• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1999

In general, sitting balance is decreased in subjects with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) which is used to measure sitting balance. The subjects of this study were 26 persons with spinal cord injury, and they were divided into three groups according to their injury level. Group I, II and III consisted of the following $C_5{\sim}C_8$ quadriplegics, $T_1{\sim}T_4$, and $T_9{\sim}T_12$ paraplegics, respectively. Subjects sat on a mat table that was set at an 80 degree inclination. During three sessions, the length subjects could reach in the FRT test was measured by three physical therapists, and compared to each other. The results showed that intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were above 0.97 and inter-rater difference was not statistically significant. The one-way ANOVA demonstrated that reach differed between groups with lower thoracic lesion and the other test groups. In conclusion, we think modified FRT is useful and reliable method to measure the sitting balance in subjects with spinal cord injury.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.567-573
• /
• 2003

Korean High Speed Train (KHST) has been tested on high speed line in JungBu site since it was developed in 2002. The data acquisition system was developed to accomplish successfully this on-line test for proving the dynamic Performance of KHST. This system was consist of the personal computers based on National Instrument PXI modules and the test programs based on Labview 6i. This paper shows that this system is efficient to acquire the test data through the multi-channels connected the accelerometers which located in long distance places and flexible to change and add channels for data acquisition. The dynamic analysis of an on-line test is very complicate because the environmental conditions, as examples radius of curve, inclination of the track, tunnels, bridges, and so forth, and running conditions, as examples driving, braking, the number of working motors, and so forth, have an effect on the results. Therefor, the analysis method is important and this paper proposes the efficient procedure graphically, showing the proposed method simplify the accelerations of 5th bogie frame acquired during the on-line test for KHST.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
• /
• v.30 no.7
• /
• pp.41-53
• /
• 2014

This study examined the magnitude and distribution of the earth pressure on the support system in a jointed rock mass by considering different joint shear strength, rock type, and joint inclination angle. The study particularly focused on the effect of joint cohesive strength for a certain condition. Based on a physical model test (Son and Park, 2014), extended parametric studies were conducted considering rock-structure interactions based on the discrete element method, which can consider the rock and joint characteristics of rock mass. The results showed the earth pressure was strongly affected by the joint cohesive strength as well as the rock type and joint inclination angle. The study indicated that the effect of joint cohesive strength was particularly significant when a rock mass was under the condition of joint sliding. This paper investigates the magnitude of joint cohesive strength to prevent a joint sliding for each different condition. The test results were also compared with Peck's earth pressure, which has been frequently used for soil ground. The comparison indicated that the earth pressure in a jointed rock mass can be significantly different from that in soil ground. This study is expected to provide a better understanding of the earth pressure on the support system in a jointed rock mass.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.34 no.5 s.106
• /
• pp.380-393
• /
• 2004

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the dentoalveolar compensation according to anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy in normal occlusion and to evaluate cephalometric parameters that quantitatively describe dental compensations. The study consisted of 90 subjects (50 males. 40 females) who were selected among specimens of normal occlusion at Seoul National, University Dental Hospital, Dept. of Orthodontics. Lateral cephalograms in centric occlusion were traced and digitized for each subject. According to the anteroposterior skeletal pattern the sample was divided into three groups. Cephalometric data were analyzed for the three groups using the SPSS program. Independent t-test, correlation analysis and regression analysis were carried out. The results were as fellows: Dentoalveolar compensation was found in upper and lower incisor inclination and occlusal plane inclination. As the mandible located anterior to the maxilla, the maxillary incisors incisors more labially. the mandibular incisors more lingually, and the occlusal plane continued to flatten. The dental parameters most correlated with anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy were L1 to SN and L1 to FH. Among the compensatory dentoalveolar changes, lower incisor inclination was strongly related to the anteroposterior jaw relationship and played au imposrtant role in obtaining a normal incisor relationship U1 to PtGn and L1 to APog were constant irrelevant to anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.38
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 1991

The purpose of this study is to do the Somatotype classification according to the type of shoulder-neck and to give the thinkness of shoulder pad according to them. Therefore this study was measurement body size of 201 and the somatotypes were classified as their plumb line. The standard somatotype of this measurement was classified as 9 type according to its angle of shoulder inclination and neck length. Pads which have different thickness (1 cm, 1.5 cm, 2 cm) were attached to the 9 body type and the set-in sleeve blouse and raglan sleeve blouse were made and tring test and sensory test were accomplished. The results of this study were as follows: 1 . Classification of shoulder-neck relationship. Angles of shoulder inclination ($15^{\circ},\;21^{\circ},\;27^{\circ}$), lock lenaths (10 cm, 12.5 cm, 15 cm) were classi- fied as 3 type each and these types were combined as 9 types. II . The result of angle difference of shoulder inclination according to pad thickness. 1) In case of set-in pad. angle is increased $5.75^{\circ}$ per 1 cm of pad thickness. 2) In case of raglan pad. angle is increased $6.45^{\circ}$ per 1 cm of pad thickness. III. The most fit pad thickness to the 9 types. In case of set-in sleeve blouse. 1) High shoulder-long neck, Standard shoulder-long neck Low shoulder-long neck, Stan-dard shoulder·standard neck. Low shoulder-standard neck: 1.5 cm. 2) High shoulder-standard neck, Standard shoulder-short neck, Low shoulder-short neck: 1 cm. 3) High shoulder-short neck: 0 cm(without pad) In case of raglan sleeve blouse. 4) High shoulder-long neck, Standard shoulder-long neck, Low shoulder·long neck, Stan-dard shoulder-standard neck, Low shoulder-standard neck: 1.5 cm. 5) High shoulder-standard neck, Standard shoulder-short neck, Low-shoulder-short neck: 1 cm. 6) High shoulder-short neck: 0 cm(without pad)

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to propose the angle-limit of the escape ramp by analyzing the frog behavior characteristics according to the inclination angle of the waterway escape ramp installed in the concrete U-bench plume pipe channel. Forthe experiment, an escape test device was manufactured with the same shape and number of materials applied in the field. And Rana coreana living in paddy wetlands were sel selected. The main behaviors of frogs on the slope were 'jumping', 'crawling' and 'slipping', and afterrecording the behavioralresults according to the inclination angle, statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test method. As a result of the analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between 30° and 40°. This result is an evidence for expanding the standard of inclination angle 30° suggested in the 'Guidelines for Installation and Management of Ecological Pathways' to a maximum of 40°. However, further research is required in that the escape ramp targets not only Korean frogs but also various small wild animals. However, considering that various wild animals are affected by artificial canals, additional studies using various target wild animals are needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.8
• /
• pp.579-585
• /
• 2019

Increasing the detection probability of underwater targets necessitates securing the towing stability of the active towed SONAR. In this paper, to confirm the effects of tail wing fin on towing attitude and towing stability, two scale model experiments and one sea trials were conducted and the results were analyzed. The scale model tests measured the towing behavior of each of the tail fin shapes according to towing speed in a towing tank. The shape of the tail fin used in the scale model test was tested with an I-type tail fine and four Y-type tail fins, totaling five tail fins of the two kinds. The first scale model test confirmed that the Y-type tail fin was superior to the I-type tail fin in towing attitude and towing stability. The second scale model test confirmed the characteristics of the vertical tail fin height increase and the lower horizontal tail fin inclination angle application shape based on the Y-type tail fin. The shape of the application of the lower horizontal tail fin inclination angle showed the best performance. In order to verify the results of the scale model test, a full size model was constructed, sea trials were performed, and the towing attitude was measured. The results were similar to those of the scale model test.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1999.10a
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 1999

The KOMPSAT, which is scheduled to be launched by Taurus launch vehicle in late November of 1999, will be in a sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 685km, eccentricity of 0.001, inclination of 98deg and local time of ascending node of 10:50 a.m. Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute and Daewoo Heavy Industry had jointly developed a KOMPSAT Simulator as a component of the KOMPSAT Mission Control Element. The MCE had been delivered to Korea Aerospace Research Institute for the KOMPSAT ground operation. It is being used for training of KOMPSAT ground station personnel. Each of satellite subsystems and space environment were mathematically modeled in the simulator. To verify the overall function of KOMPSAT simulator, a Launch and Early Orbit Phase(LEOP) operation simulations have been performed. The simulator had been verified through various tests such as functional level test, subsystem test, interface test, system test, and acceptance test. In this paper, simulation results for LEOP operations to verify flight software adapted into simulator, satellite subsystem models and environment models are presented.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.32 no.6 s.95
• /
• pp.401-411
• /
• 2002

Precise bracket positioning is essential in modem orthodontics. However, there can be alterations in the vertical position of a bracket due to several reasons. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of variations in the vertical bracket position on the crown inclination in Korean patients with normal occlusion. From a larger group of what was considered to be normal occlusions obtained from the Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, each of the final 10 subjects (6 males and 4 females, with an average age of 22.3 yews) was selected. The dental models of each of the subjects were scanned three-dimensionally by a laser scanner, and measurements drawn from these were made on the scanned dental casts of the subjects were input into the computer program. From this the occlusal plane and the bracket plane were determined. The tooth plane was then constructed to measure the crown inclination on the bracket plane of each tooth. From a practical standpoint, information was obtained on the extent to which the torque of a tooth would be changed as the bracket position was to be moved vertically (in ${\pm}0.5mm,\;{\pm}1.0mm,\;{\pm}1.5mm$) from its ideal position. A one way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) was used to compare each group of the different vertical distances from the bracket plane on a specific tooth. Duncan's multiple comparison test was then performed. There were statistically significant differences in the crown inclination among the groups of different vertical distances for the upper central incisor, upper lateral incisor, upper canine, upper first and second molars, lower first and second premolars, and lower first and second molars (p<0.05). On the upper anterior teeth, upper molars, lower premolars and lower molars, the resultant torque values due to the vertical displacement of the bracket were different depending on the direction of the displacement, occlusal or gingival. This study implies that the torque of these teeth should be handled carefully during the orthodontic treatment. In circumstances in which the bracket must be positioned more gingivally or occlusally due to various reasons, it would be useful to provide the chart of torque alteration of each tooth referred to in this study with its specified bracket prescription.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.455-462
• /
• 2003

The current practice of estimating bearing capacity usually employs the conventional bearing capacity formula originally developed for strip footings under vertical central loading, In order account for the effect of footing shape and eccentricity and inclination of loads, correction factors are introduced in the formula, which are derived based on a number of small-scale model test observations. In this paper, comparison of several formulations of bearing capacity factors, as well as values of these factors, are presented. And the conventional bearing capacity equations are compared with some of other failure loci proposed for cohesive soil. Also, the bearing capacity of shallow foundation estimated by the conventional bearing capacity equations are compared with the experimental load test results.