• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.50-67
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• 2007

This study investigated income elasticity of household health expenditures and differences by income level from 1998 through 2003. Data from Korean Labor and Income Panel Study was used for empirical analyses. To estimate the income effects on health expenditure, the two-part model was employed: a logistic regression for any health expenditure-first part-and a Ordinary Least Square regression for health expenditure conditional on any spending-second part. To estimate income elasticity, both health expenditure and income were log transformed in the second part. In addition, the random effects(RE) model was used for a longitudinal panel which was continuously followed from 1998 through 2003 to estimate income effects on health expenditures controlling for within and between unobservable household characteristics. Furthermore, difference in income effects on health expenditure across income level was investigated. Although income slightly increased odds of any health expenditure, there was not no table differences across income level. Income significantly increased health expenditures during study period(overall income elasticity: about 0.2) and the highest 20% income group presented higher income elasticity than the lowest 20% income group.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2014

본 연구는 한국의 커피수요를 추정하고 이를 바탕으로 커피수요의 가격탄력성, 소득탄력성, 교차탄력성을 살펴보았다. 자료는 2003~2012년까지의 통계청에서 제공하는 도시가계조사 마이크로 데이터를 이용하였고 LA/AIDS모형과 SUR방법을 이용하여 커피수요를 추정하였다. 분석결과 커피의 자기가격탄력성과 소득탄력성은 각각 -0.259, 0.455추정되어 비탄력적으로 나타났고 소득 항 추정계수는 음(-)으로 나타나 필수재의 성격을 나타내고 있다. 이는 소비자물가안정정책을 수립할 때 커피도 중요한 품목으로 고려할 필요성이 제기된다. 또한 커피와 담배사이의 교차탄력성은 -0.121로 추정되어 보완관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 가구주를 기준으로 남성이 여성보다 더 많이 소비하는 것으로 나타났으며 연령별로는 50대가 가장 많이 소비하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1139-1152
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• 1997

Clothing consumption expenditure (UX) data of Korean consumers during the period of 1965 to 1993 were analyzed by time series analysis technique. According to the results of regression analysis, current income and UX of the year before showed most significant influences on the current UX. This means that the absolute and permanent income hypotheses can be accepted in case of clothing expenditures. However the effect of income decreased as the economy developed. The relative price of clothing had weak or no influence on clothing expenditures. It was also found out that CSX of the year before, the change of income, relative price of clothing ware the factors that affected clothing expenditures. From the estimation of Houthakker-Taylor state adjustment model, a negative stock coefficient was obtained. That is, clothing is subject to an inventor effect and Korean consumers regard clothing as one of the durable goods. To define whether clothing is a "luxury" or a "necessity", income and relative price elasticity of clothing expenditures were estimated. Income elasticity of clothing is slightly below 1.0 in case of national aggregate expenditures, and slightly above 1.0 in case of urban consumers' expenditures. Income elasticity has declined over time. Meanwhile the coefficient of price elasticity is not significant, indicating that the relative price of clothing have little connection with clothing expenditure.lothing expenditure.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Purpose - Considering the importance of housing needs to real estate market, domestic studies on real estate prices from the perspective of demand are basically based on macro-data, but relatively few are associated with micro-data of urban real estate demand. We try to find a reliable relation of elasticity of demand and commercial housing market. Research design, data, and methodology - In this paper, we have derived housing demand theoretic method and have utilized micro-data of residential family housing survey of downtown area in Kunming City in October, 2015 to estimate income elasticity and price elasticity of housing demand respectively and make a comparative analysis. Results - The results indicate that income elasticity and price elasticity of families with owner-occupied housing are both larger than those of families with rental housing. Income elasticity of housing demand of urban residential families in Kunming is far below the foreign average and eastern coastal cities level, however, the corresponding price elasticity is far higher. Conclusions - We suggest that housing affordability of urban families in western China are constrained by the level of economic development, and the current housing price level has exceeded the economic affordability and psychological expectation of ordinary residents. Furthermore, noticing the great rigidity of housing demand, the expansion space of housing market for improvement and for commodity is limited.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1994

This paper analysis the structure of Housing Consumption Expenditure of urban salary and wage-earners' households from 1982 to 1992 by employing Time-series. Data was based on " Annual report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" of the National Bureau of Statistic Planning Board, Republic of Korea. Percentile marginal-propensity to consume(MPC) and income elasticity of consumption expenditure are estimated by their socio-economic and demographic variables. The results are as follows: 1. The proportion of the expenditure for furniture and utensils and house mending has increased with the increase of income in urban salary and wage-earners' households, while fuel light and water charges and rents paid has decreased. 2.1) Engel Function by income group; MPC associated with rents paid and fuel light and water charges is higher in the lower income group than in the rest. The income elasticity estimates in rents paid and fuel light and water charges is less than 1 in all group while larger than 1 in furniture and utensils and house mending. 2) Engel Function by occupation of household head; The highest MPC in rents paid is associated with the sales profession. The income elasticity of fuel light and water charge is found be inelastic. The groups other than the sales group show irregular MPC. 3) Engel Function by family size; MPC in house mending and fuel light and water charge is increased while is decreased in rents paid in accordance with family size. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all groups while that of house mending and furniture and utensils is larger than 1. 4) Engel Function by age of housegold head; MPC in rents paid is decreased according to the age of housefold head. The income elasticity of rents paid and fuel light and water charge is less than 1 in all group while it is larger than 1.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.383-391
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• 2011

Traditional international trade theory assumes that import goods and domestically produced goods of the same industry are equal in quality. However the substitutability of the two goods is imperfect. This article estimated the import functions of pulp and paper using econometric and vector autoregressive models, and calculated the elasticities of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp and paper. The import of pulp is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price, domestic price and national income in vector autoregressive model. On the other hand, the import of paper is inelastic to domestic price, and elastic to import price and national income in econometric model. And it is inelastic to import price and domestic price, and elastic to national income in vector autoregressive model. The elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced pulp was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.42 and 0.20 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because of the high proportion of imports. On the other hand, the elasticity of substitution between imported and domestically produced paper was positive, and the elasticity was respectively 0.75 and 0.81 in econometric and vector autoregressive models. This may be because the quality of imported paper is different from that of domestically produced paper.

• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.65-84
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• 2010

불평등 지수의 분해란 사회 전체의 불평등을, 이에 영향을 미치는 개별원천들로 분해하여, 그 원인을 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 기존에는 개별요인들이 전체 불평등에서 정량적으로 차지하는 절대적 기여도에만 관심을 가져왔다. 그러나 불평등 완화를 위한 정책을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서는, 개별원천들이 가지고 있는 한계적인 불평등 효과를 아는 것이 더 중요할 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위하여 대표적인 불평등 지수라 할 수 있는 지니계수를 소득원천별 혹은 사회복지 프로그램별로 분해하고, 각각의 Gini Income Elasticity(GIE)를 계산하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, '상용근로자 소득'과 '고용주 및 자영자 소득'의 GIE가 각각 1.205와 1.867로, 이들의 증가는 사회 전체의 불평등을 악화시킬 수 있는 소득원천들로 분류되었다. 이러한 GIE를 이용한 분석방법은 소득원천 혹은 사회복지 프로그램들의 불평등 효과를 분석하는데 있어서 하나의 유용한 방법의 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가정과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the consumption expenditure structure for leisure & recreational service in urban households. For these purpose, the data collected 175 households in Pusan metropolitan city. Statistics employed for the analys were frequencies, means, one -way ANDVA, and multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; Average monthly expenditure for leisure, recreational service was 190,342 won. And their expenditure for leisure & recreational service share was 12.89 % of total expenditure. Those expenditure with high income elasticity were hobby & culture education, and journey. And those with low income elasticity were play & inspection, and health & sports. In leisure & recreational service expenditure, the variables which influence were job and degree of household head, and income.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국노동패널 최근 자료를 사용하여 우리나라의 세대 간 임금 소득이동성을 추정하였다. 선행연구의 짧은 패널 기간과 적은 표본 수의 문제 등을 보완하였다. 세대 간 장기임금소득탄력성은 0.3 근방으로 추정되어 문헌에서 보고된 다른 나라들의 추정치들에 비해 낮아 소득이동성이 상대적으로 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 2006년 이후 자료로 추정한 세대 간 소득이동성들의 추세가 2005년을 기준으로 한 선행연구에 비해 낮아지고 있는 것으로 나타나 최근의 글로벌 경제위기로 소득이동성이 저하되는 추세가 있을 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.21-39
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• 1989

This paper is to determine the clothing and footwear of urban household consumption expenditures and an analysis of historical data from relevant literature. Particularly, time-series and cross sectional analysis techniques are adopted in analysing the patterns of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures of urban households. Finally, this paper estimates consumption expenditures in the future by comparing these revealed data with the Korea and Japan. Annual Report on the family Income and Expenditure Survey and M.R.A. in S.P.S.S. were used. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. The proportion of the clothing and footwear expenditure has decreased with the increase of income in urban household during 1976-1987. 2.1) Household consumption function by Income group, the Lower group is higher than the other group. 2) Household consumption function by Occupation of household head. Income elasticity estimation in administrative managerial workers is higher than the other group. 3) Household consumption function by Family size. Income elasticity estimation in 6 Persons is higher than the other group. But 4 Persons is higher in 1986. 4) Household consumption function by Age of household head. Income elasticity estimation in 50 Years and over is higher than the other group. 3. Comparison of characteristics of clothing and footwear consumption expenditures in Korea and Japan were M.R.A. Generally, the priority correlation order for Korea is Outwear, Sweaters and Shirt, Other clothing. For Japan, the order is Sweaters and Shirts, Underwear, Services.