• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1996

The work-man's uniform should be coincident wit the image of his firm and accounted of the function according as its purpose. We made questions to 404 workers at 8 firm in our country through the questionnaire papers to know about a work-man's uniform and researched whether the satisfactory in wearing his uniform had relation with his type of business, grade, carrier, age, marriage, and monthly income. The results of this study is as follows; 1. In the uniform status of the fir, thee were many jumper styles in he design of the uniform. The color of that was more dark than bright and the materials of one was used much more chemical fiber than natural fiber. Each of the field office supplied the uniform to his work-man more frequently than the main office. All of firm payed off the uniform expense and decision of the uniform design was almost made both the firm and the labour union. 2. In he satisfaction of the uniform, the satisfaction of uniform was shown high in the design, color, materials, size and function. The highest dissatisfaction reason is as follows; it was disagreeable to concrete design in the design and dark color and keeping warm or draft was bad in the materials, the bust and pant's length was long in the size. 3. In preference of the uniform, the older of preference in the design was what the working environment and the image of firm was suitable, the characteristic uniform. The order of preference in the color was beige, blue, grey. The preference of in the materials was good to keep warm and draft. The preference in the pattern was 'no pattern' every type of business. The experts, or administrators and office workers than others preferred 'no pattern' of the uniform in the pattern.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.23-44
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• 2007

The primary aim of this study is to examine difference in psychological well-being (PWB) and family support and explore its factors by the types of productive activity: paid labor, voluntary activity, or caregiving for their grandchildren. Three hundred females aged over 60 currently participating in productive activities were interviewed. The main results are as follow. First, PWB of volunteers is higher than any other group. Second, level of support provided by family members is highest for the group of grandchildren caregiving. Third, the variables affecting PWB for paid workers are educational level and material reward. As for the volunteers, PWB is explained by satisfaction with the given activity and instrumental support of their family members on it. PWB of grandchildren caregivers is explained by their marital status, income, material reward, emotional and instrumental support.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

The integration of products and services is being expanded in both manufacturing and service companies such as in Apple's iPod & iTunes, Amazon's Kindle, and Hyundai Motor Company's Mozen. This phenomenon has recently accelerated due to multiple factors including market change, lessening of differences in quality of products or services, the paradigm of participation and sharing, and deindustrialization and evolution toward becoming a service economy. The objective of this paper is to investigate and analyze the status and characteristics of integration of products and services in Korean firms and to suggest policy directions promoting this integration. Towards this purpose, income statements from the Korea Listed Companies Association (KLCA) database of companies listed on the Korea Stock Exchange are analyzed regarding the servitization of manufacturing firms as well as the productization of service firms. In addition, this research investigates the Korean Innovation Survey 2011 database for the service sector and 2010 database for the manufacturing sector in order to evaluate R&D activity in each. In the manufacturing sector, the average ratio of service sales (servitization) was low at 0.208, with bias in the level and distribution of ratios associated with the manufacturing sector. 18 out of a total of 23 sectors (78%) have low servitization, showing there's a long way to go for servitization in the Korean manufacturing sector. In the service sector, the average ratio of product sales (productization) was 9.53%, which is relatively high compared to that of the manufacturing sector. However, the distribution of ratios is also biased, as with the manufacturing sector. Based on this analysis, policy directions are proposed in terms of 1) R&D, 2) concept boost, 3) R&D result spread, 4) statistics, 5) infrastructure and 6) green growth.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

The advent of the Internet and development of information technologies have changed the environment of doing business. Accordingly, they expect that the relative importance of electronic commerce in the business becomes growing more and more. Among the areas of electronic commerce, B2B marketplaces that play the roles of linking buyers and suppliers take the important place. This study examines requirements for activating domestic B2B marketplaces by analyzing the literature and the status of the marketplaces. For the analysis, evaluation factors that belong to one of the four categories (i.e., Information step, Agreement step, Settlement step, and the rest) are selected. Results of the study suggest the following activation requirements for domestic B2B marketplaces : 1. Enforcement of services for the Agreement and Settlement steps. 2. Supporting multinational languages. 3. Diversification of income sources. 4. Standardization. 5. Integrating main systems. 6. Satisfying the necessities of buyers and suppliers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.3 s.47
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• pp.465-473
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• 1994

This study was carried out to evaluate the relations between sociodemographic, work-related factors and health related behaviors in a group of 1,042 workers in Taejeon and Chungnam area. The results were as followings: The older workers took more irregularly meals, more cigarette and more alcohol than the younger. Men had more appropriate sleeping time, more regular exercise than women, but more frequent alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. The married had more regular sleeping habit than the unmarried. The group of married were smoking more and obese. In view of monthly income which represent the socioeconomic state of workers, the group of more than 1 million won had more frequent alcohol ingestion, more heavier body weight than another group of less than 1 million won. Workers having their work hours exceed 9 hours had inappropriate sleep duration, and shift workers took more irregularly meals. The group having poor self-rated health status showed more regular diet, exercise and overweight. Workers recently experienced chronic illness were more overweight and lesser smokers. Above results showed that the health related behaviors were related to the sociodemographic characteristics and occupation-related characteristics. The study for relationship between variant factors affecting health behavior and disease or mortality is need and it should be emphasized that the publicity and education of health related behavior for industrial workers is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.109-120
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was to examine the associations between obesity level and major chronic diseases in older population in Korea, using different obesity indicators. Methods: Data was from the 2008 KloSA Biomarker pilot, a nationwide sample of 514 non-institutionalized subjects (age $63.6{\pm}9.8$ years; women 57.2%). Anthropometric information was collected by home visiting nurses. Portable bioimpedence devices(Omran HBF359) were used for measuring fat mass. Obesity cut-offs used the Asian criteria of $BMI{\geq}25$, $WC{\geq}90/85cm$, and $fat%{\geq}25/35$ for men and women. Chronic disease prevalence was defined by physician-diagnosed history of 8 specified diseases. Results: Prevalence of chronic diseases significantly increased with increment of obesity level by BMI, WC and fat %. Odds ratios of acquiring chronic diseases remained significant in the obese group (BMI OR 2.76, 95%CI 1.82-4.19; WC OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.81-4.11; Fat OR 1.87 95%CI 1.26-2.78), after adjusting for age, sex, marital status, education, work participation, household income, smoking, drinking, and exercise. Conclusions: Obesity measured by all three indicators, BMI, WC, and fat mass cannot be disregarded, accentuating the significant effect on increases in disease risks among older population. BMI and WC measure appeared better to assess the risks of chronic diseases.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to explore the relative influence of psychological well-being and social support on the burnout of infant care teachers. Participants were 194 infant care teachers from 52 infant daycare centers in Gyeong-gi-do. Psychological burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory(Lee, 2011), psychological well-being was measured by the Psychological well-being scale(Cho & Cha, 2001) and social support was measured by the social support questionnaire(Bak, 1985). Date were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis, t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The major results of this study were as follows; First, there were differences in burnout in terms of marital status, work experiences, classroom operation type and income. Second, Infant care teachers' burnout was negatively correlated with psychological well-being and social support. Third, the most influential factor on infant care teachers' burnout was purpose in life, the second most influential factor was self-acceptance, the third most influential factor was emotional support, and the least influential factor was environmental mastery. Results of this study indicate that a psychological well-being enhancement program should be developed and emotional support from a social relationship network should be enhanced in order to prevent infant care teachers' burnout.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to examine the current turnover status of hospital pharmacists and to analyze the factors which affected the turnover of them after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. We surveyed 19 managers of hospital pharmacies and 154 hospital pharmacists. Results are as follows. Pharmacist manpower of hospital pharmacies was only $63.99\%$ in tertiary hospitals and $76.78\%$ in general hospitals respectively of the number of pharmacists before the separation of prescription and dispensing practice. The ratio of those who left hospital pharmacies during the period of January 2000 and October 2001 was $80.23\%$ for tertiary hospitals, and $100.84\%$ for general hospitals. Decrease in the number of pharmacists brought the increase of work load and night duty. Major factors which affected the turnover of hospital pharmacists were found as following: income gap between hospital pharmacists and community pharmacists, increasing workload especially at night and on holidays, infrequent chance for the promotion, and low chance to provide clinical pharmacy services after the separation of prescribing and dispensing practice. Adequate manpower is the basic factor for providing hospital pharmacy services and improving clinical pharmacy services. The study suggested that proper number of hospital pharmacists is to be ensured through strengthening the legal requirement for the hospital pharmacists and improving health insurance reimbursement rate for the pharmaceutical services at hospital.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

This study develops normative scores of the Infant/Toddler version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) inventory for Korean infants and toddlers. We selected 482 0- to 36-month-old infants and families by a stratified sampling procedure that considered residency, age, and gender of children. The pass rate, discrimination rate, and internal consistency were analyzed for the item analysis. Statistical validity included intercorrelation among the IT-HOME subscales, correlation between IT-HOME scores and environmental status variables, and correlation between IT-HOME and Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (K-BSID-II) scores. Normative scores were prepared by percentile ranks. The results of this study were as follows: First, 45 items were acceptable for Korean subjects with few exceptions. IT-HOME was developed to screen unfavorable environmental factors during infancy; therefore, items such as 12, 17, 23, 39, 44 need to be retained even though they had low discriminating power. Second, IT-HOME subscales were correlated, and IT-HOME was significantly related to parents' education level, household income level, and infant' developmental levels. Third, percentile scores and the median of each IT-HOME subscales were suggested as normative scores. We discussed the normative scores of the IT-HOME to screen the quality of home environments for children aged 0-36 months in Korea, and provide the intervention basis for the at-risk population.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.79-106
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• 2005

This study, by adopting case study methodology, is focused on examining the present state and analyzing the cause of the digital divide, and suggesting policies for bridging the divide, specifically in view of SMEs. We have taken cases of manufacturing companies, visiting and interviewing 18 SMEs in 10 APEC member economies which show sharp difference in usage of ICT. In order to analyze the digital gap among SMEs, we used 5 variables that are composed of computer hardware, computer software, Internet, readiness of ICT, and performance of ICT adoption, while categorizing the cases into low and high tier based on the national ICT index. From a computer hardware perspective, the high tier (0.66) has almost double the number of PC’s per employee, compared with the low tiers (0.34). This gap can be explained by financial availability of low income and high tariff in the developing economies. In the computer software perspective, the SMEs in the low tier had some restrictive use of computer applications such as financial and accounting management and document management, while those in the high tier enjoyed more diversity in the use of applications such as inventory management, sales management, financial and accounting management, procurement management, CRM, and ERP. In view of the readiness of ICT, the difference in ICT infrastructure and financial status between the low and high tier was far wider than any other variables. As a result of ICT adoption, SMEs benefited in view of learning and growth, internal business processes, customer service, and financial affairs. To effectively bridge the digital divide between the low and high tier, actions such as setting up a secondary market of used computers among cooperating developed and developing countries, developing and diffusing good business applications, and building speedy, low-cost telecommunication infrastructures should be taken.