• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

It is suggested that evaluation of diet quality may be a great indicator of nutritional assessment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of children and adolescents based on nutrient and food group intake and Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). This survey was conducted through questionnaires and diet record survey to 477 students (elementary school students; n = 131, middle school students; n = 136, and high school students; n = 210). The results showed that high school students were significantly more often to skip breakfast compared with the other groups. The middle and high school students consumed significantly higher intakes of food and energy compared to the elementary school students. Also the number of nutrients in Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) < 1.0 of high school students were significantly higher than that of elementary and middle school students. The Korean's dietary diversity score (KDDS) of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 4.1, 4.4 and 4.3 respectively. The average DQI-I of elementary school, middle school and high school students were 66.7, 65.5, and 63.7, respectively and there was significant difference. Also, middle school students showed to have higher score in variety and adequacy category compared with the other groups, and elementary school students appeared to have higher score in moderation category. In conclusion, high school students appeared to have unhealthy dietary habits in terms of high frequency of skipping breakfast and lower INQ and DQI-I score compared to the elementary school and middle school students. Therefore, the proper dietary management should be needed for high school students.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

This research analyzed the hematological index and health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and exercise, by classifying 539 middle-aged men (age: 40 - 59) into a normal weight group, an overweight group and an obese group, according to BMI (body mass index). As a result, 33.6% (n = 181) of subjects had a BMI of 23 or less and 30.2% (n = 163) were overweight and 36.2% (n = 195) were obese (BMI > 25). The average systolic/diastolic blood pressures of total subjects were 130.96mmHg and 80.38mmHg, respectively. And the average pressure of normal subjects was 126.85/77.57mmHg, which was significantly lower than in overweight and obese subjects. Diastolic blood pressure shows significant differences among the three groups. The overall average cholesterol level of normal subjects was 193.81mg/dl, which was significantly lower than those in overweight subjects. Those in obese subjects were significantly higher than in overweight subjects. The GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyrutic transaminase), ${\gamma}$-GTP (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) levels of obese subjects were significantly higher than in the overweight subjects. Frequency of alcohol drinking showed no significant difference among the groups. The smoking ratio in the obese group was higher than in the normal and overweight groups. The ratio of smokers was 53.1 %, and the alcohol drinking ratio was 81.0% of the total subjects. The frequency of drinking showed significant correlations with systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressures (p < 0.01) and ${\gamma}$-GTP (p < 0.01). The duration of smoking showed a negative correlation (p < 0.01) with diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and ${\gamma}$-GTP. On the other hand, exercising frequency showed negative correlations with blood glucose, ${\gamma}$-GTP and GPT(p < 0.01). These hematological indices were correlated with health related habits such as alcohol drinking, smoking and lack of exercise, and to be the cause of chronic diseases. Therefore, proper nutritional education is needed to establish advisable health related habits to maintain proper body weight. (J Community Nutrition 8(2): 63-68, 2006)

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.364-371
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• 2020

질병관리본부에서는 매개체로 인한 전파 확산에 대처하고자 전국 권역별 기후변화 매개체 감시사업을 실시하고 있으며 일환으로 전북 진안지역의 쯔쯔가무시 매개체인 털진드기 분포 조사와 병원체 검사를 위해 채집기와 야생설치류 포획을 실시하였다. 털진드기 종 분류를 위해 9~12월 둘째주까지 매주 1회씩, 총 20개의 채집기를 이용하여 채집한 결과 총 개체수는 8종 611마리가 채집되었다. 종 분류 결과는 둥근혀털진드기(N. tamiyai) 434마리(71.0%)로 가장 많이 분리되었다. 야생설치류 포획으로 털진드기 채집은 66마리의 설치류를 포획해서 털진드기 총 3,050마리 채집되어 chigger index는 46.2로 나타났다. 월별 chigger index는 11월 206.1로 가장 높았다. 병원체 보유여부 검사결과 총 85개의 pools중 5월과 9월에 각각 1개의 pools에서 양성을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 쯔쯔가무시증 환자가 빈번히 발생하는 봄과 가을철의 시기와도 일치하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.212-217
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• 2022

Purpose: This study sought to investigate the effects of visual cue deprivation balance training by applying head control feedback to the balance function and the fall index in older people. Methods: The study was conducted on 26 older people at the S Hospital in Gyeongsansi. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental groupI (EGI, n=9), the experimental groupII (EGII, n=9), and the control group (CG, n=8). The three groups were trained for 30 minutes three times a week for four weeks. To assess the patients' static balance function, their limits of stability (LOS) was measured using the BioRescue system, (RM Ingenierie, France), composed of a pressure platform that can measure force in diverse ways, a computer, and a monitor. The dynamic balance function was measured using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Also, the fall index was measured to evaluate the risk of falling. A paired t-test was performed to compare pre- and post-training performance within the groups. One-way ANOVA was performed for comparing the three groups. A post hoc least significant difference (LSD) test was also performed. Results: The results of the LOS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI and EGII groups (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). The results of the BBS showed a significant difference after training in the EGI group (p<0.05). As a result of the difference between the three groups, there was a significant difference after training (p<0.05). Conclusion: Visual cue deprivation balance training applying head control feedback is effective in improving the dynamic balance function in older people. It is also necessary to constantly maintain the head orientation by feedback and to properly control the head movement.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.135-143
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate polysomnographic and cephalometric characteristics of patients with OSA according to obesity level based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Asian-Pacific BMI criteria. Methods: One hundred and thirty-one consecutive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) were evaluated using standard level 1 polysomnography and cephalometric analyses. The subjects were categorized into normal, overweight and obese groups according to the WHO Asian-Pacific BMI criteria. Respiratory indices and cephalometric parameters were compared among groups. Results: The 131 patients consisted of 111 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 44.1±12.4 years. The mean value of BMI was 25.3±3.4 kg/m² for all subjects, 20.6±2.2 kg/m² for normal (n=27), 24.0±0.5 kg/m² for overweight (n=33) and 27.6±2.2 kg/m² for obese (n=71). The obese group had a significantly higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and respiratory arousal index and lower oxygen saturation level than the normal group (p<0.05). Total AHI, mean oxygen saturation level and respiratory arousal index were significantly correlated with BMI (p<0.001). A longer soft palate and anterior position of the hyoid bone were significantly correlated with BMI level (p ≤0.05). Conclusions: Obese patients have a higher risk of compromised craniofacial skeletal features and soft tissue structures, and severe OSA than non-obese patients.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2012

Man-made reservoirs over 95% in Korea are shallower than 10 meters in depth, which is apt to cause eutrophication. This study has characterized long-term trends in water quality factors for the selected six reservoir points in the Kum River watersheds, and then estimated the seasonal trophic state index for each reservoir. The reservoir trophic state was evaluated at four trophic levels using the Korean trophic state index, TSIKO. It is observed from seasonal results for six reservoirs that the highest value of the trophic state index is estimated in summer while the trophic state index value is low in spring and winter seasons. Especially, the Boryeong Lake has a relatively lower trophic state index since this reservoir has been managed properly for water withdrawal and irrigation. It is expected that the seasonal trophic state index resulted from this study can contribute toward long-term water quality improvement plans for reservoirs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1981

The author had selected the roots and root-canal as measurable parts and sought the area ratio by measuring the respective areas of the root. Further, heplotted out a root caual index and studied the correlation with age. The teeth used as reserch material were permanent maxillary central incisors of Korean female. Some 296 teeth of known age were selected on condition that there is no caries or filling material and that they were not malformed in showing normal signs in roentgenograms. The $3" {\times} 4"$ printing paper so as to measure easily. On the ocassion of measureing the area of measured parts with a planimeter (Koizumi, type kp-27, Japan), the cervical lines were joined up into a straight line on a photograph (Figure 1) Root canal index = Area of the root / Area of the root canal The results of the root canal index in Korean female age groups were as follows : 1. The root canal index of maxilary central incisor in women was 4.74 im 20 years of age, 5.44 in 30, 5.90 in 40, 6.32 in 50, 6.63 in 60 in the order. 2. Root canal index and age were in positive correlation ; there was a tendency that the root canal index increase as age advances. 3. The regression equation was as follows : Y = 5.36x + 7.71 (r = 0.54, n= 296 ) (Y = estimated age, x = root canal index)

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.138-149
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to evaluate Suwon stream naturalness Index(S.N.I). and tofind out stats, problems and opportunities of the Suwon stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. the purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Suwon stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and 3.3 of assessment index and mode were 3rd grade respectively. stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section accounted for 3.7in average to be 4th grade, lateral section did 3.8 to be 4th grade, and water environment did 2.4 to be 2nd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Suwon stream.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.15-26
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• 2009

Given an n-length text T over a $\sigma$-size alphabet, we present a compressed representation of T which supports retrieving queries of rank/select/access and updating queries of insert/delete. For a measure of compression, we use the empirical entropy H(T), which defines a lower bound nH(T) bits for any algorithm to compress T of n log $\sigma$ bits. Our representation takes this entropy bound of T, i.e., nH(T) $\leq$ n log $\sigma$ bits, and an additional bits less than the text size, i.e., o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits. In compressed space of nH(T) + o(n log $\sigma$) + O(n) bits, our representation supports O(log n) time queries for a log n-size alphabet and its extension provides O(($1+\frac{{\log}\;{\sigma}}{{\log}\;{\log}\;n}$) log n) time queries for a $\sigma$-size alphabet.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of women's body somatotypes by direct measurements. Through the classification of degree of obesity and silhouette, women in their 20s who have a great interest in body somatotype can grasp their real somatotype and recognize their obesity rate and silhouette easily. The results are as follows: 1. Average sizes of subjects for this study were: height 160.3cm, weight 52.2kg, bust 83.7cm, waist 65.7cm, hips 91.1cm. And average values of each body mass index were: BMI 20.3, Rohrer Index 1.27, Vervaeck Index 84.8. 2. For the BMI value, the Average Numeric Index of normal somatotype was the highest, 76.9%. The Rohrer Index of underweight somatotype was 34.3% and the Average Numeric Index was 1.12. In the Vervaeck Index, underweight somatotype was 35.7%, and the average Numeric Index was 79.1, while the overweight somatotype was 7.4% of the Vervaeck Index and 100.8 of the Average Numeric Index. So the index which had the largest range of normal values from the same subjects, was the BMI, then the Rohrer Index, and finally, the Vervaeck Index in that order. 3. In the result of sorting bodies with silhouettes, when drop value were used to sort, N type (normal somatotype) was 69.4%, H type (one has similar sizes in waist size and hips) was 20.4% and A type (one has big hips) was 10.2% in that order. Among people in their early 20s, A type was 12.1%. H type was high, 22.8%, among women in their late 20s. When Sinozaki's method of classifying body types was used, ideal somatotype was 86.6%, A type was 7.4%, I type was 5.6% and X type was 0.5%. Women in their late 20s showed higher rates of ideal somatotype, the rates of A type and I type were lower than women in their early 20s.