• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2007

Objectives : A morphological classification among Sophora tonkinensis, Menispermum dauricum and Indigofera kirilowii was made through microscopic observation. Method : The slice of the tested material made by paraffin section technique was colored with Safranine Malachite Green contrast methods, and then observed and photographed by olymphus-BHT. Result : 1. The cross-sections of Sophora tonkinensis and Indigofera kirilowii have piths, but Menispermum dauricum does not have any. 2. The lateral parts of Sophora tonkinensis cortex include the square crystal of calcium oxalate, but Indigofera kirilowii does not. Conclusion : The number of piths and the presence of the square crystal of calcium oxalate can be used to distinguished Sophora tonkinensis from Indigofera kirilowii.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1106-1111
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성이 우수한 천연 항균성 물질을 검색하기 위 해 예로부터 민간과 한방에서 널리 이용되어 온 산두근을 각종 유기용매로 추출하여 식중독 유발세균에 대한 항균활성을 조사해 보았다. 산두근을 methanol로 추출한 후, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethly acetate를 이용하여 실온에서 각각 용매별로 계통 분획하고, 열수추출물을 얻은 후,9종의 식중독 유발세균(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella Enteritidis, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aruginosa, Shigella sonnei)에 대하여 항균효과를 조사하였다. 산두근 추출물의 농도별 항균 활성 검색에서는 산두근의 ethyl acetate추출물이 가장 큰 항균 효과를 보였으며 Staphylococcus aureus와 Shigella dysenteriae가 가장 민감하게 반응하는 균주였다. 산두근의 ethyl acetate 추출물과 백두옹의 ethyl acetate 추출물을 혼합하여 항균력을 측정 해 본 결과 두 추출물을 섞어 첨가했을 경우가 단독으로 사용했을 때보다 상승효과를 나타내었다. 또한 산두근의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 성장에 미치는 효과를 검정하기 위해 Staphylococcus aureus 및 Shigella dysenteriae의 배양액에 산두근의 ethyl acetate추출물을 각각 4,000 ppm 농도로 첨가했을 시, Staphylococcus aureus의 생육이 24시간 이상까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었고, Shigella dysenteriae의 생육도 48시간까지 지연시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 결과 산두근의 ethyl acetate 추출물은 식품보존제 등의 신소재 물질로 활용가능성이 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제88권2호
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• pp.213-220
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• 1999

본 연구는 한국에서 생육하는 땅비싸리속 6분류군의 화분형태를 광학현미경과 주사형전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 본 속의 화분립은 단립이며, 적도면 입상은 약장구형 혹은 아장구형이고, 발아구는 삼공구형이고, 표면무늬는 DMIP상이거나 VPPS상이었다. 본 속은 mesocolpium, apocolpium 그리고 구구 주변의 표면무늬에 따라 Decora, Kirilowii, Koreana 화분형으로 구분되었다. 염색체 수와 mesocolpium 표면무늬에 연관성이 있고, Decora와 Krilowii 화분형은 Koreana 화분형에서 분지된 듯 보인다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2005

한국산 땅비싸리속 식물의 종분화를 연구하기위해 염색체수, 형태적변이 및 RAPD분석을 실시하였다. 땅비싸리(2n=16) 와 좀땅비싸리(2n=32)의 염색체수는 기존의 보고와 일치하였다. 본 연구에서 큰꽃땅비싸리의 4배체(2n=32)와 6배체(2n=48)집단이 새로 조사되었다. 큰꽃땅비싸리는 가야산 부근에서 땅비싸리와 좀땅비싸리와 함께 자라고 있었다. 큰꽃땅비싸리는 이들 두 종에 비해 식물체 높이, 잎 및 꽃이 더 크며, 땅비싸리 근연종에서 중요한 분류형질인 잎과 꽃의 털에서 땅비싸리와 좀땅비싸리의 중간 형태를 보이고 있다. RAPD분석에서 큰꽃땅비싸리는 좀땅비싸리와 더 유사하였으나, 4배체와 6배체 간에 차이를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 한반도 고유종인 큰꽃땅비싸리가 공동분포지인 가야산 지역에서 땅비싸리와 좀땅비싸리 사이의 잡종현상과 함께 배수체현상에 의해 기원된 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.145-148
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• 1996

A new species, Indigofera grandiflora B. Choi et S. Cho, was described from sourthern Korea. The new species is related to I. kirilowii and I. koreana in the Far East. However, the species differs from these two species in having larger flowers and leaflets and hairiness on leaflets. The new species is also allied to I. decora in southest China and Japan, but clearly distinguished from the latter by its larger flowers, shorter inflorescences, and hairiness on leaflets.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of Portulaca oleracea extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Portulaca oleracea was extracted with methanol at room temperature, and then further fractionated by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Portulaca oleracea extracts was determined using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts of Portulaca oleracea showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae. There was also a synergistic effect of the combined extracts of Portulaca oleracea and Indigofera kirilowii as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curve of ethyl acetate extracts of Portulaca oleracea against Staph­ylococcus aureus and Shigella dysenteriae was determined The ethyl acetate extract of Portulaca oleracea showed strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus at the concentration of 4,000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Portulaca oleracea, retarded the growth of S. aureus by more than 24 hand Shigella dysenteriae up to 12 h at $37^{\circ}C$.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.57-69
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• 2011

The present paper deals with a research of life form and vegetation of the plants extant in the habitat of endangered Parnassius bremeri in Uiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do with a view to restore their habitat and create substitute habitats. The research found that there are a total of 130 vascular plants including 47 families, 96 genera, 113 species, 1 subspecies and 16 varieties. In terms of their life form, hemicryptophytes (H) is the majority of dormancy form with 41 species or 31.54%, while $R_5$ is majority of radicoid form with 72 species or 55.38%, gravitational disseminule form ($D_4$) is majority among the disseminule forms with 68 species or 52.31% and erect type (e) is majority of growth form with 57 species or 43.85%. Major constituents of the habitat are Sedum kamtschaticum, Selaginella tamariscina, Orostachys japonica, Arundinella hirta, Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii, Themeda triandra var. japonica, Carex humilis, Indigofera kirilowii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Festuca ovina, Artemisia capillaris, etc., all of species which are in the initial stage of succession and show simultaneously features characteristic of vegetation on the rock. In the habitat 1. Sedum kamtschaticum- Selaginella tamariscina community and Pinus densiflora community are distributed whereas, in the habitat 2. Sedum kamtschaticum-Selaginella tamariscina community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Carex humilis community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Cymbopogon tortilis var. goeringii community and Sedum kamtschaticum-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii community are growing and in the habitat 3. Sedum kamtschaticum-Selaginella tamariscina community, Selaginella tamariscina community, Sedum kamtschaticum-Indigofera kirilowii community and Quercus acutissima community are seen distributed there, too. Typical of food plants growing in the habitat is Sedum kamtschaticum, found mostly in the rocky area and its surroundings. Absorption plants are those that usually bloom in the season when imagoes emerge. From the research, it becomes evident that the blooming season of Sedum kamtschaticum, obviously a food plant, corresponds exactly to the emergence timing of imagoes. Cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense, Rosa multiflora, Erigeron annuus, Spiraea prunifolia var. simpliciflora are found to belong to these plants.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2006

This study was carried out to analyze community character and classify forest community with phytosociological method and quadrat method to forest of Mt. Busosan in Buyeo-Gun.1. Communities by phytosociological method were classified into Pinus densiflora community and Quercus sp. community. With the classification of TWINSPAN, the community was categorized into Pinus densiflora - Quercus variabilis community and Pinus densiflora - Styrax japonica community.2. The importance value of Pinus densiflora, Quercus acutissima, Prunus sargentii, Styrax japonica, Quercus serrata, Quercus variabilis, Pinus rigida, Quercus aliena in tree layer were 83.20, 41.87, 30.93, 24.85, 23.27, 20.97, 20.28, and 9.46, respectively. The relative coverage of Stephanandra incisa, Quercus serrata, Styrax japonica, Parthenocissua tricuspidata, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Lindera obtusiloba, Prunus sargentii, Quercus variabilis, Indigofera kirilowii, Quercus acutissima, Lespedeza maximowiczii, and Acer pseudosibolianum in shrub layer were 9.62%, 9.55%, 9.18%, 7.85%, 6.18%, 5.25%, 4.82%, 4.15%, 3.98%, 3.98%, 3.55%, and 2.98%, respectively.3. According to size distribution map of diameter breast height of dominant species, the dominant species of Mt. Busosan was Pinus densiflora, and Quercus sp. such as Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Quercus serrata may compete with the Pinus densiflora in the future.4. According to the ordination analysis of Mt. Busosan forest, Pinus densiflora - Styrax japonica community was found in moist site and Pinus densiflora - Quercus variabilis community was found in dry site.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.159-169
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• 1991

Floristic cmposition and soil properties were analyzed in chines cork oak(quercus variabilis)cmmunities in the limestone area, tanyang, ch'ungbuk province in korea. The tree layer was composed of quercus dentata, platycarya strobilacea, fraxinus rhynchophylla and others as wel as quercus variabilis. the shrub layer was dominated by ulmus davidiana for. suberosa,shrubby q. variabilis. euonymus alatus and rhus chinensis. among these, u. davidiana for. suberosa was known to have a restricted distribution to calcareous area, and 9 species in the shrub layer including e. alatus, indigofera kirilowii and rhamnus davurica belonged to the calcicole. The herb layer was dominated by carex lanceolata and spodiopogen cotulifer. ten specirs including g. lanceolata, clematis mandshurica, isachne globosa, lithospermum arvense and scabiosa mansenensis belonged to the calcicode. soil texture was classified to clay loam in both top and subsoil. Water cotent and organic matter were consistentl higher in top soil than in subsoil. soil ph rangd 7.8~8.4. Total n concentration in top soil ranged from 0.2 to 0.4mg/g, which was higher than that in subsoil. Available p and exchangeable k concentretion were also significantly higher in op soil than in subsoil. However, exchangeable ca concentration was similar betweenthe top and the subsoil. Unlike the other nutrients, exchangeable mg concentration in top soil was lower than that in subsoil. orangic matter, n, p and k content in this chinese cork oak stand showed as much as the other noncalcareous sites. Soil properties in this study area seemed to have been influenced by casts forming activities of earthworms.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제80권1호
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• pp.54-71
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• 1991

1980년(年) 7월(月)부터 1989년(年) 8월(月)까지 조계산(曹溪山) 삼림식생(森林植生)을 조사(調査)하고 식생구조(植生構造)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 조사(調査)된 관속식물(管束植物)은 750종류(種類)로 49목(目), 122과(科), 434속(屬), 627종(種), 1아종(亞種), 111변종(變種), 11품종(品種)으로 조사(調査)되었으며, Abies, Erythrortium, Spiranthus, Paeonia, Dictammus, Bupleurum 6속(屬)과 단풍마(Dioscorea quinguelobia), 타래난초(Spiranthes sinensis), 금난초(Cephalanthera falcata), 참당귀(Angelica gigus), 큰꽃으아리(Clematis patens), 산작약(Paeonia japonica), 부용(Hibiscus mutabilis), 단풍취(Ainsliama aceritolin), 백선(Dictamnus dasycarpus), 민백미꽃(Cynanchum ascyritolium), 봄구슬봉이(Gentiana thunbergii), 병개암나무(Corylus hallaisanensis), 잣나무(Pinus koraiensis), 바위말발도리(Deutzia prunifolia), 산앵도나무(Vaccinium koreanum), 엘레지(Erythronium japonicum), 땅비싸리(Indigofera kirilowii) (17종), 애기닥나무(Broussonetia kazinoki var. humillis), 줄사철나무(Euonymus fortunei var. radicans), 곱향나무(Juniperus communis var. nipponica), 송금나무(Callicarpa japonica var. taqiletti)(4변종)와 그리고 털생강나무(Lindera abtusiloba for. villosum)(1품종) 등을 추가 하였다. 2. 조계산식물상(曹溪山植物相)의 Raunkiaer의 Life form spectrum은 $CH-D_1-R_5-e$ type으로 분류(分類)되었으며 분포지(分布地)은 Nakai, 이(李), 임(任)의 남부형(南部型)에 일치(一致)하며 난대분자(暖帶分子)도 Lygodium, Cyrtomium, Torreya, Melia, Cayratia Thea, Bamboo등 7속(屬)이 분포(分布)한 것으로 나타냈다. 3. 삼림(森林) 식생(植生)의 Simpson 평균(平均) 종다양도(種多樣度) DS=0.9로 나타났고 Shannon-Wienner의 다양도(多樣度) 지수(指數) H1. 400로 다양(多樣)한 식생(植生) 군락(群落) 구성(構成)을 하고 있음을 알수 있다. 4. Pte Q는 1.81로서 전국평균 1.68보다 높게 나타났으며 귀화 식물에 대한 UI=28.75 외래수종(外來樹種)에 대한 UI=17.49로 백운산(白雲山), 내장산(內藏山)과 유사하였다. 5. 조계산(曹溪山) 삼림식생(森林植生)은 졸참나무, 서어나무, 굴참나무, 소나무, 신갈나무, 굴피나무, 상수리나무의 7개 자연군락(自然群落)과 때죽나무, 노각나무, 비목나무, 느티나무, 붉나무, 층층나무, 물푸레나무, 들메나무 등 8개(個)의 대상군락, 잣나무 편백, 일본잎갈나무, 밤나무, 리기다소나무, 일본목련, 삼나무 등 7개(個)의 인공식재군락(人工植栽群落)이 포함되어 자연식생, 대상식생, 인공식재림 등의 3개(個)의 식생형(植生型)이 분류(分類)되었다. 6. 식물사회학적(植物社會學的) 방법(方法)에 의(依)하여 1/25000 지형도(地形圖)에 현존식생도(現存植生圖)와 계층구조도(階層構造圖)를 작성(作成)하였다. 7. 중요(重要)한 종(種) 또는 특이(特異) 군락(群落)으로는 이(李) 김(金)과 박(朴)이 보고(報告)한 털조장나무(Lindera sericea) 새이삭여뀌(Persicaria tilitorme), 대팻집나무(flex macrophda), 민대팻집나무(I. macropoda for. pseudo-macropoda), 노각나무(Stewartia koreana), 진퍼리잔대(Aden ophora), 히어리(Corylopsis coreana)등은 일치(一致)하였고, 산앵도나무(Vaccinium coreanum), 약난초(Cremastra appendiculinium), 곱향나무(Juniper communis var. nipponica), 금난초(Cephalanthera falcata), 애기닥나무(Broussonetia kazinoki var. humilis), 큰꽃으아리(Clematis patens), 산작약(Paeonia obovata), 바위말발도리(Deatzia prunifolia), 백선(Dictmnus dasyarpus), 참당귀(Angelica gigics), 시호(Bupleurum falcatum)등의 종(種)이 추가(追加)되었다.