• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.105-115
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• 2020

The study empirically examines the effects of loan portfolio diversification on bank risk and return in the nascent banking market of Vietnam. Loan portfolio diversification is captured through the Hirschman-Herfindahl index and the Shannon Entropy with sectoral exposures. We access each bank's financial reports to collect the required data, especially the breakdown of sectoral loan portfolios, thus constituting a unique dataset. To compute bank return, we use the traditional accounting indicators, including return-on-assets, return-on-equity, and net-interest margin. For bank risk, we utilize the loan-loss provisions and non-performing loans relative to gross customer loans. Using a sample of 30 commercial banks over the period from 2008 to 2019 and the system generalized method of moments estimator for the dynamic panel, we indicate the downsides of portfolio diversification. Concretely, we observe that all diversification measures exhibit significantly negative signs in all regressions across different bank return proxies. At the same time, the estimates display the significant and positive impact of diversification on the non-performing loan ratio. Hence, sectoral loan portfolio diversification significantly hampers bank performance in both aspects of lower return and higher credit risk. The results are robust across a rich set of bank performance and portfolio diversification measures.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.231-244
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• 2022

With the improvement of people's living standards and the development of tourism, tourists have greater freedom in choosing destinations. Therefore, as an indicator of satisfaction with scenic spots, tourist comments are becoming increasingly prominent. This paper aims to compare and analyze the landscape image of the Five Great Mountains in China and provide specific strategies for its development. The online reviews of tourists on the Online Travel Agency (OTA) website about the Five Great Mountains from 2015 to 2018 are collected as research samples. The text analysis method and R language are used to analyze the content of the tourist reviews, while the high-frequency words in the word cloud are used for visual display. In addition, the entropy weight method is used to determine the index weight and tourist satisfaction is evaluated to understand the weaknesses of those scenic spots. The results of the study show that firstly, the tourist satisfaction with the Five Great Mountains is basically consistent with its popularity. Secondly, through weight analysis, tourists pay special attention to the landscape features and environmental health of the scenic area, so that relevant departments should focus on building the landscape characteristics and improving the environmental health of the scenic area. At the same time, the accommodation and service management of the scenic spot cannot be ignored. Finally, according to the analysis results, suggestions are made on how to improve the tourist satisfaction with the Five Great Mountains.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Purpose: To overcome the question that depends too much on expert's subjective judgment in traditional risk identification, this paper structure the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model of the risk identification of project, to research the risk identification of the project. Research design, data and methodology: This paper constructs the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model. Through iterative algorithm of AHP analysis, make sure the important degree of the sub project in risk analysis, then combine expert's subjective judgment with objective quantitative analysis, and distinguish the risk through identification models. Meanwhile, the concrete method of multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is probed. Using the index weights to analyse project risks is discussed in detail. Results: The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm is proposed in the paper, at first the method of fuzzy sets core is used to optimize the fuzzy relation matrix. It improves the capability of the algorithm. Then, the method of entropy weight is used to establish weight vectors. This makes the computation process fair and open. And thereby, the uncertainty of the evaluation result brought by the subjectivity can be avoided effectively and the evaluation result becomes more objective and more reasonable. Conclusions: In this paper, we use an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate a railroad engineering project risk. It can give a more reliable result for a reference of decision making.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.344-359
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• 2016

Due to the increasing occurrence of maritime accidents and high-level requirements and modernization of naval wars, the concept of ship environment adaptability becomes more and more important. Therefore, it is of great importance to carry out an evaluation system for ship environment adaptability, which contributes to both ship design and classification. This paper develops a comprehensive evaluation system for ship environment adaptability based on fuzzy mathematics theory. An evaluation index system for ship environment adaptability is elaborately summarized first. Then the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weighting methods are applied to aggregate the evaluations of criteria weights for each criterion and the corresponding subcriteria. Next, the multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to assess the ship integrative environment adaptability. Finally, in order to verify the proposed approach, an illustrative example for optimization and evaluation of five ship alternatives is adopted. Moreover, the influence of criteria weights, membership functions and fuzzy operators on the results is also analyzed.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.291-301
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• 2016

One of the most concerned topics in ecology is the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, there are few field studies, carried out in forests, although many studies have been done in controlled experiments in grasslands. In this paper, we describe the relationship pattern between three facets of diversity and productivity at Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest (RFWSF) in Bangladesh, which is the only remaining fresh water swamp forest of the country. Sixty sample plots were selected from RFWSF and included six functional traits including leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), tree height, bark thickness and wood density. In analyzing TD, we used Shannon diversity and richness indices, functional diversity was measured by Rao's quadratic entropy (Rao 1982) and Faith's (1992) index was used for phylogenetic diversity (PD). It was found that, TD, FD and PD were positively related with productivity (basal area) due to resource use complementarity but surprisingly the best predictor of tree productivity was FD. The results contribute to the understanding the effects of biodiversity loss and it is essential for conservation decision-making and policy-making of Ratargul Fresh Water Swamp Forest.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2003

The adsorption of co-cationic dual polymer system was investigated as was the fiber dispersion stability of a paper stock suspension. Polyaluminum chloride(PAC) and polyamidoamine epichlorohy-drin(PAE) polymers were used as wet-end additives. The adsorbed amounts of PAE polymer in a wet stock were measured by using polyelectrolytic PCD titration. The sheet forming experiments were carried out in a standard handsheet machine. Fiber dispersion stability and relative retention were evaluated in terms of M/K non-uniformity index and sheet basis weight, respectively. The PAE polymer adsorption of Langmuir-isothermal type decreased with increasing PAC addition level. The combination of the two cationic polymers presumably exerts a site-blocking effect by the low molecular weight PAC which gives a partial charge neutralization at a minimum level of addition. From a thermodynamic view point of PAE adsorption, an increase in adsorption entropy and a decrease in train number suggests that the PAR polymer has an extended conformation structure that potentially leads to an enhancement of the fiber dispersion stability. This conclusion is supported by handsheet experiments that examined the PAC-PAE dual polymer effects on the sheet formation and retention.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.201-215
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• 2024

Spline chirplet transform and local maximum synchrosqueezing are introduced to present a novel structural instantaneous frequency (IF) identification method named local maximum synchrosqueezing spline chirplet transform (LMSSSCT). Namely spline chirplet transform (SCT), a transform is firstly introduced based on classic chirplet transform and spline interpolated kernel function. Applying SCT in association with local maximum synchrosqueezing, the LMSSSCT is then proposed. The index of accuracy and Rényi entropy show that LMSSSCT outperforms the other time-frequency analysis (TFA) methods in processing analytical signals, especially in the presence of noise. Numerical examples of a Duffing nonlinear system with single degree of freedom and a two-layer shear frame structure with time-varying stiffness are used to verify the effectiveness of structural IF identification. Moreover, a nonlinear supported beam structure test is conducted and the LMSSSCT is utilized for structural IF identification. Numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the presented LMSSSCT can effectively identify the IFs of nonlinear structures and time-varying structures with good accuracy and stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.111-117
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• 2011

This study attempts to facilitate climate change adaptation in conservation area by spatial planning of climate adaptation zone for endangered species. Spatial area is South Korea and select leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) as a target species of this study. In order to specify the climate adaptation zone, firstly, Maximum entropy method (Maxent) was used to identify suitable habitat, and then core habitat was selected for leopard cat. Secondly, land use resistance index was evaluated and least cost distance was analyzed for target species. In this step we choose dispersal capacity of leopard cat to reflect species ecological characteristic. Finally, climate adaptation zone is described and adaptation measures are suggested. The presented approach could be generalized for application into conservation planning and restoration process. Furthermore, spatial planning of climate adaptation zone could increase heterogeneity of habitat and improve adaptive capacity of species and habitat itself.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.11
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• pp.78-87
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• 1994

In this paper, we have addressed a new approach to encode the DCT coefficients efficiently by exploiting the structural differences among the probability distribution functions of them. We have proved analytically that if signals are separated according to their source models, the entropy of the separated signals decreases below that of the unseparated signals. And simulation results show that the average codelength decrease when each (runlength, level) symbol is encoded adaptively according to the index associated with the symbol.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.83-117
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• 2004

This study investigates the spatial distributions of the ambient levels of air pollutants ($SO_2$, $NO_2$, $O_3$, CO, and PM) in Seoul metropolitan area using the data obtained by the air pollution observation stations. This study estimated a non-parametric kernel density function and two types of inequality indices, Gini and Entropy. Our estimation results show that the degree of inequality in spatial distribution of air pollution, in general, tends to be stable or slightly decreasing for the period of 1990~2001. In addition, we found that there are significant dynamics of air pollution levels in terms of spatial ranking.