• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2014

Larynx plays an important role in phonation and protection of the respiratory tract during swallowing. The reduced anatomical and physiological function in elevation of larynx and glottis closure can cause problems in voice and swallowing. The present study investigated the Korean version of handicap index of dysphagia in elderly Koreans. Therefore, 60 normal elderly Koreans ranged from 65 to 95 and 20 normal Korean young adults aged from 20 to 25 were participated in this study to compare total (T), physical (P), functional (F), and emotional (E) index scores between two groups as well as among sub groups (60s, 70s, 80s) in elderly. For swallowing, total and sub dysphagia handicap index (DHI) scores, voice quality during /a/phonation following swallowing (saliva and water), intensity of coughing, and L-DDK were measured. The results showed that functional (P), physical (P), emotional (E) scores as well as total (T) score were significantly different between young adults and old adults in DHI(p<.05). Additionally, there was a negative correlation between total DHI score and intensity of coughing (r=-.51) as well as L-DDK (r=-.70). These findings suggest that a slow rate in vocal fold adduction and reduced intensity of coughing in the elderly affect swallowing function. Thus, recently translated Korean version of DHI may be useful as supplement in evaluating the swallowing problems in elderly people.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.423-427
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• 2012

Purpose: The cerebellum is a region of brain structure that plays an important role in calibrating two different information of neural signal from descending motor commands and from ascending sensory inputs. Damage of the cerebellum shows a variety of classic motor symptoms such as postural and locomotor dysfunctions. Therefore, we tried to investigate motor function and skill in stroke patients with cerebellar lesions in sub-acute stage, and compare with these functions of patients with non-cerebellar lesions. Methods: Total twelve stroke patients with cerebellar lesion and 130 stroke patients with non-cerebellar lesions were retrospectively recruited in this study. For evaluation of motor strength, Motricity index (MI) for upper and lower limbs was tested. For measurement of motor skill function, the modified Brunnstrom classification (MBC), Manual function test (MFT), functional ambulatory category (FAC), and Barthel index were adopted. Results: In comparison of motor strength and motor skill function between two groups, statistical differences between the two groups were significantly observed only in upper MI and FAC. Although no significant differences were found in other variables, stroke patients with cerebellar lesion had higher scores in lower and total MI, MBC, and MFT, whereas they had lower scores in FAC and Barthel index. Conclusion: Our results showed that stroke patients with cerebellar lesion had greater impact on movement functions related to hand motor and walking ability in activities of daily life, compared with patients with non-cerebellar lesion, in spite of similar degree of motor function and skill between the two different lesioned-groups.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.974-983
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• 2017

In this paper, we have discussed the search function that can be embedded and used on Android-based applications. We used BM25 to suppress insignificant and too frequent words such as postpositions, Pivoted Length Normalization technique used to resolve the search priority problem related to each item's length, and Rocchio's method to pull items inferred to be related to the query closer to the query vector on Vector Space Model to support implicit feedback function. The index operation is divided into two methods; simple index to support offline operation and complex index for online operation. The implementation uses query inference function to guess user's future input by collating given present input with indexed data and with it the function is able to handle and correct user's error. Thus the implementation could be easily adopted into smartphone applications to improve their search functions.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Purpose : To verify the interrater reliability of upper extremity function assessment among three tools(Wolf motor function test, Motor assessment scale, Fugl-meyer assessment scale). Methods : The subjects of this study 40 (20 was physical therapists and 20 was physical therapy students). For the test one patients with chronic hemiparesis after stroke participated in the study. The Wolf Motor Function Test consists of 16 functional tasks. The motor assessment scale consists of 3 functional tasks. The fugl-meyer assessment scale consists of 8 functional tasks. All test sessions were videotaped and scored by 40 subjects. Analysis : The data was analysis by SPSS PC 14.0 with Cronbach alpha Coefficients, intraclass Correlation Coefficients Kendall tau-b value. Results : WMFT was highly scored in Cronbach's value, Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.819$ that means high interrater reliability among assessment. WMFT was highly scored all items in p-value except one item, that means high p-value between therapists and students. WMFT was highly scored in Intrarater correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.79, that means high interrater reliability of each examination item. WMFT was low index of coincidence from all items, MAS was low index of coincidence from a tim and FMA was low index of coincidence from 4 items. Conclusion : The interrater reliability of WMFT were compared with MAS, FMA and highly verified. WMFT can be more useful tool among upper extremity function assessment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2008

Objectives : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) has been used for many years as a treatment for sciatica in oriental medicine. And electrical acupuncture also has been used as a treatment for sciatica in recent study. By the way, it is hard to find the study that apply two treatments in the same time. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve in the same time. Methods : This study was designed with 4 subgroups to evaluate the effects of Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture on nerve regeneration. As control groups, group I has not been treated during 3 weeks after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Group II has been treated Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san), Group III has been treated electrical acupuncture, and Group IV has been treated both during 3 weeks. This study has been estimated sciatic function index and change of GAP-43 immunoreactivity about sciatic nerve regeneration. Results : 1. The test for nerve regeneration had significantly good result of sciatic function index in the experimental groups as compared with control groups(p<.05). Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of sciatic function index. 2. GAP-43, the marker of nerve regeneration, more increased in the experimental groups as compared with control groups. Especially, Group IV has the greatest result of GAP-43. Conclusions : Ohyaksungi-san(Wuyaoshunqi-san) and electrical acupuncture have good effects on nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve.

• Journal of Bone Metabolism
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.219-226
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• 2018

Background: Although studies and interest in sarcopenia have increased, it is still a matter of debate which muscle mass index better represents the aging process. We compared 3 indices for muscle mass (appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASM]/weight, $ASM/height^2$, and the body mass index [BMI]-adjusted muscle mass index [ASM/BMI]) to determine which better reflected the aging process in terms of the decline in bone mineral density (BMD), visual acuity (VA), hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the Korean population. Between 2008 and 2011, a total of 14,415 men and 17,971 women aged 10 years or older participated in the study. We plotted the changes in the 3 indices of muscle mass and compared these with changes in BMD, VA, hearing power, renal function, pulmonary function, and handgrip strength according to each age group. Results: The ASM/BMI showed similar changes in terms of surrogate markers of the aging process, while the ASM/weight and $ASM/height^2$ showed no correlation. Conclusions: Among muscle indices for sarcopenia, only the ASM/BMI represented the aging process.

• Journal of Society of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reminiscence therapy using mind map to improve cognitive function, depression index, quality of life for old woman with dementia. Method : The study were 14 patients who were diagnosed with a woman suspected of dementia. They were randomly assigned to Study group(N=7) and control group(N=7). All patients received only to Study groups. reminiscence therapy using mind map was composed to 10 sessions, 40 minutes per sessions, 2 times a week, for 5 weeks. For result analysis, descriptive statistic, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. The evaluation tools were Mini-Mental State Examination Korean Version (MMSE-K), Korean Version of Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF). Result : There was a significant difference in cognitive function, depression index, and quality of life in the within group after intervention, and there was a significant difference in cognitive function in the between group comparison. Conclusion : According to the results of study, an easing effect was confirmed regarding reminiscence therapy using mind map for an old woman with dementia. using reminiscence therapy using mind map when applied to the improvement of cognitive function, depression index, quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate correlation with self-care behaviors and physiological index according to cognitive function of hemodialysis patients. The data were collected from 108 patients on hemodialysis in university hospital. The period of data collection was from January 4 to January 31, 2010. The instruments of research were MMSE, Self-care behavior scale for hemodialysis patients. The 17.6% of patients showed the cognitive disorder. Self-care behaviors of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly higher than dysfunction group. Creatinine and parathyroid hormone of patients showed that normal cognitive function group was significantly lower than dysfunction group. The cognitive function of patients showed positive correlations with self-care behavior(r=.283, p=.003) and Kt/V(r=.214. p=.026), showed significant negative correlations with phosphorus(r=-.223, p=.020) and creatinine(r=-.318, p=.001). The results of this study can be used to develop nursing education program to improve self-care behaviors according to cognitive function of hemodialysis patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.3
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• pp.539-551
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• 1996

In this study, a number of distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level which incorporate the tree sizes and distances to competitors, and traditional stand-level density measures were estimated from the data compiled with position-dependent survey in a Pinus densiflora stand. The performance of the estimated competition indices was examined by comparing the relationship with the diameter growth, and a dbh growth function, in which the competition index is considered as a one of influence factors, are developed. In the searching method of competing trees, the competition index estimated with $30^{\circ}$ competition interrupting angle showed the highest correlation with the annual dbh growth, while the expanding the competing zone distance had no significant effect on the performance of competition index in estimating annual dbh growth. The most of the examined stand-level competition indices, based on distance-dependent single-tree competition indices, were evaluated to describe similarly the stand competition status. As a result of partial correlation analysis in which the effect of age and site index are eliminated, Alemdag's mean competition index and relative spacing index were determined to have the highest correlation with dbh. The relative spacing index, which can be easily measured in field without measuring the position of individual trees, was considered to be a better suited one for estimating mean dbh of a stand. Among distance-dependent competition indices on tree-level, Hegyi's competition index showed the best performance in their correlation with annual dbh growth, if eliminated the effect of site index and dbh. This enabled to derive the following annual dbh growth function of individual trees which incorporate age, dominant height, dbh and Hegyi's competition index as influence factors : $$dbh^{\prime}=3.975362676{\cdot}age^{-1.099274613}{\cdot}ho^{0.199893990}{\cdot}dbh^{0.269430865}{\cdot}HgCI^{-0.353643587}$$ This function is coincided to the growth principle in which site index has a positive effect on the annual dbh growth, while high age or competition causes to reduce the annual dbh growth, and can be used as a function in single tree growth model.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.875-890
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• 2016

A new structural damage index for seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete columns is developed based on a local tensile damage variable of the Lee and Fenves plastic-damage model. The proposed damage index is formulated from the nonlinear regression of experimental column test data. In contrast to the response-based damage index, the proposed damage index is well-defined in the form of a single monotonically-increasing function of the volume weighted average of local damage distribution, and provides the necessary computability and objectivity. It is shown that the present damage index can be appropriately zoned to be used in seismic fragility analysis. An application example in the computational seismic fragility evaluation of reinforced concrete columns validates the effectiveness of the proposed damage index.