• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.291-299
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• 1997

This study was accomplished to investigate the prevalence of obesity in 371 Kumi-city middle school students. The means of this study were anthropometric measurement and questionnaires about nutrient intake and energy expenditure. Anthropometric measurements were height, weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness(biceps, triceps, subscapular, supraliac, calf). The results obtained are as follows: Energy, calcium, iron intake for boys were lower than RDA. Iron intake was low in girls. Energy intake is lower than energy expenditure and RDA for boys. Energy intake, energy expenditure and RDA for girls were balanced. The average height, weight and arm circumference of boys were respectively 160.0cm, 49.4kg, 23.1cm and those of girls were respectively 155.9cm, 48.9kg, 22.6cm. Prevalence of obesity was respectively 5%, 4%, 7%, 4%, 59%, 15%, 14%, 24% for boys and 6%, 10%, 13%, 9%, 30%, 7%, 1%, 3496 for girls by RBW, BMI, RI, OI, %Fat I, %FatII, %FatIII, triceps. Correlation between subscapular skinfold thickness and BMI, RI, OI and %FatII showed high.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.90-97
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• 2018

This study assessed the effect of ozone to control pathogenic bacteria in inlet water flowing to flounder farms, establishing operational parameters of ozonation at seawater conditions. Hydraulic retention time in a reaction pipeline after ozonation was fixed at 3 minutes in a flow through system. Concentrations of total residual oxidant (TRO) by ozonation were measured according to different ozonation intensities. The oxidant reduction potential (ORP), which is indirect but enables real-time measurement, was measured in relation to TRO values. TRO values were $0.01{\pm}0.01mg\;L^{-1}$ at an ORP range of 320-410 mV, $0.07{\pm}0.02mg\;L^{-1}$ at 600 mV, and $0.16{\pm}0.03mg\;L^{-1}$ at 700 mV. A heterotrophic marine bacteria colony was reduced by 80.6-97.9%, showing the suppression effect of ozonation on total bacteria in inlet water. At an ORP range of 400-500 mV, colonies of heterotrophic marine bacteria, Vibrio spp., and gram negative bacteria were significantly reduced in outlet water from a culture tank with ongrowing flounder (230 g) at a stocking density of $8kg\;m^{-2}$. Especially, Vibrio spp. and gram negative bacteria were seldom found at 400-500 mV. The daily feeding rate was from over 0.7% to total body weight at 300-500 mV, showing better performance than that in the control. The pathogenic bacteria entering the flounder farm were effectively removed when the ORP range to 400 mV or less.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1037-1046
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• 2004

Age-dependent changes in body fat can often be observed in normal population. A series of indirect body fat estimates, such as hydrodensitometry, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis(BIA), and anthropometry equation for body fat, have been developed. The BIA made it possible to analyze body fat mass more related to hydrodensitometry than anthropometry. This study is to compare the body composition analysis between bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) and anthropometric measurements of women. The subjects were a group of Daejeon residents including 32 young-aged women($21.50{\pm}1.44$), 30 middle-aged women($50.33{\pm}5.27$), and 40 old-aged women($69.22{\pm}5.74$). We used BIA(inbody 3.0, Biospace Korea) to determine body fat and other body composition. We also measured weight, height, circumference for 12 parts, and skinfold thickness for 9 parts of all subjects' body. The results are as follows: The subjects' height by the age group were $161.74{\pm}0.94cm$ in the young-aged women, $154.16{\pm}1.09cm$ in the middle-aged, and $148.60{\pm}0.78cm$ in the old-aged respectively. BMI were, in order, $21.68{\pm}0.49,\;22.87{\pm}0.89,\;and\;23.85{\pm}0.55$. Relative body fat determined by BIA was, also in order, $29.06{\pm}0.92%,\;26.35{\pm}1.02%,and\;29.35{\pm}1.07%$. Circumference and skinfold that showed the highest correlation with body fat by BIA was waist in the young-aged(r=0.738) and bast in the middle- and old-aged(r=0.844, r=0.804), and triceps in the young-and old-aged(r=0.538, r=0.798), and subcostal in the middle-aged(r=0.872). Body fat Estimations by BIA were the highest correlation with Caucasian women's equation(r=0.588) in young-aged women, Siri's equation with Durnin & Womesley's body density measurement(r=0.875) in middle aged women and Caucasian women' equation(r=0.872) in old aged women. We need to develop specific anthropometric equations based on sex and age to determine body fat.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.408-417
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• 2017

The objective of this study is to examine the structural relations between physical self-efficacy, depression, and ego-integrity among the elderly (60 years and older) currently participating in leisure sports. In addition, since the variables affecting ego integrity are presented in a multidimensional manner, it is very important to examine the cause and effect of the variables from an integrated perspective. To achieve this objective, 427 senior citizens attending the leisure sports program of a seniors center were assigned as the research subjects. For the structural equation modeling performed in the study, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted for each variable, and direct, indirect, and total effects were estimated. The model fit is based on TLI, CFI, and RMSEA, and both the fit of the measurement model and the fit of the research model satisfy the criterion. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, in the results of verifying the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, all the variables of physical self-efficacy, depression, and ego-integrity were suitable. Second, the perceived physical ability had positive effects on depression, current life satisfaction, wise life, and attitude toward life, whereas the physical self-expression confidence had positive effects on current life satisfaction and attitude toward life, but negative effects on acceptance of the past life. Lastly, depression had negative effects on current life satisfaction. The results showed that the elderly identified the integrated relationship of physical self - efficacy, depression, and self-integration.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.711-717
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• 2017

Measurements of the moment of inertia of a small turbocharger rotor were studied. A measuring device was manufactured using the trifilar method and the moment of inertia of the calibration rotor was measured to verify the device. The coefficient of variation was 0.43% and the error was 0.75%. The results showed that the device is suitable for measuring the moment of inertia of a turbocharger rotor. Next, the moment of inertia for two turbine rotors and compressor wheels was measured. Those for the turbine rotors showed precise and accurate results in that the coefficients were under 1.0% and the errors were under 3.0%. On the other hand, those for the compressor wheel were precise but inaccurate in that the coefficients were under 1.0% and the errors were over 24.4%. Therefore an indirect method for the compressor wheel was suggested. The results showed that the coefficients were under 1.2% and the errors were under 7.88%.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

This study was to evaluate the performance of the Double stage Pore controllable fiber (DP) filter system as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane. The evaluation for the pre-treatment filter was performed through the indirect method, SDI (Silt Density Index) measurement of the filtrate. This study was done during Jan. 3 of 2009 to Dec. 3 of 2009 at OO Water Treatment Plant that was suppling industrial water to plants, and the raw water was contaminated lake water and it was fed to the system after clarification with coagulation. The average turbidity of the feed water and that of the filtrate was 0.79 NTU (0.28~4.01 NTU), and 0.16 NTU (0.04~0.50) respectively. And so the average turbidity removal efficiency was 77%. The filtrate flow rate and the backwash water flow rate was about 230 $m^3$/day and about 8.7 $m^3$/day respectively, and so the backwash rate was 3.8%. The data for some samples were obtained after a few days storage, and it caused the higher turbidity and SDI15 as the storage time was increased. But average SDI value of the filtrate was 3.6 (2.26~5.00) which was lower than minimum value required by the RO membrane manufacturer as the RO feed water to guarantee the life time of the RO membrane. So, the DP filter system was enough for the application as the pre-treatment of the RO membrane.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.35 no.6 s.113
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• pp.459-474
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• 2005

Making a precise and ideal set-up model is an essential part in the indirect bonding procedure for lingual orthodontic treatment. To evaluate the accuracy of the making a set-up model, 22 adult patients who received lingual orthodontic treatment with 4 bicuspid extractions were selected, and 3 sets of dental models (before, set-up, and after treatment) were measured using the set-up model gauge, an instrument for measuring the inclination and angulation of the clinical crowns on the dental model. Two sets of lateral cephalograms (before and after) from each patient were also evaluated. The mean difference between the before treatment model and the set-up model was $-3.93{\pm}6.98^{\circ}$ for the inclination and $1.87{\pm}5.79^{\circ}$ for the angulation. And the mean difference between the set-up model and the after treatment model was $-4.31{\pm}5.91^{\circ}$ labiolingually and $-2.16{\pm}3.27^{\circ}$ mesiodistally, The after treatment model differed from the before treatment model about $-8.24{\pm}5.39^{\circ}$ in inclination. There were no significant difference between the measured gauge that measured from the dental model using the set-up model gauge and the calculated gauge angle measured from the lateral cephalogram using constructed points and lines. Using the set-up model gauge, it is possible to evaluate the study model 3-dimensionally in relation with the patient's lateral cephalogram and establish whether the doctor's prescription or overcorrection is built in the set-up model precisely.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2012

Current medical institutions with the development of medical technology to the increased demand for health use of radiation equipment is increasing rapidly. Direct radiation from the patient receives the aim of reducing exposure as much as possible is important and the spatial dose of scattered radiation with in the space to engage in reducing healthcare physician, radiation workers and carers need to reduce indirect exposure. X-ray radiation workers and caregivers in the X-ray room to wearing of protective clothing is advised. However Radiation worker sand caregivers of patients with secondary is done, by wearing protective clothing to wear protective clothing because of the weight and discomfort have been neglected. In this study, based on the presence or absence of clothing scattered radiation from space to measure distances, depending on the horizontal and height by measuring the angle of the importance of wearing protective clothing were investigated.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.122-137
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• 2010

Objective : Atopic dermatitis (AD) in children may profoundly affect the quality of life (QOL), and also cause financial burden, to the families of those suffering from this ailment. The aim of our study was to examine the quality of life and the financial burden of atopic dermatitis in children and their families to evaluate this relationship with the degree of AD. Methods : 37 infant and child atopic dermatitis patients were included and evaluated using the SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Patients and carers were asked to fill in the questionnaires about their quality of life and financial costs during the past year. Data about sleep disturbance and pruritus were also obtained. Pearson's correlation was used for statistical analysis. Results : 1. The mean score of Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was $10.52{\pm}4.82$, Infants' Dermatologic Quality of Life (IDQOL) was $8.21{\pm}3.95$. 2. The mean score of Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI) was $13.30{\pm}5.72$, Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) was $12.5{\pm}4.98$. 3. By analyzing the questionnaire, the monthly average cost was determined to be 730,800 won for each patient : the direct cost was 283,500 won, and the indirect cost was 447,300 won. 4. By analyzing the correlation between the severity of AD and QOL, subjective SCORAD were significantly and positively correlated with QOL(IDQOL, FDLQI, DFI, CDLQI). 5. By analyzing the correlation between the severity of AD and any economic impact, EASI were significantly and positively correlated with the direct cost. Conclusion : The above results show that the QOL of the patients and carers is significantly related to their disease severity. Atopic dermatitis patients pay an average of 730,800 won a month, and the economic impact on the patients is significantly related to their disease severity. The CDLQI, IDQOL, FDLQI and DFImay potentially be of value to help in the appropriate management of AD and can be used as an added measurement in clinical trials involving AD management.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.59-63
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• 2011

It is important to reduce indirect scattered neutron beside direct neutron of chosen energy for designing a neutron-reference-field laboratory with neutron produced from a nuclear reaction by a accelerator. Therefore MCNPX simulation was performed with various conditions for obtaining such condition. At first in the original laboratory condition we calculated the direct neutron flux which was inserted in chamber (virtual chamber composed of air) of 0 degree (proton moving direction) for neutron flux measurement and the scattered neutron flux which is inserted in the chamber after scattering wall or bottom. In the result, the scattered neutron which was inserted after scattering bottom is more than that which was inserted after scattering the others. Therefore MCNPX simulation was again performed with removing the concrete bottom and with removing the concrete bottom and digging 1 m in the ground. In the result of removing concrete bottom and digging 1 m in the ground, scattered neutron which was inserted after scattering bottom became less than that which was inserted after scattering the others.