• 대기
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2010

The interannual variability of the tropical Indian Ocean SST is investigated by analyzing the ocean assimilation data. It is significant that since 1970, ENSO events frequently followed the Indian Ocean Dipole event. The SST tendency due to the dynamical SST advections over the tropical Indian Ocean sufficiently overwhelms that due to other thermodynamic process during the fall and winter of ENSO. Especially, the strong cooling due to the anomalous vertical advection by the mean upwelling and the warming due to the horizontal advection are attributed to the cold SST during the fall and the warm SST during the winter, respectively. The significant warming between winter and spring over the southwestern Indian Ocean turns out to be due to the vertical advection of the mean subsurface temperature by the anomalous upwelling during the winter and the vertical advection of the anomalous subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling from winter to spring. We speculate that when the Indian Ocean Dipole events concurred with the ENSO, the surface wind is so strong enough as to generate the change in the SST dynamically and overwhelm the SST changes associated with other effects.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2008년도 12th Asian Congress of Fluid Mechanics
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• pp.28.3-28.3
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• 2008

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2003년도 The Fifth Asian Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference
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• pp.50-51
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• 2003

• 복식문화연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

This study is to reconsider the symbolic potential of the costume by investigating the role of cloth in Indian culture, noting the fact that Indians wore hand-woven cloth and adopted a flag with the spinning wheel in the center as part of their nationalistic programs for independence. The results are as follows; The Indian cotton industry had held the fist position in the world and spinning and weaving had been an Indian national industry until the early part of the 19th century. As for the Indian cotton industry under the rule of Britain, Indian was reduced to being a colony producing raw materials and a market of cheap British finished goods, and eventually fell into anarchy with economic poverty of the general public and peasants'uprising mixed with the complaint of the intellectuals. The Indian National Movement started as a resort to escape the British rule because of continuous poverty and social exhaustion, and its pivot was Gandhi. Gandhi launched a revolutionary noncooperation movement in Indian society with diverse races, religions and castes, and developed nation-wide campaigns such as Boycott, Swadeshi, the encouragement of spinning wheels, etc. Gandhi urged that Indians' weak identity and poverty were caused by the dissolution of their native craft and that the Indians should wear Indian products for economic independence. Accordingly, leaders of Indian National Congress regarded a spinning wheel as an economic necessity and national symbol, and approved manual spinning and weaving as part of their nationalistic programs in order to drew the general public to the nationalistic movement in 1920. They also decided that all Congressmen should wear hand-woven cloth, Khadi, and adopted spinning wheels as the logo type of Indian National Congress. Khadi, Indian national cloth, was a symbol of national unification, freedom and equality, and also a means of economic self-sufficiency, Swadeshi, and eventually led India to autonomy, Swaraji. Therefore, it can be concluded that the cloth converted Indias economic and political identity.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2020

Powdery mildew of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea), caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum, is emerging as major problem in India. All the Indian mustard cultivars presently grown in India are highly susceptible to powdery mildew and so far no resistance source has been reported. In this study, with an aim to identify resistant source, 1,020 Indian mustard accessions were evaluated against E. cruciferarum PMN isolate, at Wellington, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India under natural hot spot conditions. The study identified one accession (RDV 29) with complete resistance against E. cruciferarum PMN isolate for the first time, which was consistent in five independent evaluations. Genetic analysis of F₁, F₂ and backcross populations obtained from the cross RSEJ 775 (highly susceptible) × RDV 29 (highly resistant) for two season revealed that the resistance is governed by two genes with semi-dominant and gene dosage effect. Further, a new disease rating system using six scales (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) has also been proposed in this study to score powdery mildew based on progress of fungal growth in different plant parts of the F₂ population. The outcome of this study viz. newly identified powdery mildew-resistant Indian mustard accession (RDV 29), information on inheritance of resistance and the newly developed disease rating scale will provide the base for development of powdery mildew-resistant cultivars of Indian mustard.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate a variety of the Indian costume of the Central-South America and to examine the relation and symbolization of each Indian culture arrd costume. A study's method is to be examined through literatues related to the culture and history of Central-South America Indian, photos and references related to costume. The results are as follows. First, an analysis of Indian male of Central-South America reveals that costume types are different according to cultural areas. Second, an analysis Indian female of Central-South America reveals tlrat costume types are differerrt according to cultural areas. Third, a study on colors and patterns of Indian costume and personal ornament in Meso-America culture area reveals that they were influenced on the Maya and Aztec Civilizations. Fourth, a study on colors and patterns of Indian costume and personal ornament in Andes cultural area reveals that they were influenced on the Inca Civilization. Fifth, a type of ponchos is commonly revealed in Meso America and Andes cultural areas because of particular climate. Sixth, a study on Tropical costume types reveals that they are very different from those of Meso-America and Andes culture areas due to its climate and terrain conditions.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2020

Chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD) in the aquatic environment causes irreversible change to microbes, making them resistant to biodegradation, which needs remediation other than biological process. Adsorption study was performed for the removal of CHD on fly ash (FA) as a function of pH and ionic strength. Experimental result has been validated by characterization using Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. CHD adsorption with FA showed an increasing trend with an increase in pH. Variation in pH proved to be an influential parameter for the surface charge of adsorbent and the degree of ionization of the CHD molecules. The adsorption capacity of CHD decreased from 23.60 mg g-1 to 1.13 mg g-1, when ionic strength increased from to M. The adsorption isotherms were simulated well by the Freundlich isotherm model having R2 = 0.98. The Lagergren's model was incorporated to predict the system kinetics, while the mechanistic study was better explained by pseudo-second order for FA. On the basis of operational conditions and cost-effectiveness FA was found to be more economical as an adsorbent for the adsorption of CHD.

• Carbon letters
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

Sixteen clinically healthy New Zealand white rabbits of either sex were divided into two equal groups I and II of 8 animals each. Under thiopental sodium (2.5%) anaesthesia a linear full thickness abdominal wall defect of 3 cm in length was created and repaired with continuous suture pattern using 3000 filaments of carbon fibres and 1~0 black braided nylon suture, ingroup I and II respectively. Increased vascularity was observed in carbon fibres (group I) and on day 30 the carbon fibres were covered by white fibrous tissue. Significantly higher (P < 0.05) values of glucose was seen on day 14 in group I, whereas, decrease in glucose value was observed in group II. Histopathologically, the carbon fiber implant induced extensive fibrous tissue (collagen fiber) reaction. Negligible inflammatory cells in the stroma indicate the host tissue tolerance to carbon fibers. Histochemically, gradually increased alkaline phosphatase activity up to day 14 in group I, suggested the proliferation of fibroblasts in early stages.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2012

The status and functioning of Indian universities is explored in the Indian context from an NSI perspective. Whilst NSI is the main guiding post, the very social and economic context of Indian situation reflect the theoretical underpinning of this paper. The First part serves as a background to knowledge institutions and university sector in India. Basically, it identifies the main actors and agencies of India's NSI, namely, public research system comprising national laboratories, main science and technology agencies and councils and the university system. Given the focus of the paper on Indian universities in a macro historical perspective, the Second part is devoted to trace the growth and structure of university sector in terms of three phases, namely, 1940s to 1980; 1980 to 1990; and the era of liberalization after 1991. The Third part of the paper is devoted to knowledge production and knowledge diffusion. There are some important findings coming out of the quantitative data. It is argued that Indian production of doctorates is falling behind countries like China. Further, Indian universities are yet to achieve Humboltian goal. Finally, the paper has a concluding section which concerns with the current and future challenges facing Indian universities and their role in India's NIS.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1236-1246
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• 1997

본 연구는 1960년대 미국의 청년층에 의해 일어난 반문화적인 현상으로 인식되어온 동양문화의 도입, 특히, 인도문화가 청년문화 전반에 끼친 영향과 더 나아가 이러한 환경변화가 미국대학복식에 미친 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 1960년대 미국청년문화에 나타난 인도 문화의 영향은 철학, 종교 대중음악 등 다방면에서 보여졌으며, 또한 복식의 형태에도 반영되었다. 복식학자들에 의한 단편적인 추론에만 그쳤던 이러한 복식의 현상을 본 연구는 문헌조사에 의한 객관적이고 과학적인 연구방법을 이용하여 입증하고자 시도하였다. Washington, D.C.와 San Francisco/Berkeley 지역에 위치한 7개의 대학교에서 1960년 부터 1975년 사이에 발행한 대학신문에서 연구자료를 수집하여, 체계적인 자료수집 및 분석을 위한 연구방법으로 사회과학분야에서 주로 사용되어 온 Content Analysis Method를 이용하였다. Content Analysis Method는 예비연구(preliminary study)의 결과를 기초로 인도 복식의 영향을 받은 미국대학복식의 형태를 크게 의복(clothes), 장신구(accessories), 직물(fabrics) 등의 3개 category로 분류하여, 다시 13개의 subcategory(kurta, midriff top, Nehru jacket/suit, Indian shirt/blouse/smock/dress, sari, Indian jewelry, Indian sandal, Indian urn, Indian bedspread. Indian embroidery, Indian print, madras, tie-dye)로 세분하였다. 복식의 형태에 의한 분류외에도, 대학신문의 광고나 기사에 실린 내용을 인도복식이 미친 엮향의 정보를 알아보기 위하여 Attribution information을 3 category(originated, attributed, connotated)로 분류하여 조사하였다. 더불어, 같은 문헌에 나타난 인도에서 도입된 4개의 주된 종교(Transcendental Meditation, Hare Krishna, Yoga. Divine Light Mission)의 빈도도 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 13개의 가인도복식스타일(Indian style)의 Frequency(빈도), Attribution, Duration(기간)의 내응을 포함하는 표로 요약되었다. 또한, 연도별로 Indian style이 나타난 빈도의 Duration(기간)의 내용을 포함하는 표로 요약되었다. 또한, 연도별로 Indian style이 나타난 빈도의 합계와 연도를 축으로 하는 막대그래프를 작성하고 이 그래프에 Attribution Category의 내용도 함께 볼 수 있도록 정리하였다. 대학복식에 나타난 인도의 영향은 여성복식과 남성복식에 있어서 서로 유사점과 차이점이 보이는데, 인도의 영향이 여성복식에 있어서 그 빈도가 더 높고, 종류가 더 다양함을 볼 수 있다. 여성복식에 있어서는 12가지의 다양한 인도복식스타일이 나타났으며, 그중 가장 많이 보이는 스타일은 Indian Shirt/Blouse/Smock/ Dress이며, 그 뒤를 이어 Madras, Indian lowery등을 볼 수 있다. 남성복식애 나타난 7가지의 스타일 중에는 Madras가 가장 빈도가 높으며 그외의 스타일들은 그 빈도가 매우 낮음을 볼 수 있다. 인도의 영향의 정도 (Attribution Categories) 있어서는 여성과 남성복식 모두에 있어서 인도에서 직접 수입된(originated) item이 각각 전체의 90%와 81%를 차지하여, 인도복식의 영향은 받았으나 미국내에서 제작된(attributed and connotated) item 보다 휠씬 더 많은 수를 보였다. 인도복식스타일이 가장 많이 보여지는 시기(Peak period)는 여성과 남성복식에 있어 모두 1968년에서 1971년 사이로 공통점을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 미국 청년 문화에 전반적으로 나타났던 반문화적 현상과 동일한 시기로서, 이는 사회 현상이 복식에도 반영되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 같은 시기의 대학신문에 나타난 인도에서 도입된 4 개의 종교 역시 1960년대 후반 부터 그 빈도가 증가하여 1970년에 리고의 빈도가나타낭으로서 앞의 결과를 뒷받침해 주고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Washington,D.C.와 San Francisco/Berkeley 지역의 대학신문만을 연구자료로 사용하였으나 앞으로는 새로운 연구 자료의 발굴과 연구대상을 타 지역으로 확대시키므로서 미국내 전체의 청년복식에 대한 이해를 증가시킬 수 있을 것이다.