• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2019

본 연구는 모듈형 로봇 프로그래밍 교육이 중학교 정보교과 학습동기에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 한다. 이를 위하여 실험집단 25명, 통제집단 25명을 대상으로 실험을 하였으며 연구도구로 모듈형 로봇 프로그래밍 교육, 학습동기 검사지를 사용하였다. 학습동기 검사지의 결과를 독립표본 t-검정과 대응표본 t-검정으로 자료를 처리한 결과, 실험집단은 통제집단 보다 학습동기가 9.36점 높았고, 실험집단 내에서도 사후검사가 사전검사보다 15.44점 높았다. 특히 정보교과 학습동기의 모든 하위요소 향상에 유의미한 영향을 주며, 그 중 주의집중, 관련성, 만족감 요소 향상에 큰 영향을 주었다. 결론적으로 모듈형 로봇 프로그래밍 교육이 학생들의 정보교과 학습동기 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.830-839
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 스포츠스폰서십 기업의 제품을 고관여 제품과 저관여 제품을 구분하여, 연구대상의 특성에 따른 스포츠스폰서십 인지의 광고효과를 분석하고자 한다. 선정된 모집단을 대상으로 총 450명을 표본대상으로 하여 설문지를 배부하였다. 회수된 438부의 설문지 중 불성실하게 응답했다고 판단되는 12부의 설문자료가 제외되었으며, 총 426부의 최종 유효 표본 자료가 실제 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 PASW 19.0을 활용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석, 탐색적요인분석, 일원분산분석, t-test를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 모든 통계치의 유의수준을 .05로 설정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 성별에 따른 저관여 제품 및 고관여 제품 브랜드 효과 차이분석 결과 저관여 제품 및 고관여 제품 스폰서효과의 모든 하위변수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 학력에 따른 저관여 지각된 품질, 저관여 스폰서 친숙 이미지 차이를 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 셋째, 저관여 지각된 품질과 고관여 지각된 품질 차이 분석결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다. 또한, 저관여 스폰서 친숙 이미지와 고관여 스폰서 이미지 차이 분석결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내고 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

The purposes of the present study were to determine the difference of functional outcome, and to identify factors associated with functional difference in patients with stroke. The sample consisted of 56 stroke patients who had received physical therapy at the physical therapy unit of the Dongeui Medical Center in Busan city between January 2000 and June 2002. Stroke patients were evaluated by physical therapists 3 times; The first day in physical therapy (PT) (T1), one month after the first day in PT (T2), and two months after the first day in PT (T3). Functional status was assessed with the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) instrument, a validated instrument for documenting the severity of disability and assessing the outcome of rehabilitation treatment. Functional gain was calculated over T2-T1, T3-T1, and T3-T2. SAS statistical software was used for the analysis. The Student's t-test, paired t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA/Tukey and Scheffe), and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to examine the functional difference in variables. Repeated measures ANOVA was also used to analyze the functional difference by time (T1, T2, and T3). Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effects of independent variables on the difference of functional outcome as defined by the FIM score. A total of 56 stroke patients were evaluated, their average age${\pm}$standard deviation was $61.6{\pm}9.3$ years (range: 40~81 yr). The functional status of patients who received physical therapy for about 2~3 months was significantly improved (mean FIM scores, $20.5{\pm}1.8$, $28.9{\pm}1.9$, and $8.41{\pm}1.1$ points for each time period, respectively) (p<.0001). Diabetes was significantly associated with the FIM score for T2-T1 (p<.05). The type of diagnosis was significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T1 (p<.05). Gender, smoking, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with the FIM score for T3-T2 (p<.05). In conclusion, gender, smoking, diabetes, the type of diagnosis, and the FIM score on admission were significantly associated with improved FIM scores. We recommend that further research should explore the functional outcome by using larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods, and more sensitive assessment instruments.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2020

본 연구는 오타고 운동프로그램이 낙상 경험 노인의 신체기능 및 낙상 위험도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 낙상을 1회 이상 경험한 노인 36명을 대상으로 각각 오타고 운동프로그램 집단(실험군)과 일반적인 균형훈련집단(대조군)으로 무작위 분류하였다. 각 집단은 30분씩 주 3회, 총 8주 동안 운동을 실시하였다. 낙상의 위험성을 평가하기 위해 Tetrax를 사용하여 측정하였다. 또한, 신체기능의 측정을 위해 정적균형은 Biorescue, 동적균형은 TUG, 보행능력은 10MWT, 하지근력은 FTSST를 이용하여 측정하였다. 각 그룹 내 운동 전·후 차이를 검증하기 위하여 대응표본 t-검정(Paired T-test)을 실시하였고, 그룹 간의 비교를 위하여 독립표본 t-검정(Independent Sample T-test)을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 실험군, 대조군 모두 정적균형능력 및 동적균형능력은 운동 후 유의하게 증가하였으며, 낙상의 위험성은 감소하였다(p<.05). 하지근력 및 보행능력은 실험군에서만 운동 후 유의하게 증가하였다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과를 종합해보면, 오타고 운동프로그램은 낙상 경험 노인의 신체기능 증진 및 낙상의 위험성이 감소에 효과적이라는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of subjective xerostomia and salivary pH in salivary glands stimulated by laughter therapy in frail elderly women. Methods: The research used a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data were collected from July 2, 2015 to September 30, 2015. A sample of 41 frail female elderly patients was recruited at A Nursing Home in K City, Korea. We measured xerostomia and salivary pH using a questionnaire and BCP test paper (pH 5.6~7.2). Laughter therapy was given once a week for four weeks (3 items). Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, paired t-test and Cronbach's using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: There were significant differences in salivary pH according to oral health (t=-2.06, p<.05). There were significant differences in xerostomia (t=4.41, p<.001) and salivary pH (t=-7.94, p<.001) after salivary glands stimulated by laughter therapy. Conclusion: Salivary glands stimulated by laughter therapy improved xerostomia and salivary pH of the frail elderly. Therefore, salivary glands stimulated by laughter therapy may be useful in promoting and maintaining oral health among the frail elderly in the rapidly increasing population of old people.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 2009

Objectives: This study examined clinical characteristics associated with bullying in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods.: Children and their parents were asked to fill out a structured self-report form regarding bullying incidents. To evaluate the characteristics of the children, the results of the ADHD Rating Scale, the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist, the ADHD Diagnostic system and the Emotional Recognition Test were used. The agreement of bullying data between each child and their mother and father was measured using Cohen's kappa. The association between victim and perpetrator was analyzed by calculating a contingency coefficient based on chi-square. To compare the characteristics of victimized children and didn't, an independent sample T-test was performed. Results: When children were victims of bullying incidents there was significant agreement between children and parents on the information provided on the self-reports. However, more children reported themselves as a perpetrator of bullying than their parents did. Victimization, that is, the tendency towards being a perpetrator, is associated with the higher level of parental reports of aggressiveness. Conclusion: Victimization of bullying is associated with aggression in children with ADHD. This study suggests that victimized children with ADHD warrant careful evaluation, in particular with regard to the credence placed on parental reports of aggressiveness, and management for aggression.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2023

Background: This study examined the effects of the bridge exercise with trunk rotation on the thickness of body trunk muscles, including external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis in healthy male adults. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: Twenty-four men were evenly divided into a trunk rotation bridge exercise group and a basic bridge exercise group by drawing lots. The two groups performed the respective exercise for thirty minutes, three times a week for six weeks. repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used after distinguishing between three different time points before the experiment, three weeks after the experiment, and six weeks after the experiment. The significance level was set at 0.05. In case an interaction between time and group existed, the paired t-test was used to examine the within-group difference. The independent-sample t-test was used to check the between-group difference. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: All the men showed a significant change over time in their external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles. An interaction between time and group was also found (p<0.05). Conclusion: The bridge exercise with trunk rotation causes a meaningful difference in the thickness of external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles. Therefore, this study proposes the use of this exercise for lower-back stabilization in future research and clinical settings.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of peer scaffolding on the writing fluency of English language learners. This study was intended to confirm that peer scaffolding in English as a foreign language (EFL) writing classes can improve students' English proficiency. An analysis of 20 EFL learners studying at a university in Gyeonggi Province was conducted based on the English Proficiency Test. In this study, 20 intermediate learners with similar proficiency levels were included in the sample. Randomly, 10 students were designated as members of the control group, and 10 students were designated as members of the experimental group. In the experimental group, students practiced essay writing, while a skilled student provided scaffolding for a less skilled student. A variety of tools were used to gather data, including tests, questionnaires, and interviews Statistical analyses of quantitative data were conducted using t-tests for independent samples, whereas analyses of qualitative data were conducted based on themes. Pre-test results indicated a significant value of sig. =0.87, which was higher than α = 0.05. According to the results of this study, the writing performance of both experimental and control groups of students was equal and homogeneous prior to treatment. However, there were significant differences between the writing of students in the two groups after the completion of the program. Due to the post-test analysis of the writing test, the test resulted in a sig. =0 .043, a value lower than α = 0.05. As a result, the experimental group participants showed a marked improvement in their writing abilities after treatment.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.218-225
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• 2017

Effects on skin caused by the dose from linear accelerator (LINAC) opposing portal irradiation and TomoDirect 3-D modeling treatment according to the radiation devices and treatment methods were measured, and a comparative analysis was performed. Two groups of 10 patients each were created and measurements were carried out using an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter. These patients were already receiving radiation treatment in the hospital. Using the SPSS statistical program, the minimum and maximum average standard deviations of the measured skin dose data were obtained. Two types of treatment method were selected as independent variables; the measured points and total average were the dependent variables. An independent sample T-test was used, and it was checked whether there was a significance probability between the two groups. The average of the measured results for the LINAC opposing portal radiation was 117.7 cGy and PDD 65.39% for the inner breast, 144.7 cGy and PDD 80.39% for the outer breast, 143.2 cGy and PDD 79.56% for the upper breast, 151.4 cGy and PDD 84.11% for the lower breast, 149.6 cGy and PDD 83.11% for the axilla, and 141.32 cGy and PDD 78.51% for the total average. In contrast, for TomoDirect 3-D conformal radiotherapy, the corresponding measurement values were 137.6 cGy and PDD 76.44%, 152.3 cGy and PDD 84.61%, 148.6 cGy and PDD 82.56%, 159.7 cGy and PDD 88.72%, and 148.6 cGy PDD 82.56%, respectively, and the total average was 149.36 cGy and PDD 82.98%. To determine if the difference between the total averages was statistically significant, the independent sample T-test of the SPSS statistical program was used, which indicated that the P-value was P=0.024, which was 0.05 lower than the significance level. Thus, it can be understood that the null hypothesis can be dismissed, and that there was a difference in the averages. In conclusion, even though the treatment dose was similar, there could be a difference in the dose entering the body surface from the radiation treatment plan; however, depending on the properties of the treatment devices, there is a difference in the dose affecting the body surface. Thus, the absorbed dose entering the body surface can be high. During breast cancer radiotherapy, radiation dermatitis occurs in almost all patients. Most patients have a difficult time while undergoing treatment, and therefore, when choosing a radiotherapy treatment method, minimizing radiation dermatitis is an important consideration.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

Background: The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods: The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results: Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.