• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord serum adiponectin (APN) and IGF-I concentrations and fetal growth. Methods : Umbilical cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations were measured in healthy term singleton deliveries (n=72). The association of cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations was evaluated in relation to birth weight, height, head circumference, gender, ponderal index, placental weight, feto-placental (F/P) weight ratio, maternal weight gain, and maternal body mass index (BMI). Results : The mean cord serum APN was 29.2${\pm}$10.46 $\mu$g/mL. The cord serum APN and birth weight demonstrated a bell-shape relationship. The cord serum APN concentration was higher in females than males (P=0.001). The cord serum APN was negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r=-0.301, P=0.027), but the mean cord serum APN concentration was not correlated with birth height, birth head circumference, ponderal index, placental weight, F/P ratio, or maternal weight gain. The mean cord serum concentrations of IGF-I was 51.26${\pm}$21.54 ng/mL. The cord serum IGF-I concentration was positively correlated with birth weight (r=0.312, P=0.009), but not birth height, ponderal index, placental weight, F/P weight ratio, or maternal BMI. Conclusion : APN demonstrated a bell-shaped relationship with birth weight in healthy term infants. IGF-I was highly correlated with fetal growth, especially birth weight.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reminiscence therapy using mind map to improve cognitive function, depression index, quality of life for old woman with dementia. Method : The study were 14 patients who were diagnosed with a woman suspected of dementia. They were randomly assigned to Study group(N=7) and control group(N=7). All patients received only to Study groups. reminiscence therapy using mind map was composed to 10 sessions, 40 minutes per sessions, 2 times a week, for 5 weeks. For result analysis, descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. The evaluation tools were Mini-Mental State Examination Korean Version (MMSE-K), Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Result : There was a significant difference in cognitive function, depression index, and quality of life in the within group after intervention, and there was a significant difference in cognitive function in the between group comparison. Conclusion : According to the results of study, an easing effect was confirmed regarding reminiscence therapy using mind map for an old woman with dementia. using reminiscence therapy using mind map when applied to the improvement of cognitive function, depression index, quality of life.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.324-335
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• 2023

Korea, located in East Asia in the northern hemisphere, is experiencing severe climate changes. Specifically, the heat stress caused by global warming is negatively affecting the dairy sector, including milk production and reproductive performance, as the major dairy cattle Holstein-Friesian is particularly susceptible to heat stress. Here, we collected artificial insemination and pregnancy data of the Holstein and the Jersey cows from a dairy farm from 2014 to 2021 and analyzed the association between the conception rate and the temperature-humidity index, calculated using the data from the closest official weather station. As the temperature-humidity index threshold increased, the conception rate gradually decreased. However, this decrease was steeper in the Holstein breed than in the Jersey one at a temperature-humidity index threshold of 75. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the oocyte quality, we examined the nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of Holstein (n = 158, obtained from six animals) and Jersey oocytes (n = 123, obtained from six animals), obtained by ovum pick-up. There were no differences in the nuclear maturation between the different conditions (heat stress: 40.5℃, non- heat stress: 37.5℃) or breeds, although the Holstein oocytes seemed to have a lower metaphase II development (p = 0.0521) after in vitro maturation under heat stress conditions. However, we found that the Holstein metaphase II oocytes exposed to heat stress presented more reactive oxygen species and a peripheral distribution of the mitochondria, compared to those of the Jersey cattle. Here, we show that weather information from local meteorological stations can be used to calculate the temperature-humidity index threshold at which heat stress influences the conception rate, and that the Jersey cows are more tolerant to heat stress in terms of their conception rate at a temperature-humidity index over 75. The lower fertility of the Holstein cows is likely attributed to impaired cytoplasmic maturation induced by heat stress. Thus, the Jersey cows can be a good breed for the sustainability of dairy farms for addressing climate changes in South Korea, as they are more resistant to hyperthermia.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.157-163
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• 2017

The binary and interpolation search algorithms are the most famous among search area algorithms, the former running in $O(log_2n)$ on average, and the latter in $O(log_2log_2n)$ on average and O(n) at worst. Also, the interpolation search use only the probability of key value location without priori information. This paper proposes another search algorithm, which I term a 'hybrid block and interpolation search'. This algorithm employs the block search, a method by which MSB index of a data is determined as a block, and the interpolation search to find the exact location of the key. The proposed algorithm reduces the search range with priori information and search the reduced range with uninformed situation. Experimental results show that the algorithm has a time complexity of $O(log_2log_2n_i)$, $n_i{\simeq}0.1n$ both on average and at worst through utilization of previously acquired information on the block search. The proposed algorithm has proved to be approximately 10 times faster than the interpolation search on average.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.4A
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• pp.364-370
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a VLSI array architecture for high speed processing of FBMA. First of all, the sequential FBMA is transformed into a single assignment code by using the index space expansion, and then the dependance graph is obtained from it. The two dimensional VLSI array is derived by projecting the dependance graph along the optimal direction. Since the candidate blocks in the search range are overlapped with columns as well as rows, the processing elements of the VLSI array are designed to reuse the overlapped data. As the results, the number of data inputs is reduced so that the processing performance is improved. The proposed VLSI array has (N$^2$+1)${\times}$(2p+1) processing elements and (N+2p) input ports where N is the block size and p is the maximum search range. The computation time of the rat reference block is (N$^2$+2(p+1)N+6p), and the block pipeline period is (3N+4p-1).

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.145-150
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• 2001

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the newly designed Niti-S stent in the management of iliac arterial stenoses and occlusions. Materials and Methods: Stenoses (n=25) or occlusions (n=5) in the iliac arteries of 25 patients (30 limbs) were treated. The site of the lesions was the common (n=15) or external (n=11) iliac artery, or both (n=4). Eight limbs were treated for diffuse disease, six for highly eccentric lesion, five for occlusive lesion, and 11 for failed angioplasty. Results: In all patients, technical success was achieved without major complications. One death, not procedure-related, occurred within 30 days. Ankle-brachial indexes improved from 0.63 0.30 to 0.99 0.21, and ischemic symptoms showed improvement in 22 patients (88%). Fontaine classifications before stenting, namely IIa(n=3), IIb(n=16), III(n=2), and IV(n=4) improved to I(n=17), IIa(n=5), and IV(n=3). Follow-up over a 27 (mean, 19.8 8)-month period showed that cumulative patency rates were 95.8% at 1 year and 86.2% at 2 and 3 years. No significant decrease in the mean ankle-brachial index was observed. Conclusion: The Niti-S stent appears to be a safe and effective device for the treatment of iliac stenoses and occlusions. These preliminary results require confirmation with a larger series.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2009

In this paper, we report on the growth and optical characteristics of white-LED without fluorescent material. The growth of DH(double heterostructure) with AlGaN active layer was performed on a n-GaN/(0001) $Al_{2}O_{3}$ by the mixed-source HVPE and multi-sliding boat. The CRI(color rendering index) of packaging device charged in the range 72-93 with CIE chromaticity coordinates(x=$0.26{\sim}0.34$, y=$0.31{\sim}0.40$). And CCT(correlated color temperature) values was measured $5126{\sim}10406K$ with increasing injection current. The CIE point of conventional phosphor white LED shifts blue region, but cm point of non-phosphor white LED shifts opposite direction. These results show the mixed-source HVPE can be possible to newly fabricate method of phosphor free white LED with high CRI value.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.955-970
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this observational study was to identify and analyze the patterns to compare the characteristics of asthma patients. Methods: The subjects were 40 asthma patients who had satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were divided into deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome groups, and cold syndrome and heat syndrome groups. Their quality of life was measured by the quality of life questionnaire for adult Korean asthmatics (QLQAKA) and VAS. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured, and the degree of obesity was evaluated by body mass index (BMI). Hematological, biochemical, and immunoglobulin (Ig) E laboratory tests were included. Results: Based on pattern identification, the 40 asthma patients could be divided into two categories of groups: 1) the deficiency syndrome (N=18) and the excess syndrome (N=22) groups: 2) the cold syndrome (N=35) and the heat syndrome (N=5) groups. The mean value of HF differed significantly between the deficiency and excess syndrome groups. The mean value of IgE in blood tests of asthmatics was greater than four times the reference value. For BMI, the subjects were classified into three groups: normal weight (N=12), overweight (N=12), and obese (N=16). Conclusions: Development of a more accurate asthma-specific pattern identification tool could play a crucial role in asthma control. In addition, good control of asthma can improve the quality of life. Obesity is one of the factors associated with asthma exacerbation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.796-806
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• 2015

To evaluate the effects of feeding linseed oil or/and sunflower oil mixed with fish oil on milk yield, milk composition and fatty acid (FA) profiles of dairy cows fed a high-concentrate diet, 24 crossbred primiparous lactating dairy cows in early lactation were assigned to a completely randomized design experiment. All cows were fed a high-concentrate basal diet and 0.38 kg dry matter (DM) molasses per day. Treatments were composed of a basal diet without oil supplement (Control), or diets of (DM basis) 3% linseed and fish oils (1:1, w/w, LSO-FO), or 3% sunflower and fish oils (1:1, w/w, SFO-FO), or 3% mixture (1:1:1, w/w) of linseed, sunflower, and fish oils (MIX-O). The animals fed SFO-FO had a 13.12% decrease in total dry matter intake compared with the control diet (p<0.05). No significant change was detected for milk yield; however, the animals fed the diet supplemented with SFO-FO showed a depressed milk fat yield and concentration by 35.42% and 27.20%, respectively, compared to those fed the control diet (p<0.05). Milk c9, t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) proportion increased by 198.11% in the LSO-FO group relative to the control group (p<0.01). Milk C18:3n-3 (ALA) proportion was enhanced by 227.27% supplementing with LSO-FO relative to the control group (p<0.01). The proportions of milk docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were significantly increased (p<0.01) in the cows fed LSO-FO (0.38%) and MIX-O (0.23%) compared to the control group (0.01%). Dietary inclusion of LSO-FO mainly increased milk c9, t11-CLA, ALA, DHA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), whereas feeding MIX-O improved preformed FA and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). While the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio was found in the LSO-FO, the decreased atherogenecity index (AI) and thrombogenicity index (TI) seemed to be more extent in the MIX-O. Therefore, to maximize milk c9, t11-CLA, ALA, DHA, and n-3 PUFA and to minimize milk n-6/n-3 ratio, AI and TI, an ideal supplement would appear to be either LSO-FO or MIX-O.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.271-275
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• 2008

Omija (Schizandra chinensis Baillon) has five lignans such as schizandrin, gomisin A, gomisin N, gomisin C and schizandrin C. Its major constituent, schizandrin, has a deterrent effect on nephrotoxicity of cisplatin, blood sugar and an ulcer of the stomach. In this study, we have investigated optimized extraction condition to make high functional beverage by quantifying schizandrin and measuring of browning index. Browning index was used as an index of color deterioration of anthocyanin. Browning index was decreased according to increment in extraction temperature and ethanol concentration. The optimum extraction time, extraction temperature and alcohol concentration levels were 3 hrs, $46^{\circ}C$ and 24% alcohol for high schizandrin concentration and desired browing index.