• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.722-733
• /
• 2019

This study was carried out to provide basic information for the ecological preservation management of temple forest (Donghaksa, Gapsa, Sinwonsa) by investigating the ecological characteristics of vegetation structure of the Cultural Heritage Site in Mt. Gyeryongsan National Park based on the Braun-Blanquet vegetation survey method from September 2018 to May 2019. As a result of hierarchical cluster analysis, the forest vegetation was classified into 3 vegetation units (Zelkova serrata - Akebia quinata - Kerria japonica community, VU1; Quercus serrata - Callicarpa japonica - Carpinus cordata community, VU2; and Pinus densiflora - Prunus sargentii - Fraxinus sieboldiana community, VU3). The indicator species of each vegetation unit were 12 taxa, 8 taxa, and 6 taxa, respectively. The result of the importance value analysis showed that Z. serrata had the highest importance value in all vegetation units, and the result of the species diversity analysis showed that the species diversity of VU3 was 0.939, which was relatively higher than other vegetation units. The result of the CCA of correlation between vegetation units and abiotic environmental factors showed that VU2 had a negative correlation with altitude, and biotic environmental factors had no significant correlation with vegetation units.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.90-109
• /
• 2016

This study aims to investigate the flora of Mt. Cheonma (Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea), including Korean endemic, rare and endangered plants. To support the biodiversity and usefulness of this investigation, we checked the red list plants, floristic regional indicator plants, climate change adaptation target plants and naturalized plants, and compared composition of plant species in Mt. Cheonma with nearby mountains. Totally, we performed 22 field investigations from April 2012 to October 2014. The number of vascular plants in this region is 433 taxa and comprised of 94 families, 266 genera, 378 species, 2 subspecies, 46 varieties, and 7 forms. Among them, there are 13 endemic plants designated by Korean Forest Service, whereas only 10 taxa are endemic species by Korean Ministry of Environment (KME). According to the IUCN criteria, there are 12 rare and endangered plants composed of 9 Least Concerned (LC), 2 Vulnerable species (VU), and one Endangered species (EN) found by Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Meanwhile, 8 taxa including 7 Least Concerned (LC) were found in Red List of KME. The floristic regional indicator plants designated by KME were 49 taxa. In addition, there are 14 taxa in The Adaptable to Climate Change Plant List designated by KNA, while only 19 taxa are naturalized plants. Generally, there are 190 common taxa in Gwangju Mountains area, and only 51 taxa are distributed in Mt. Cheonma.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.26 no.3 s.86
• /
• pp.306-313
• /
• 1998

The occurrences of ectomycorrhizal fungi were investigated in a pine-mushroom forest at Hongcheon, Korea. The fairy rings of Tricholoma matsutake were figured by the sporocarp places of T. matsutake for three years $(1995{\sim}1997)$, and the occurrences of other ectomycorrhizal fungi were surveyed with x and y dimensions for two years $(1996{\sim}1997)$. The diameters of fairy rings of T. matsutake ranged from 2m to 10m, which indicated that the age of the fairy rings as $10{\sim}50$ years when we consider that the growth of the fairy ring used to show about 10 cm per year. Russula bella, R. sororia, R. delica and Cantharellus minor were the major species occurred on the site during the survey period, and each species occupied 16.0%, 12.8%, 12.4% and 7.0% of total mushroom occurrence, respectively. From the results, we could conclude that the surveyed stand was a productivity-declining forest from the view point of pine-mushroom production. In addition, Amanita pantherina, Suillus bovinus, Ramaria flaccida and Laccaria amethystea were considered to be the indicator species for declining of pine-mushroom productivity since some fruiting bodies of the species appeared around the fairy ring of T. matsutake.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.609-618
• /
• 2014

We have been studied for geographic distribution, dominance and inhabitation characteristics of marine algal species at intertidal zones of Geojin in the northern part of east coast of Korea, Jukbyeon in the middle part and Gampo in the southern part in May and August 2014. For the geographic distribution, the three areas (Geojin, Jukbyeon and Gampo) were a characteristic of the temperate region. Geojin dominated with Ulva pertusa and Chaetomorpha moniligera, Jukbyeon dominated with C. moniligera and Chondria crassicaulis, Gampo dominated with Sargassum thunbergii, U. pertusa and Ectocarpus species. C/P, R/P and (R+C)/P, which can represent the marine algal flora, were 0.85, 2.10, 2.94 in Geojin, 0.58, 3.15, 3.73 in Jukbyeon and 0.80, 3.91, 4.71 in Gampo. As a result of cluster analysis, Those regions were divided in two groups, which were a group A of Geojin and group B of Jukbyeon and Gampo. This result was well matched with Jukbyeon and Gampo shared their temperate region character in the geographic distribution study.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.156-168
• /
• 2024

This study was carried out to provide fundamental data for forest land and the environment by investigating the vegetation structure and soil properties of forest land where Sarcodon impricatus are present. The study area was divided into the Quercus mongolica community, dominated by Q. mongolica and the Quercus variabilis community, a mixed forest with Q. variabilis, Q. mongolica and Pinus densiflora. Also, Calamagrostis arundinacea in the former community and Disporum smilacinum and Carex siderosticta in the latter community showed significant levels as indicator species. Both communities showed a strong correlation between available phosphate and pH, sand, and clay, and the high organic matter content and slightly acidic pH of the soil are believed to be related to the development of S. impricatus. The species appearing at the lower layer continue to dominate because the species appearing at the upper layer have secured realized niches. The site was distributed in a relatively humid place in a north-east direction, and soil was developed with a thin litter layer and low rock exposure. In the selected S. impricatus growing areas, vegetation centered on highly adaptable species to disturbance or external interference was developed. Therefore, it is expected to be used as fundamental data to promote the occurrence of S. impricatus during artificial cultivation, as it is possible to identify the stand where S. impricatus occurs indirectly.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.19 no.3 s.53
• /
• pp.40-51
• /
• 2004

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in the water system of Anyang Stream was analyzed from August, 2002 to April, 2003. Species number of benthic macroinvertebrates was 78 species, 33 families, 11 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla. They were collected 49 species at 1st survey, 51 species at End survey and 53 species at 3rd survey, respectively. Species numbers at each tributary were 43 species at the Wanggok Stream, 44 species at the Mokgam Stream, 33 species at the Ohjeon Stream and 26 species at the Hakeu Stream, while it was only 9 species at the Dangjeong Stream. Species number of the main course of Anyang Stream was 24 species. Dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates at the Wanggok, Ohjeon and Hakeu Stream were Baetis fuscatus, Alainites muticus, Physa acuta and chironominae sp. They were mainly intermediate and tolerant species. Dominant species and subdominant species of the Dangjeong Stream were Limnodrilus socialis, Psychoda KUa and Telmatoscopus KUa as indicator species for severe sewage pollution. Dominant species at Geumjeong-dong and KUa bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were Physa acuta, Limodrilus gotoi, Chironominae sp., Species diversity indices at the Mokgam Stream were $high(3.53\~4.28\;range)$ and those of the Hakeu, Wanggok and Ohjeon Stream were some what high$(2.00\~3.13\;and\;2.34\~3.10\;range)$. But, species diversity indices in the Dangjeon Stream were low$(1.36\~1.70\;range)$ too. and those of the main course of Anyang Stream were low$(0.86\~1.79\;range)$ too. Species richness indices in the Wanggok and Mokgam Stream were very high$(3.55\~4.02\;and\;2.96\~5.31\;range)$ and those of Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were low$(0.89\~1.98\;range)$. Stream bed and riparian bank of middle reach in the Wanggok Stream were good condition and water was clean. The Mokgam Stream had various microhabitats, good water weed area, hetero geneous substrates and etc.. And, stream bed in the Hakeu Stream was in good condition. So, above streams should be continuously in good ecological condition and useful area for citizens.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.845-856
• /
• 2011

In order to establish fundamental data for stream restoration and environmental flow, we investigated inhabitation and species diversity of fish to substrate size in the typical streams of Geum River Basin. Field monitoring including fish sampling was conducted from October 2007 to October 2009. Substrate size was determined according to six different : silt (Si), sand (Sa), fine gravel (Fg), coarse gravel (Cg), cobbles (Co) and boulders (Bo). A total number of fish caught in the 18 sites was 7,649 representing 10 families 50 species, and Si, Sa, Fg, Cg, Co and Bo stations occupied 30, 29, 38, 30, 27 and 17 species, respectively. The most frequently found species in number was pale chum (Zacco platypus, 29.7%, n=2,275) followed by Z. koreanus (22.5%, n=1,720) in total stations. Biological diversity with increase of substrate size from the dominance of part species showed higher values as dominance index, lower and diversity, richness and evenness index. Index of biological integrity (IBI) and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) scores decreased with increase of substrate size. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort on stream rehabilitation with evaluation of physical habitat condition by indicator species in order to maintain biodiversity and perform ecological restoration.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.911-942
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of indigenous habitat of Donghae-si and Samcheok-si in Gangwon-do, Korea. The vascular plants were collected 18 times (from March to October 2011), and were identified as 804 taxa; 127 families, 445 genera, 720 species, 8 subspecies, 69 varieties, 5 forms and 2 hybrids. In the flora of this area, the calcicolous plants were 55 taxa; Cheilanthes argentea, Clematis serratifoliam, Quercus variabilis. Epipactis papillosa, etc. The endangered plants designated and protected by the wildlife protection law, the Ministry of Environment, Korean were counted to one taxon; Cymbidium macrorhizum. The red list of vascular plants according to IUCN valuation basis were examined, endangered species (EN); Prunus yedoensis and Cymbidium macrorhizum, Vulnerable species (VU); Juniperus chinensis, Pulsatilla tongkangensis, Diarthron linifolium and Swertia wilfordii, Near Threatened species (NT); Paeonia japonica, Allium senescens, Epipactis papillosa and Pogonia minor, Least Concern species (LC); Asplenium ruta-muraria, Platycladus orientalis, Monotropa hypopithys and Eleutherococcus divaricatus var. chiisanensis, etc., Data Deficient species (DD); Paeonia lactiflora var. trichocarpa, and Not Evaluate species (NE); Prunus choreiana, Panax ginseng and Polygonatum infundiflorum etc. Korean endemic plants of this area were 26 taxa; Aconitum pseudolaeve, Corydalis hirtipes, Vicia chosenensis, Salvia chanroenica and Hemerocallis hakuunensis, etc. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 130 taxa comprising 11 taxa of grade V, 15 taxa of grade IV, 33 taxa of grade III, 15 taxa of grade II, 56 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were identified as 67 taxa and the percent of naturalized index (NI) was 8.3% of total 804 taxa vascular plants.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
• /
• 1993.06a
• /
• pp.4-5
• /
• 1993

Toxicity tests in our laboratory are conducted usually with mass-reared organisms. They are under the same environmentel conditions throughout seasons and are supplied at specific age. A total of 38 species of aquatic organisms are being reared. We have attempted to establish pruified strains or to select clones of various parthenogenic organisms. The merits or demerits of our culturing test organisms are discussed. The differences in the susceptibility among clones or strains of test organism are also discussed. For a single species test, algae, daphnia, fish are often used. However, we usually use early stages, but occasionally, adults fish are used for reproduction tests. As an another important aspect, the toxicity through food chains has been studied. In this study, we select a pair of species belonging different trophic levels. The differences between single species tests and multispecies tests will be discussed. Even a single species test intends to assess the effects of chemicals on ecosystem levels, however, this idea is not applicable to ecosystems. Single species tests with standard organisms and multispecies tests are contradictory in concept. One type of multispecles tests is indoor microcosms being composed of severel species artificially assembled, and another is composed of natural components (both indoor and outdoor). We have used three types of outdoor mesocosms using ponds and three types of artificial streams. The mesocosms is useful to not only to analyze the floral or faun61 changes but also to study the fate or behaviour of chemicals in naturd environments. Lastly, usefulness of the field observation or experiments or semi-field experiments will be discussed. This will enhance the exploitation of early warning systems utilizing indicator organisms or animal behaviour.aviour.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.271-278
• /
• 2011

The allelopathic effects of Lantana camara L. (Family:Verbenaceae) on germination and seedling establishment of some agricultural crops and weed species have been identified. Aqueous extracts of dry leaves and contaminated soil where L. camara is grown were used to verify allelopathic effect on seed germination of five bioassay species; Raphanus sativas, Capsicum annum, Lycopersicum esculantem, Crotalaria juncia and Chromoleana odorata. Fifty seeds from each bioassay species were placed in a petri dish containing leaf extracts or contaminated soil, and seed germination were examined after 3 days. The plant house experiments were carried out to evaluate the impact of L. camara contaminated soil and leaf debris using L. esculantem as the indicator plant. Seed germination of L. esculentem, C. junica and Capsicum annum was significantly inhibited by L. camara contaminated soil. However, the degree of inhibition varied among the bioassay species. The aqueous extract of dry leaves of L. camara was highly phytotoxic and it significantly reduced seed germination of all bioassay species. There was a decline in plant height, leaf area and shoot dry weight of tomato only in early growth stages when grown in L. camara contaminated soils. However, incorporation of leaf debris into soil affected the vegetative growth of tomato in early stages when the leaf debris concentration was increased. Growth recovered at the latter part of the life cycle. On the basis of these results it can be concluded that the allelochemicals in L. camara contaminated soils are harmful to the seed germination of crop species. The adverse effect was present only during the early growth stages and it did not suppress the latter part of the plant growth. These responses are attributed to allelopathic effects which need confirmation under field conditions.