permitted any adult person to execute a directive directing the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining procedures. Advance directive legislation has subsequently progressed on a state-by-state basis. By 1992, all 50 states, as well as the District of Columbia, had passed legislation to legalize some form of advance directive. This state legislation, however, has resulted in an often fragmented, incomplete, and sometimes inconsistent set of rules. Statutes enacted within a state often conflict and conflicts between statutes of different states are common. In an increasingly mobile society where an advance health-care directive given in one state must frequently be implemented in another, there is a need for greater uniformity. In 1993, the Uniform Law Commissioners approved the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA) in order to bring order to the existing chaos. Unfortunately, the Commissioners waited too long to act. By the time the UHCDA was approved, nearly all states had passed legislation governing advance directives. Consequently, the UHCDA has achieved only a limited success, picking up but one or two enactments a year. The UHCDA is currently in effect in around 10 states: Alabama, Alaska, California, Delaware, Hawaii, Kansas, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Tennessee, Wyoming. In these states the previous laws related to the subjects have been all repealed. The overall objective of the UHCDA is to encourage the making and enforcement of advance health care directives including living will or individual instruction, power of health-care attorney and to provide a means for making health care decisions for those who have failed to plan. The U. S. House of Representatives in 1991 enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA). The Act stipulates that all hospitals receiving Medicaid or Medicare reimbursement must ascertain whether patients have or wish to have advance directives. The Patient Self- Determination Act does not create or legalize advance directives; rather it validates their existence in each of the states. Now in America, terminal health-care decision or advance directive for health care is common and universal system. The problem, however, is how to let more people use these good tools to make their lives more beautiful and honorable.