• 제목/요약/키워드: Income level

검색결과 3,520건 처리시간 0.03초

가구주 교육수준에 따른 자녀 교육비 지출액과 지출구조 (Householder's Education Level and Education Expenditure for Children)

  • 김경자
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제25권6호
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between householder's education level and the education expenditure for children. The Family Income and Expenditure Survey data of the 2005 National Statistical Survey were used to examine the hypothesis. For data analysis, ANOVA and regression method were applied. The results are as follows: House-holds in Seoul spent 533,000 won for child education per month on the average, and 64% of the expenditure was for private education. Households whose householder's education level was high spent more expenditures on public and private education for children than the households whose householder's education level was low. When the household income level was controlled, householder's education level affected only private education expenditure.

중년기 여성의 어머니역할 수행부담과 심리적 복지 (The Mother-role Burden and Psychological well-being in Mid-life Women)

  • 진미정
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제32권5호
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    • pp.1-14
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    • 1994
  • This study was to identify variables which were related with middle aged women's identification of child mother-role burden and psychological well-being and to investigate the relationships of mother-role burden and psychological well-being in mid-life. The research data were collected from 578 who were 40-59 year old women in Seoul. The major findings were as follow; (1) the level of middle age women's identification of child was very high and the level of mother-role burden was moderate. the level of psychological well-being was slightly high. (2) Mid-life women's psychological well-being was related to education level income and job. (3) Identification of child was related to educational level having job and income. And mother-role burden was influenced only by education level. (4) Middle aged women's identification of child was positively related mother-role burden. Mother-role burden was negatively related to psychological well-being in mid-life. These findings represented middle aged mother in our society had considerable burden of child but their psychological well-being was not low. Possibly it is due to the fact mothers regard their burden of child as acceptable duty.

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의료비 지출이 소득불평등에 미치는 영향 (The Effect of Health Care Expenditure on Income Inequality)

  • 송은철;김창엽;신영전
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.36-57
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    • 2010
  • The degree of income inequality deepened by health care expenditure was useful in assessing the health security level. This exploratory study was conducted to provide a basic evidence to prove the necessity of reinforcement the benefit coverage of South Korea's health security systems. Data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey of Korea and Luxembourg Income Study were used. Income inequality indices before and after deduction of health care expenditure were computed, and the degree of the increase in the indices was compared among 13 countries. The degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was determined. The relationships between the national characteristics and the increase in income inequality were examined. In South Korea, all income inequality indices increased after deducting health care expenditure, but the difference was not high compared to the mean of 13 countries. However, the degree of decrease against the effect of income inequality reduction policies by health care expenditure was high, compared to the mean of 13 countries. The proportion of public sector spending on health care proved to be statistically significant with the increase of income inequality indices (p<0.05). In the context of the continuous increase in health care expenditure, if benefit coverage of health security systems is not reinforced, income inequality will all the more increase due to health care expenditure. In the establishment of the policies for reinforcement of the benefit coverage, income inequality after deduction of health care expenditure should be continuously monitored.

지적재산권 보호가 해외직접투자 유입에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 - 미국 다국적기업을 중심으로 - (An Empirical Study on the Effect of Protection of Property Right on Foreign Direct Investment - Focused on US. Multinational Corporations -)

  • 강석민
    • 경영과정보연구
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    • 제33권3호
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    • pp.21-33
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 최근에 해외직접투자의 결정요인으로써 간주되고 있는 투자대상국의 지적재산권 보호의 영향에 관하여 실증분석 하였다. 2000부터 2008년까지 미국의 다국적기업들을 대상으로 고정효과 모형(FEM)과 시스템 GMM을 사용하여 분석한 결과, 지적재산권 보호의 변화는 미국 다국적기업으로부터의 해외직접투자를 유입에 있어서 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 반면에, 지적재산권 보호의 정도는 유의적인 영향을 제공하지 않았다. 소득수준을 기준으로 고소득국가와 저소득국가로 나누어 실시한 추가 분석결과에서 역시 지적재산권 보호의 변화만이 저소득국가에서의 미국 다국적기업의 투자에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 패널자료의 특성상 오차항의 이분산성(heteroscedasticity)을 고려하여 전체 투자대상국을 상대로 FGLS와 PCSE 분석을 실시한 결과에서도 지적재산권 보호의 변화만이 해외직접투자의 유입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 동일한 방법으로 고소득국가와 저소득국가로 나누어 추가분석을 실시한 결과에서는, 저소득국가에서만 미국 다국적기업의 해외직접투자 유입에 유의적으로 긍정적인 영향을 제공하고 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 투자대상국의 지적재산권 보호의 수준보다는 변화가 해외직접투자의 유입에 영향을 제공하는 것으로써, 특히 저소득국가가 미국 다국적 기업의 해외직접투자를 유입하기 위하여 지적재산권 보호의 변화에 대한 중요성을 시사한다.

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부모의 경제수준에 따른 자녀의 식습관과 식품기호도에 관한 연구 (I) -서울.경기 (인천)지역을 중심으로- (A Study on the Children's Eating Habits and Food Preference according to Their Parents' Economic Status (I) - Seoul & Gyeonggi (Incheon) Area -)

  • 정혜정;엄윤호;김정윤
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.77-88
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 유아기, 학동기, 청소년기 자녀를 대상으로 부모의 경제수준에 따라 식습관과 식품기호도를 조사 비교함으로써 부모의 경제수준에 따른 자녀의 식생활 경향을 알아보고, 자녀의 균형적인 영양 공급을 위한 조리법 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 삼고자하며, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자 중 학동기 두 집단 모두 과체중 대상이며, 유아기와 청소년기 두 집단은 정상 수준이었다. 2) 아버지와 어머니의 학력은 대졸이 가장 많았으며, 모든 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 모든 연령 집단에서 아버지의 직업은 사무직이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 유아기의 경우 400만원 미만 (전문직)을 제외한 어머니 직업은 주부가 가장 높게 조사되었다. 3) 학동기는 400만원 미만 (끼니거름)을 제외한 조사대상자의 식사습관 차이는 없었으며, 선호하는 음식류에서 모든 연령층이 육류를 좋아하였으며, 야채를 가장 싫어하는 것으로 조사되었다. 모든 연령 집단에서 외식횟수는 $1{\sim}2$회가 가장 많았고, 다음은 $3{\sim}4$회로 나타났다. 4) 간식 선호도에서는 빙과류와 과일 및 주스, 과자류를 연령에 상관없이 전반적으로 좋아하며, 학동기 400만원 이상은 우유 (딸기맛, 초코맛), 햄버거, 피자에 대하여 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 5) 외식 시 가장 좋아하는 음식류는 유아기의 경우 중국식 (자장면, 탕수육), 학동기 400만원 미만 집단은 한식류(갈비, 불고기), 400만원 이상 집단은 패밀리레스토랑 (스테이크, 립), 청소년은 모두 한식류 (갈비, 불고기)를 가장 선호하였다. 6) 조리법은 유아기의 경우 구이류 (생선, 김), 학동기는 구이류 (육류), 청소년 400만원 미만은 찌개류 (김치, 된장), 400만원 이상은 구이류 (육류)를 가장 선호하였고, 학동기 집단에서 400만원 이상이 튀김류와 찜류 (갈비, 생선)을 400만원 미만 보다 더 좋아하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 부모의 경제수준에 따른 식품기호도는 선호도의 미소한 차이만 있을 뿐 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 간식류 중 선호도가 놓은 과일을 간식으로 자주 섭취하는 것은 바람직하며, 빙과류와 과자류의 섭취 횟수를 줄이기 위해 부모는 관심을 가지고 같이 참여하여야 한다. 또한 좋아하는 음식류에서 육류에 편중되는 것은 아동의 비만과 어린이 성인병을 유발시킬 수 있으므로, 싫어하는 음식에서 가장 높은 선호도를 보이는 야채류와 서류 (감자, 고구마 등)의 섭취를 증가시킬 수 있는 조리법의 개발이 필요하다. 외식 시 선호하는 음식을 선택 할 때에는 패스트푸드보다는 한식이나 건강을 위한 음식을 선택하도록 부모의 교육과 지도가 필요하며, 야채와 해조 어패류를 혼합한 음식을 개발하여 제공하는 것도 좋을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 부모의 사회 경제수준을 중심으로 자녀의 식습관과 식품 기호도에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이므로 부모의 사회경제수준을 보다 구체적으로 조사한다면, 부모의 경제수준에 맞는 자녀를 위한 식습관과 영양교육을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 도시지역을 중심으로 조사한 결과를 바탕으로 이루어졌기에 비 도시지역의 자녀의 식습관과 식품기호도를 반영하지 못하고 있다. 그러므로 앞으로는 도시지역과 비도시지역을 비교하는 조사 연구가 필요하며, 이러한 조사결과를 바탕으로 자녀의 식습관에 대한 교육을 위한 교재, 교구의 개발과 영양, 식습관 교육프로그램의 개발을 통해 가정과 학교에서 부모와 교사가 자녀의 식생활 지도 관리를 돕고 가정과 교육기관이 연계한 교육 프로그램이 활성화 될 수 있도록 지속적인 관심을 기울여 나가야 할 것이며, 이에 따른 후속 연구들이 계속적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다.

가사노동의 사회화 및 관련변인 고찰 -전문직 취업주부와 비취업주부를 중심으로- (A Study on the Socialization of Household Work and it's Related Variables -Focusing on the Employed and Unemployed Wives-)

  • 이정우
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.179-198
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    • 1992
  • The purspoe of this study is to identify the socialization level of household work of the employed and unemployed housewives and it's related variables in order to provide some fundamental information for the rational and effective performation of the household task. For the purpose of this study, 700 questionnaire were distributed to the employed and unemployed wives who lived in Seoul. The data were analyed by the Frequency distribution, Percentile, t-test, F-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The main results were as follows : (1) Socialization level of household work of the employed wives was a little below medium point. When the household work was devided into three subdomains, in the domain of food and shelter, the socialization level was far below medium point. In the domain of clothes, the socialization level was a little higher than medium point. Socialization level of household work of the unemployed wives far below average. When the household work was devided into three sudbomains, in the domain of food, clothes and shelter, the socialization level was far below average, too. Socialization level of household work was significantly different according to the employment. (2) Among the background veriables, family income, household work helper, and frequency of leisure activities have a significant influence on the socialization level of the employed wives. Duration of marriage, housewife's education level and house income have a important effect on the socialization level of the unemployed wives background. (3) Among the background variabels of household work, performing competence of household work is powerful effect on the socialization level of the employed wives. And as for the unemployed wives, performing competence of household task and recognition of the velue of household work are significant variables. (4) The psychological variable such as sex-role attitude gave no noticeable influence on the socialization level of employed and unemployed wives. (5) In conclusion, classifing the variances influencing on the socialization level of household work in a measure of respcetive effect, it appears to be performing competence of household task, frequency of leisure activities, house income, sex-role attitued and educational level in the order of their influences for the employed wives. And as for the unemployed wives, it seems to be house income, educational level, performing competence of household work and frequency of leisure activities. To the two sides, the rate of explanation is shown at 35%.

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한부모 가정의 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 (Factors That Influence the Life Satisfaction of a Single Household Head)

  • 손진분;박미려
    • 가족자원경영과 정책
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.45-65
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    • 2007
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze the life satisfaction of a single household head. This study examined the life satisfaction level of the single household head and analyzed the contributing factors. Data for this study were from the 7th KLIPS (7th Korea Labor and Income Panel Study), and the sample. consisted of 241 single household heads (including 83 male household single heads and 158 female single household heads). The statistics used for the analysis were frequencies, percentile, means, standardization, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results were as follows. First, 53% of the household heads were due to their spouses' death, 34% of the household heads were single due to divorce, and 13% were single for other reasons. The average age of a single household head was 51 years, and the average education level of a single household head was 9.7 years and 70% of the single household heads were employed. Approximately 46% of the single household heads lived in small-and medium-sized cities. Second, the level of satisfaction with income, leisure, and residence of the single household head was lower than the middle level (3.0 points), while the level of satisfaction with family relationships, relatives, and social relationships was higher than the middle level (3.0 points). Third, there were differences in the life satisfaction level of single household heads in accordance with the single household head's marriage status, residence, recognition of health status, and current financial situation. Finally, significant variables contributing to the life satisfaction level of the single household head were gender, educational level, residence, monthly total income, satisfaction level of leisure, and family relationships. The most influential variable was the residence.

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가족기업의 가계재정상태와 기업재정상태 분석 (The Financial Status of Household and Business in the Family Business)

  • 김순미;홍성희
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제38권7호
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    • pp.13-26
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study were to identify the financial status of the home based business, and to analyze the factors effected on it. The sample consisted of 713 self-employed from data of 1998 Korea Household Panel Study, and analyzed into Frequencies, Percentile, t-test, $\varkappa$$^2$-test, and Regression Analysis. The findings showed that the household income and expenditure level of female self-employed was higher than those of male self-employed. In case of financial status of business, male self-employed's net profit was higher than female's and the net profit to total sales ratio of male self-employed was greater than female's. The factors contributing to total expenditure to total income ratio were sex, educational level, future economic expectancy, residence and home ownership of self-employed, while the factor effect on total asset to total debt ratio was only total household income. The Variables of sex, educational level of self- employed, job type of home based business and the number of employees in home based business were associated with net profit to total sales ratio, age and educational level of serif-employed, and job type of home based business was related to total sales to the number of emploees ratio(labor productivity).

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A Study on the Correlation between Social Class and Life Satisfaction Perceived by the Korean Elderly

  • JUNG, Myung-Hee
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권7호
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    • pp.543-553
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of subjective class consciousness on life satisfaction. This research aimed to not only analyze the relative explanatory power, but also the influence of satisfaction of life within the socioeconomic status where the elderly consider themselves to be an integral part. The elderly's satisfaction in life was analyzed in comparison with demographic characteristics such as gender and age. The correlations of objective socioeconomic characteristics such as income level and education level were also observed. For this purpose, the Korea Labor Panel 17th data (2014) was used to conduct a one-way batch distribution analysis and a hierarchical regression analysis. It was seen that there was a correlation in the Korean elderly in terms of class consciousness and life satisfaction. The elderly with a lower subjective class consciousness showed lower life satisfaction. The relative influences were stronger than the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the elderly, and the explanatory power was much higher than the objective income levels. These results show that the subjective perception of their socioeconomic status has a significant influence on the level of life satisfaction of the Korean elderly, independent of the objective income level.

연안바다목장의 어업 인식도 및 유어낚시 수요도 조사: 통영시 비진도·용초도·죽도 사례를 중심으로 (A Survey on the Fishery Perception and Recreation Fishing Demand Level of Coastal Waters Ranch with the Case of Tongyeong City's Bijin-do Yongcho-do, Juk-do)

  • 강석규
    • 수산경영론집
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    • 제48권1호
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    • pp.73-87
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    • 2017
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the fishery perception and recreation fishing demand level of coastal waters ranch with the case in Tongyeong city's Bijin-do Yongcho-do, Juk-do. The study conducts a survey of 27 fishermen and 113 recreation fishing tourists from September 26 to November 21, 2016. The major results of this study are as follows. First, the survey of fishery perception level suggests that the increase of fishery resources by Tongyeong-si coastal waters ranch project contributes to the rising income of fishermen, decreased fishing cost, and increased the number of tourists. Second, the survey of recreation fishing tourists's demand level suggests that a beautiful view, fish populations, kindness of residents, fishing point information, charter information, and the convenience of transportation are highly praised and highly regarded. However, links to nearby tourism, lodging facilities, and food information that can increase the income of fishermen is poorly praised. Therefore, this study suggests that a careful marine policy with fishery resource creation should be followed for marine fishing village tourism consumer's benefits in order to increase fishing village's income.