• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.271-279
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• 2020

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of buffered and unbuffered local anesthesia solutions during inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) administration in children. Methods: PubMed, Ovid SP, and Cochrane databases were searched separately by two independent reviewers for potential papers published between 1980 and April 2020 using relevant MeSH terms and pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. T Studies of IANB administration in children comparing buffered and unbuffered local anesthesia solutions were evaluated. The primary outcome evaluated was pain (perception and reaction), while the secondary outcome was the onset of anesthesia. Results: A total of five articles were included in a qualitative analysis; among them, four qualified for quantitative analysis of the primary outcome and three for quantitative analysis of the secondary outcome. A fixed-effects model was used to perform the meta-analysis. Pain perception (child-reported pain): Significantly lower pain scores were reported with buffered local anesthesia solution than with unbuffered solution (P = 0.006, MD: -0.32, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.09). Pain reaction (observer-reported pain reaction in child): No significant difference was found between buffered and unbuffered solution in terms of observer-reported pain behavior in the child (P = 0.09, MD: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.46 to 0.04). Onset of anesthesia: A significantly lower duration of anesthesia onset was reported with buffered local anesthesia solution than with unbuffered solution (P = 0.00001, MD: -12.38, 95% CI: -17.64 to -7.13]. Conclusion: Buffering local anesthesia solution may reduce discomfort due to IANB injection administration and lower the initial onset time of anesthesia. More randomized control trials with adequate sample sizes should be carried out to validate the accuracy of these results.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2020

An analytical formulation and solution process for the buckling analysis of porous magneto-electro-elastic functionally graded (MEE-FG) beam via different thermal loadings and various boundary conditions is suggested in this paper. Magneto electro mechanical coupling properties of FGM beam are taken to vary via the thickness direction of beam. The rule of power-law is changed to consider inclusion of porosity according to even and uneven distribution. Pores possibly occur inside FGMs due the result of technical problems that lead to creation of micro-voids in these materials. Change in pores along the thickness direction stimulates the mechanical and physical properties. Four-variable tangential-exponential refined theory is employed to derive the governing equations and boundary conditions of porous FGM beam under magneto-electrical field via Hamilton's principle. An analytical model procedure is adopted to achieve the non-dimensional buckling load of porous FG beam exposed to magneto-electrical field with various boundary conditions. In order to evaluate the influence of thermal loadings, material graduation exponent, coefficient of porosity, porosity distribution, magnetic potential, electric voltage and boundary conditions on the critical buckling temperature of the beam made of magneto electro elastic FG materials with porosities a parametric study is presented. It is concluded that these parameters play remarkable roles on the buckling behavior of porous MEE-FG beam. The results for simpler states are proved for exactness with known data in the literature. The proposed numerical results can serve as benchmarks for future analyses of MEE-FG beam with porosity phases.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.373-385
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• 2021

The purpose of this paper is to systematically evaluate the relationship between cancer health literacy and cancer screening behaviors using global data. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses review guidelines, full-text articles published on PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were reviewed until 31 January 2021. The reference lists of all selected studies have been also included. The cancer health literacy and cancer-screening behaviors of the participants aged ≥18 years were assessed. Seventeen studies that met the inclusion criteria were included. The cancer screening behaviors included mammograms, clinical breast cancer examination, Papanicolaou test, colonoscopy, and PSA screening. Eleven studies revealed a statistically meaningful relationship between the cancer health literacy and cancer screening behaviors. Further research should focus on developing effective interventions and guidelines on cancer health knowledge. The research scope of all areas of cancer health literacy and cancer screening behaviors should be extended to improve the cancer screening rates and public health.

• Metals and materials international
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1394-1402
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• 2018

This study investigates the mechanism of MnS precipitation on $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions during the solidification of non-oriented silicon steel, especially the influence of the phase structures and sizes of the oxides on the MnS precipitation, by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry. The investigation results show that MnS tends to nucleate on submicron-sized $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions formed by interdendritic segregation and that it covers the oxides completely. In addition, MnS can precipitate on micron-sized oxides and its precipitation behavior is governed by the phase structure of the oxides. The MnS embryo formed in a MnO-containing oxide can act as a substrate for MnS precipitation, thus permitting further growth via diffusion of solute atoms from the matrix. MnS also precipitates in a MnO-free oxide by the heterogeneous nucleation mechanism. Furthermore, MnS is less prone to precipitation in the $Al_2O_3$-rich regions of the $Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ inclusions; this can be explained by the high lattice disregistry between MnS and $Al_2O_3$.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.845-858
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims to contribute to devising systems for family caregivers of dementia patients by examining the state of oral care of dementia patients, and depression and social support among family caregivers of dementia patients. Methods: Family caregivers of dementia patients in the metropolitan area were selected in this study. The inclusion criteria were individuals who have provided care for a dementia patient at home for at least six months and those who come in contact (including phone calls) with the patient at least twice a week. Results: Oral health knowledge of the elderly, caregiving burden, depression, and social support were examined. The mean scores for oral health knowledge of the elderly and caregiving burden were $57.11{\pm}16.94$ out of 100 and $17.33{\pm}8.61$ out of 48, respectively. Further, the mean caregiving behavior score, depression score, and social support score were $8.49{\pm}13.71$ out of 100, $5.11{\pm}3.05$ out of 10, and $72.75{\pm}17.03$ out of 100, respectively. Factors affecting oral health knowledge of the elderly were examined. The results showed that the level of oral health knowledge of the elderly increased with an increasing perception of a need for oral health education (p<0.05), caregiving burden (p<0.01), and social support (p<0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that developing and popularizing oral care intervention programs for family caregivers of dementia patients are necessary to ensure systematic oral care for dementia patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-92
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the content and effectiveness of psychosocial support interventions for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: The following databases were searched with no limitation of the time period: Ovid-MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Ovid-Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NDSL, KoreaMed, RISS, and KISS. Two investigators independently reviewed and selected articles according to the predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. ROB 2.0 and the RoBANS 2.0 checklist were used to evaluate study quality. Results: Based on the 14 selected studies, psychosocial support interventions were provided for the purpose of (1) informational support (including GDM and diabetes mellitus information; how to manage diet, exercise, stress, blood glucose, and weight; postpartum management; and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus); (2) self-management motivation (setting goals for diet and exercise management, glucose monitoring, and enhancing positive health behaviors); (3) relaxation (practicing breathing and/or meditation); and (4) emotional support (sharing opinions and support). Psychosocial supportive interventions to women with GDM lead to behavioral change, mostly in the form of self-care behavior; they also reduce depression, anxiety and stress, and have an impact on improving self-efficacy. These interventions contribute to lowering physiological parameters such as fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and 2-hour postprandial glucose levels. Conclusion: Psychosocial supportive interventions can indeed positively affect self-care behaviors, lifestyle changes, and physiological parameters in women with GDM. Nurses can play a pivotal role in integrative management and can streamline the care for women with GDM during pregnancy and following birth, especially through psychosocial support interventions.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.244-248
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• 2021

Background: Sunburn is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Beach lifeguards spend many hours exposed to the effects of solar radiation during their work day, precisely at times of the year when levels of solar irradiation are highest. The aim of this study is to quantify the risk to beach lifeguards of sun exposure. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the Western Costa del Sol, southern Spain, during the summer of 2018. The research subjects were recruited during a skin cancer prevention course for beach lifeguards. All participants were invited to complete a questionnaire on their habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to sun exposure. In addition, ten were specially monitored using personal dosimeters for three consecutive days, and the results were recorded in a photoprotection diary. A descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation for the quantitative variables) was performed, and inter-group differences were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Two hundred fifteen lifeguards completed the questionnaire, and 109 met the criteria for inclusion in this analysis. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD: 5.1), 78.0% were male, 71.5% were phototype III or IV (Fitzpatrick's phototype), and 77.1% had experienced at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. The mean daily personal ultraviolet exposure per day, the minimal erythema dose, and the standard erythema dose, in J/m², were 634.7 [standard deviation (SD): 356.2], 2.5 (SD: 1.4) and 6.35 (SD: 3.6), respectively. Conclusion: Beach lifeguards receive very high doses of solar radiation during the work day and experience correspondingly high rates of sunburn. Intervention strategies to modify their sun exposure behavior and working environment are necessary to reduce the risk of skin cancer for these workers and to promote early diagnosis of the disease.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.169-174
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• 2022

This study is to verify the feasibility of SiC single crystal growth using recycled SiC powder. The fundamental physical properties such as particle size, shape, composition and impurities of the recycled powder were analyzed, and the sublimation behavior occurring inside the reactor were predicted using the basic data. As a result of comprehensive judgment, the physical properties of the recycled powder were suitable for single crystal growth, and single crystal growth experiments were conducted using this. 100 mm 4H-SiC single crystal ingot with a height of 25 mm was grown without polytype inclusion. In the case of micro-pipe density was 0.02 ea/cm² and resistivity characteristics was 0.015~0.020 ohm·cm², commercial level quality was obtained, but additional analysis related to dislocation density and stacking faults is required for device application.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.1-36
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• 2021

Purpose - This empirical study, aims to identify the determinants of adoption and acceptance of mobile payment as to understand why it is successful in some countries in Sub-Saharan Africa but failing in others. A comparative study of a successful mobile payment service and a purported failed one was done as to have some insights to the factors affecting acceptance of the technology. Design/methodology/approach - The strength of three notable theories: theory of diffusion of innovation (DOI), the extended unified theory of user acceptance of information technology (UTAUT2) and self-efficacy theory were use. The self-efficacy of government support inclusion as, a moderating variable in the form of infrastructure, securing transaction and price value revealed the relevance of government in the success of mobile payment service. By means of a field survey of 705 subjects in two separate regions of Africa (East and West), the data was collected and use to test the research model. Findings - The study result shows the importance of the moderating factor of government support to the success of mobile payment of any nation. The result also shows the importance of the perception of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, social influence as already revealed by other studies. Research implications or Originality - Mobile payment success in some part of Sub-Saharan Africa is well known but also suggested to fail in some Sub-Saharan African countries. Buttressing the need for understanding of the factors affecting mobile payment acceptance. This article empirically examined the factors influencing the success of mobile payment, and we implicated that if the implementation of mobile payment is to be successful for mobile commerce in any nation, adoption, acceptance and use by its citizen is imperative.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2023

This paper proposes a novel frame element on Winkler-Pasternak foundation for analysis of a non-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) member resting on foundation. These structural members represent flexural-shear critical members, which are commonly found in existing buildings designed and constructed with the old seismic design standards (inadequately detailed transverse reinforcement). As a result, these structures always experience shear failure or flexure-shear failure under seismic loading. To predict the characteristics of these non-ductile structures, efficient numerical models are required. Therefore, the novel frame element on Winkler-Pasternak foundation with inclusion of the shear-flexure interaction effect is developed in this study. The proposed model is derived within the framework of a displacement-based formulation and fiber section model under Timoshenko beam theory. Uniaxial nonlinear material constitutive models are employed to represent the characteristics of non-ductile RC frame and the underlying foundation. The shear-flexure interaction effect is expressed within the shear constitutive model based on the UCSD shear-strength model as demonstrated in this paper. From several features of the presented model, the proposed model is simple but able to capture several salient characteristics of the non-ductile RC frame resting on foundation, such as failure behavior, soil-structure interaction, and shear-flexure interaction. This confirms through two numerical simulations.