• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigate the flow characteristics of a quadrotor UAV in a hovering mode by measuring multiple two-dimensional velocity fields in the wake. The experiment is conducted at Re = 24,000 in a chamber large enough to neglect the ground effect, where Re is the Reynolds number based on the rotor chord length and the rotor tip speed. The rotational speed of the rotor is determined by an optical tachometer so that the lift force can be balanced with the weight of the UAV. The velocity field measured on the center plane of the rotor shows that the vortices are shedding from the tip of the rotor, inducing large fluctuations in the streamwise velocity along the wake shear layer. The strength of the rotor-tip vortex shedding is asymmetric with respect to the rotor axis due to the interaction between the rotor and the wake centerline of each rotor is inclined to the center of the UAV due to the pressure difference caused by the induced velocity. The wake from each rotor moves closer to each other while traveling in the streamwise direction, and then is merged together inducing large fluctuations in the transverse velocity. Due to the wake merging, on the center plane of the UAV, the velocity increases in the streamwise direction showing two-peak structure in the streamwise velocity contours.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 지표면 경사각, 벽면 경사각, 벽면 마찰각, 선하중, 등분포하중, 점착력, 부착력의 영향을 고려할 수 있는 주동토압공식을 힘의 평형이론을 근거로 도출하였다. 이 제안식의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여, 도해법에 의해 산정된 토압과 비교하였으며, Coulomb, Rankine, Mazindrani 공식에 의한 산정 결과와도 비교하였다. 산정 결과는 도해법 결과뿐만 아니라 Coulomb, Rankine, Mazindrani 공식의 3가지 방법에 의한 결과와 잘 일치되었다. 또한, 제안식에 의한 주동토압은 Fang 등의 실험연구 결과와 일치하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이 일반화된 공식은 Coulomb, Rankine, Mazindrani 의 주동토압공식의 한계를 극복할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 외부하중조건을 고려할 수 있는 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.68-76
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• 2006

Founding himself on 'The Principle of Self-making' that is the instrument of 'the natural construction' and accomplishing the various interdisciplinary researches, Frei Otto could explicate the fundamental structure of life that is able to make visible the self-making processes in the nature, the technique and the architecture. It is the flexible pneumatic construction that is grounded on the fibrous organization. This was a milestone not only for him who wanted to put the idea of the new architectural form into practice, but also for the contemporary architecture that faces on the style-pluralistic disorientedness. The architectural form of the natural construction includes in itself three constitutional sub-ideas. One of them is 'the adaptable architecture', which is inclined to the architecture similar to the organization of human body, and the other 'the light architecture' that is in the pursuit of the optimal form through the minimal material. The last one is 'the ecological architecture' that aims to realize the optimal dwelling environment based on the effective energy consumption by accumulating knowledges of the always fluid and unstable nature. With these architectural ideas Frei Otto could develop a new architectural form language 'the light architecture of the natural construction'. This study is purposed to explain the various experiments that were made by his team and the basic principles of the structural dynamics of 'the architecture of the natural construction' and then to analyze the structures that were built on the ground of those principles.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2000

인력물자취급(MMH)작업은 작업현장에서 육체적 상해와 요통(LBP)을 발생시키는 주요 원인 중에 하나이며 이러한 산업재해는 점점 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 특히 좋지 않은 작업환경 즉, 비탈진 경사면에 위치한 농장이나 과수원, 항만부두의 하역작업, 경사진 벌목장 작업, 광산의 막장에서의 작업은 많은 재해의 위험성을 초래하며, 신체균형의 상실은 근골격계(musculoskeletal System)의 부상을 초래하게 된다. 본 연구는 경사면에서의 들기작업시 작업자의 근육의 force information과 근피로도를 측정하기 위해 EMG 시스템을 이용하였다. 측정결과 AEMG의 경우 모든 조건에서 일반적으로 multifidus 근육에 걸리는 부하가 다른 근육에서보다 많은 것으로 나타났고, 15$^{\circ}$, 20$^{\circ}$인 경우 neck extensors의 사용이 많은 것으로 나타났다. MPF천이 결과 공통적으로 multifidus부위 근육의 천이정도가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 근육별 부하(%)에 대한 결과는 deep spinal 근육인 multifidus, erectorspinae부위가 상대적으로 많은 것으로 나타났고 neck extensor부위는 근육분담이 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 수완나부미
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.17-53
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• 2016

Debates continue to multiply on the definition and rationale of Southeast Asia as a region and on the utility of the multidisciplinary field of area studies. However, we have now entered a post-colonialist, post-Orientalist, post-structuralist stage of reflection and re-orientation in the era of globalization, and a strong tendency on the part of insiders to pose these issues in terms of an insider-outsider dichotomy. On the one hand, the study of Southeast Asia for researchers from outside the region has become fragmented. This is for very obvious reasons: the strengthening and re-energizing of academic disciplines, the increasing popularity of other non-regional multidisciplinary studies, and the entry of globalization studies into our field of vision. On the other hand, how has the local Southeast Asian academy addressed these major issues of change in conceptualizing the region from an insider perspective? In filling in and giving substance to an outsider, primarily Euro-American-Australian-centric definition and vision of Southeast Asia, some local academics have recently been inclined to construct Southeast Asia in terms of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN): a nation-state-based, institutional definition of what a region comprises. Others continue to operate at a localized level exploring small-scale communities and territories, while a modest number focus on sub-regional issues (the Malay-Indonesian world or the Mekong sub-region are examples). However, further reflections suggest that the Euro-American-Australian hegemony is a thing of the past and the ground has shifted to a much greater emphasis on academic activity within the region. Southeast Asia-based academics are also finding it much more important to network within the region and to capture, understand, and analyze what Chinese, Japanese, and Korean scholars are saying about Southeast Asia, its present circumstances and trajectories, and their increasingly close involvement with the region within a greater Asia-Pacific rim. The paper argues that the insider-outsider dichotomy requires considerable qualification. It is a neat way of dramatizing the aftermath of colonialism and Orientalism and of reasserting local priorities, agendas, and interests. But there might be a way forward in resolving at least some of these apparently opposed positions with recourse to the concepts of culture and identity in order to address Southeast Asian diversities, movements, encounters, hybridization, and hierarchies.

• 지질공학
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.507-522
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• 2021

각 탐사의 반응 값은 지하 매질의 특정 물성에 따라 달라지기 때문에 한가지의 지구물리학적 방법만으로는 탐사목적을 달성하지 못하는 경우가 종종 있다. 특히 지질재해 위험에 취약한 지역을 조사하는 경우, 인명 및 재산피해를 최대한 줄이기 위해 한 가지 이상의 탐사방법을 사용하는 것이 효과적이다. 제방의 안전성 평가를 위한 이 연구에서는 각 탐사결과들을 개별적으로 해석하는 대신 탄성파속도(굴절법에 의한 P파속도와 MASW의 S파속도)와 전기비저항 값들을 통계적으로 분석하여 결정된 임계값들을 기반으로 취약구간과 안전구간 등으로 구분하는 사분면 상관기법을 수행하였다. 임계값은 수평 4층 구조와 경사진 파쇄대에 대한 모델자료를 가지고 수행한 사분면 상관기법을 테스트하는 과정에서 두 개의 속성자료 모두 평균에서 표준편차를 빼준 값으로 결정되었다. 전기비저항-P파속도의 교차출력에 비해 전기비저항과 S파속도를 이용한 교차출력 해석이 제방 시스템의 토양유형, 지반강성 및 암석학적 특성 정보를 보다 충실히 제공하였다. 낮은 S파속도와 높은 전기비저항으로 2사분면에 투영된 느슨한 모래 구역이 취약구간으로 평가되는데 이와 같은 해석은 시추공 표준관입시험에서 보인 중심코어의 N 값 분포로 뒷받침되었다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.399-416
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• 2017

라오스 '참파삭 문화경관 내 밧푸 사원과 고대주거지' 유적은 2001년 유네스코 세계문화유산으로 등재되었다. 현재 밧푸 주사원의 상부구조는 대부분 붕괴되어 있다. 또한 다양한 손상이 진행되고 있어 과학적이고 체계적인 진단을 통한 보존관리가 필요하다. 주사원은 사암과 벽돌을 주요 부재로 사용했으며, 균열과 탈락, 박리, 이격 등의 물리적 손상과 지의류, 선태류, 초본식물 등의 생물학적 손상이 심하다. 주사원의 석재를 대상으로 초음파 속도를 측정하여 물성을 평가한 결과, 주사원 동측면 사암의 풍화도지수는 0.10~0.74(평균 0.36)로 산출되어 중간풍화단계(MW)를 나타냈다. 남측면과 북측면은 평균 0.30와 0.32의 풍화도지수를 보여 상대적으로 높은 물성을 보였다. 주사원 기단의 경사도 분석결과, 남측면 4번 지점이 $5^{\circ}W$의 경사를 나타내 가장 큰 기울기를 보였으며, 이는 지반의 불안정에서 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 상대적 수준측량 및 과거 측량도면을 검토할 때 주사원은 평지가 아닌 일정한 경사를 가진 지반에 자리한 것을 확인하였다. 남측면의 지반이 북측면에 비해 $1.51^{\circ}$ 더 기울어져 있는 것으로 보아 구조안정성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 이격거리 분석 결과, 남측면 부재의 주요 이격은 평균 159.5 mm로 가장 큰 범위를 보이며, 상부로 올라갈수록 폭이 증가하여 가장 넓은 곳은 평균 328.3 mm를 나타냈다. 이와 같은 이격은 하부 지반의 부등침하에 따라 발생한 것으로 판단된다. 밧푸 주사원은 부분적으로 붕괴와 물리적 손상이 진행되어 건물의 구조안정성에 대한 지속적인 보존관리가 필요한 상태이다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1978

The Purpose of this study is to examine closely the causes influenced upon the comfort and recovery of the woman delivered of a child in the hospital at the same time to understand environmental status of hospitals in order to promote mother's health recovery, and to improve hospital environment by emphasizing the meaning of environment and health before the medical staff and hospital administrative authority. In the method of servery of the research, 165 post paestum patients have been randomly selected who were accommodated and delivered their babies at OB(obstetric ) & GY (Gynecologic) unit the 7 general hospitals for the period of 6 December 1976 through 17 December 1976. As for the survey, it has been used of Questionnaire where we have 65 items in the respect of personal environment in the hospital such as trusting nurse, ability, reliability, kindness and etiquette of nurse and tile character of nurse the relationship with patients the other respect of physical environment included 9f temperature, moisture. air-ventilation lightening noise, cleanness. facilities, and the third realm being of mother's hearth ground to have the following conclusion 1. The feature of the collected personnel they are from OB or GY sects of from OB unit of the other 5 hospitals except the two general hospitals of the college or school Otherwise the rate of the patients to nurses would be 9 : 1. As for the nurses'ground it would be appeared of 20-25 years of age as the 76%. either 3 year course or 4 year course in the education would be each 50% and less than 2 year experience case would record as of 60 %. In the respect of hospital physical environmental status, there we have two hospitals without any thermometers, on the other han4 nowhere there's hygrometer, otherwise, the lightening is normal or over than normal As for the structure of noise protection the corridors're, generally speaking worse than rooms, nerver hueless, there's no ventilating system in the hospitals. The rooms'repainted in white and yellow, light green white, or green color. The patient's clothing were in green pink blue, light green or in white co for. There're not anything special in both decoration and equipments. Most of them used tall beds except in one hospital 2. To the extent of perception of patient's hatch 9round and hospital environment it is presented that they perceived nurse's ability in highest in total human variable, though perceived kindness or etiquette in the lowest otherwise, comparatively high in total average. 3. In the respect of physical environment it is highest perceived of lightening terms, otherwise, lowest perceived of air ventilation and total average became lowest than the one of the original record 4. To ages, in the respect of hatch ground rather old aged mother than the younger one has perceived that nurse would be trusting, in good service character, able, at the same time, liable, Otherwise, in physical environment regardless of age, they perceived lightening in high and remarkably lower in ventilation As a result of the examination of the difference in hospital environment to each age it is appeared of statistical difference at 5% level of ability in the personal environment otherwise little difference as for physical environment 5. In the respect of perceiving level to educational standard it is highly perceived of personal environment for higher ranking group rather than lower group in the educational standard. In case of physical environment it is highly perceived for lower level group rather than higher level group in educational background. The variables which have statistical significance at 5% level are from trusting kindness, etiquette and total kindness, etiquette and total all significance at 5% level are from trusting, kindness, etiquette and total human environment variable in personal environment, otherwise, there's little difference in the physical environment. 6. The perceiving level due to times of admission and accommodation at the hospital would be cleared out as gradual higher perception both physical and personal environment in the hospital. At 5% significant level of the ventilation condition in physical environmental variable it is presented of meaningful difference otherwise, there we have little difference both in Personal variable and other one. 7. In accordance with living standard, the perception degree of personal environment in tee hospital would be inclined to increase to higher living standard on the other hand, in case of the physical environment, the perception level world increase to lower living standard At 5 % level, the trustuariable and total scores in the personal eicuironmectal variable there appeared a meaningful/ significant difference otherwise, there presented little difference both in physical environmental and other variable to the living standard 8. Pertaining to family unit, the mother of an independent family unit perceived highly in all respect of the personal and the physical environment in the hospital rather than the woman of succeeding family unit. At 5 % level there appeared a difference in the respect of kindness and etiquette both in personal environment variable, on the other hand, there hardly marked a difference between other variable and physical environmental one. 9. The degree of perception to comforting level has little connection with a statistical difference the age, educational level hospital admitting times, living standard or family unit. 10. The most effective variable to mother's comforting level will be nurse's ability, reliability, trusting manner, and total physical environment variable in order.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.646-669
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• 2004

By treating skin diseases with Hyungsang medicine and reviewing the clinical cases of them through classifying skin diseases into general care and into Hyungsang medical care, the writer came to the conclusion as followings. The skin is a house of Kyungnak, and it' s a place which Ki comes in and out, which human body controls conditions of his physiological function and which doctors can make a diagnosis from seeing it. The skin is subject to lung and large intestine in the point of organ, but in the point of movement, to spleen and stomach. Skin diseases come from unbalance of Ki and Hyul, mostly from fever in blood and also from Dam, Wind, Dampness and Dryness because of including fire. Generally skin diseases are treated according to classifying into distinctive symptoms, region, cause or time being occurred, and concomitant symptoms. After being divided into man and woman, age and youth, fatness and leanness, Jung Ki Shin Hyul type, visceral figures, Yukkyung shapes on Hyungsang medicine method, the remedy of skin diseases which is combined common meditation with Hyungsang medical method is efficacious. In distinguishing into man and woman, age and youth, man gets sick mainly by drinking liquor and exhausting Jung, woman is taken ill generally by indigestion and Damwha, especially by drinking liquor. Young child gets ill mostly from inherent weakness, but in many cases he is occurred by disturbed digestion, so he must be taken care of ingesting food. The aged becomes ill from weakening, so he must be treated according to reasons of diseases. To fatness and leanness, skin diseases are showed symptoms by weakened Yang, insufficient Yin or excess fever on the theory of upper and lower parts, by unbalance of Ki and Hyul on the theory of left and right, by Dryness and Dampness on the theory of front and rear and by insufficiency of vitality and combined fever on the theory of inside and outside. Therefore doctors must cure the symptoms according to the theory of upper and lower, left and right, front and rear and inside and outside. In type of Jung Ki Shin Hyul, the balances between Jung-Hyul and Shin-Ki are important points. Concretely Jung type comes to easily shortage of Jung or gathering abnormally Dampness and Dam, Ki type is easy to make a mass with Ki or to be deficient of Ki, Shin type comes to press seven emotions togather or to be insufficient of Yin and fever inside, and Hyul type is inclined to be deficient of Hyul and to become feverish or to be deficient of Ki. Therefore on the ground of the above reasons skin diseases come into existence. Inclusively in Jung-Hyul type , Ki must be moved on the base of full Jung-Hyul, so Wukmijiwhangtang or Samultang is prescribed basically. In Shin-Ki type , Jung-Hyul is saved on the base of moving Ki, so Hyangsosan or Yijintang is the proper prescription. Considering the visceral figures, doctors judge for diagnosis and remedy by putting together the elements, that is, great and small sizes of a set of features (eye, ear, mouth, nose), color and temper. The yukkyung types are classified according to many or few of Ki-Hyul, and then skin diseases appear by being inclined toward one side between Ki and hyul, or among the six atmospheric elements(wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire). Especially because Yangmyung type is full of much Ki and Hyul, and also has much fever in stomach, he gets skin symptoms frequently. So his prescription is based on taking off fever in stomach, and also he must be careful about regimen certainly.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.295-303
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• 1997

수분조건(${\theta}$m 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) 변화에 따른 토양내 우분퇴비의 질소와 탄소의 전환특성을 조사하기 위해 7월말에서 11월 초 사이 15주간 실내에서 Incubation 실험을 실시하였다. 실험기간동안에 토양 pH는 질산화 과정중 발생되는 수소의 영향으로 낮은 폭으로 지속적인 감소를 보였으며, 유기물과 수분처리량이 증가할수록 암모니아 질소의 발생률의 증대와 환원물질의 생성으로 토양 pH가 높아졌다. 전 질소의 감소율은 수분량이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였으나, 전 탄소는 이와 반대의 경향을 보였다. 따라서 낮은 수분조건(${\theta}$m 0.2)에서 C/N율은 시험기간동안 지속적으로 감소되어 지력이 증진됨을 볼 수 있었으나, ${\theta}$m 0.4 이상의 높은 수분조건에서는 지속적인 C/N율 증가가 발생되어 지력 감소와 토양 pH 감소 원인으로 작용하였다. 우분처리에 따른 $NO_3\;^--N$ 발생량은 ${\theta}$m 0.3 이하의 수분조건에서는 비교적 양호한 통기조건 때문에 지속적으로 증가되었으나, ${\theta}$m 0.4 이상의 조건에서는 초기에 큰 폭의 감소가 발생되었으며, 특히 ${\theta}$m 0.5에서는 2∼3주 이후 $NO_3\;^--N$가 발생되지 않았다. 그러나 $NH_4\;^+-N$의 발생량은 위와 반대경향을 보여, 수분함량이 증가함에 따라 발생량이 증대되는 경향을 보였다. 전 질소에 대한 무기태 질소의 비율로 나타낸 질소의 무기화율은 낮은 수분조건에서는 꾸준히 증가하였으나, 높은 수분조건에서는 초기 큰 폭의 감소가 발생된 후 서서히 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 토양내 유기물 시용시 지력 유지 측면에서 토양내 수분조건은 대단히 중요하며, 높은 수분조건에서는 질소 손실량 증대에 의한 지력 감소가 발생될 것으로 예측되었다.${\theta}$ m 0.2 정도의 적정 수분조건에서는 양호한 통기성과 수분유지로 인한 질소 손실을 줄일 수 있었다.