• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2000

The treatment of the washout from small scale incinerator was performed physically, chemically and biologically. The results are as follows. 1. SS, FS removal efficiency of washout wastewater from incinerator was 67.4%, 37.4%, while SS, FS of sewage wastewater was removed 63.2% 35.4% respectively. 2. The optimal conditions for chemical coagulation turned out to be pH 7.5, alum(Al2O3 10%) 30ml/ι and polyelectrolyte(A-601P 0.1%) 4ml/ι. SS 86%, FS 89.5%, BOD 42.5% and CODMn, 63.5% was removed and the removal efficiency of some metals are shown as Pb 93.5%, Zn 86.5% and Fe 80.6%. The concentration of the effluent was SS 9mg/ι, BOD 98.4mg/ι, and CODMn 138.4mg/ι. 3. The removal efficiency in treating washout wastewater of incinerator through HBC-briquet media was getting higher with increasing HRT, and mixed wastewater with 1:1, 1:2 ratio could be met up to the standard limit with higher HRT than 12hr. Under the condition of 1:2 mix ratio and HRT 24 hr, removal efficiency of SS, BOD, CODMn, T-N and T-P was 92.1%, 90%, 87%, 48.2% and 48%, respectively, and the concentration of treated wastewater was SS 2.9 mg/ι, BOD 10.3mg/ι, CODMn 14.1mg/ι, T-N 11.6 mg/ι and T-P 1.3 mg/ι, respectively.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2012

본 연구는 음식물류 폐기물의 처리과정에서 발생하는 음식물류 폐수를 생활폐기물 소각시설에서 생활폐기물과 음식물류폐수를 혼합하여 소각처리 방법과 소각시 음식물류 폐수를 이용한 질소산화물 제거 및 배출가스의 영향등을 조사하였다. 해양투기용으로 발생된 음식물류폐기물 폐수는 성상이 94-96%의 함수율을 갖고 있다. 음식물류폐기물 폐수를 주입하였을 때 소각로 출구 온도는 $897^{\circ}C$이였으며, 평상시는 $925^{\circ}C$로 약 $28^{\circ}C$도 떨어졌다. 음식물류폐기물 폐수를 각각 $200{\ell}/hr$, $300{\ell}/hr$ 투입시 질소산화물의 평균배출농도는 각각 50ppm, 46ppm 이었다. 연관식 폐열보일러는 음식물류 폐수의 투입량이 많을수록 튜브 막힘 현상이 있었으며, 막힘 튜브는 압축공기를 이용한 튜브 청소로 원상태를 유지 할 수 있어 연속적 소각에는 방해가 되지 않았다. 유기성 폐기물인 음식물류 폐수의 자원화 처리방법과 더불어 기존 소각시설을 이용한 소각처리가 육상처리의 한 방법으로 자리매김 할 수 있으며, 소각시 배출가스의 질소산화물이 제거됨으로써 질소산화물 제거용 암모니아, 요소수 등 화학약품비용 절감하는 효과도 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.296-300
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• 2001

In order to recycle the incineration ash (bottom ash and fly ash) generated from the incineration of municipal waste for a cement material, salts as well as heavy metal should be removed by the stabilization treatment. Most of these heavy metal and over 80% of salts are removed by a washing as a pre-treatment. However, wastewater which is another pollutant is generated by a washing, then proper treatment should be developed. First the characteristics of incineration ashes collected from two domestic full-sized incinerators were investigated and removal rate of salts and heavy metals from them also studied. The wastewater quality was compared to the criteria of the regulation by analyzing the characteristics of generated wastewater during the washing of incineration ash as a condition of liquid/solid ratio. Also, we tried to used this experimental results for the basic data to develop proper processing technique of municipal waste.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.238-244
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• 2005

This study performs the pilot-plant experiments to evaluate the effect of the oxygen enrichment on the co-incineration of municipal solid waste and organic sludge from a wastewater treatment facility. The design capacity of the stoker-type incinerator pilot-plant is 150 kg/h. Combustion chamber temperatures were measured as well as the stack gas concentrations, i.e., NOx, CO, and the residual oxygen. The maximum ratio of organic sludge waste to the total waste input is 30%. Also the oxygen-enriched air with 23% of oxygen in supplied air is used for stable combustion. As the co-incineration ratio of the sludge increased up to 30% of the total waste input, the primary and the secondary combustion chamber temperature was decreased $to900^{\circ}C$ (primary combustion chamber), $750^{\circ}C$(secondary combustion chamber), respectively, approximately $200^{\circ}C$ below the incineration temperature of the domestic waste only (primary: $1,100^{\circ}C$, secondary: $950^{\circ}C$). However, if the supplied air was enriched to 22% oxygen content in air, the incinerator temperature was high enough to burn the waste mixture with 30% sludge, which has the heating value of 1,600 kcal/kg.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2007

Modern society has moved from a phosphorus recycling loop, where animal manure and human wastes were spread on farming land to recycle nutrients, to a once-through system, where phosphates are extracted from mined, non-renewable phosphate rock and end up either in landfill(sewage sludge, incinerator ash) or in surface waters. In this research, crystallization of nitrogen and phosphate with natural sources of $Mg^{2+}$ in synthetic water was tested. The operational parameters of pH, mixing time, and the magnesium molar ratio were investigated to find optimal conditions of the MAP precipitation using synthetic wastewater. The removal efficiency of phosphate increased with pH up to 11. By MAP precipitaiton of the synthetic waste water, 94% of the phosphate were eliminated at pH 11. It was found that at least 10 minutes mixing time was required and 20 minutes mixing time was recommended for efficient phosphate removal. High efficiency removal of phosphate was possible when the magnesium molar ratio was 1.0~2.0. The comparative study of different magnesium sources showed that coagulants (PAC) was the more efficient sources than only magnesium. The result showed that 97% of phosphate removal. In conclusion, coagulants (PAC) induced crystallization of struvite and hydroxyapatite was shown to be a technically viable process that could prove cost effective for removing phosphate in wastewater.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.413-420
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• 2008

In order to utilize cinder melting slag as a filter media to control the quality of early rainwater, its environmental stability was verified by heavy metal elution experiment and improved by pre-treatment. Possibilities of improving its function as an absorbent was considered. Absorption characteristics of melting slag before and after the pre-treatment were analyzed by heavy metal equilibrium and stationary-phase column experiments, which in turn were analyzed by comparison experiment with activated carbon. As a result of heavy metal elution experiment, every metal item existed in a much lower amount than the criteria or was not detected, implying that there is no problem recycling it. Absorption equilibrium experiment showed that the time for pre-treatment melting slag to reach the equilibrium was reduced, while the absorbed amount was greatly increased. Stationary-phase column experiment assures us that the elimination rate was not changed much by influx rate, pH and the change in packing volume rate, indicating that this melting slag can be used not only as a filter media to control the quality of early rainwater but also in many areas of water-processing.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.901-908
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• 2009

음식물류 폐수를 생활 폐기물 소각로에 직접 분사하여 소각처리 하는 방안에 대하여 검토하였다. 소각설비는 연속 스토카식 실증플랜트를 이용하였다. 그 결과 암모니아성 질소($NH_3$-N)가 다량 함유된 음식물류 폐수를 분사 소각함으로써 질소산화물($NO_x$) 농도저감과 동시에 질소산화물($NO_x$) 저감을 위해 선택적 비촉매 환원장치(selective non-catalytic reduction ; SNCR)에서 사용되는 암모니아($NH_3$)의 사용량을 절감하는 효과를 가져왔다. 또한, 음식물류 폐수를 분사하여 2차 연소실 출구온도를 적정온도인 870~$950^{\circ}C$로 유지하여 소각량을 최대화하는 한편 폐열회수 보일러의 수관외벽 막힘현상 개선을 통한 로의 안정성 확보 및 연속운영기간의 연장을 실현하였다. 질소산화물($NO_x$), 황산화물($SO_x$) 및 다이옥신 등 대기오염물질 26개 항목에 대하여 측정을 실시한 결과 모두 배출허용 기준치 이하의 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.363-376
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• 2003

In this study, the fugitive emission characteristics of airborne volatile organic compounds from different source categories were evaluated with respect to the concentrations measured in the vicinity of the sources. A total of 22 different sources were investigated, including gasoline storage and filling stations, painting spray booth, laundry, printing officer, textile industries, and a number of environmental sanitary facilities such as landfill, wastewater treatment and incineration plants. The target VOCs included 83 individual compounds, which were determined by adsorption sampling and thermal desorption coupled with GC/MS analysis. Overall, the aliphatic compounds appeared to be the most abundant class of compounds in terms of their concentrations, followed by aromatic, and halogenated hydrocarbons. As a single compound, however, toluene was the most abundant one, explaining 11% of the total VOC concentrations as an average of all the dataset. Among source categories, petroleum associated sources such as gasoline storage/filling stations, and laundry factory were identified as the most significant sources of aliphatic hydrocarbons, while aromatic VOCs were dominantly emitted from the sources handling organic solvents, such as painting booth, printing offices, and textile dyeing processes. However. there was no apparent pattern in terms of the contributions of eath group to the total VOCs concentrations in environmental sanitary facilities. It was also found that the activated carbon adsorption tower installed for the VOC emission control in some facilities do not show any effective performances, which may result in the increased VOC levels in the ambient atmosphere.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.315-327
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• 2005

The total of 35 target VOCs (volatile organic compounds), which were included in the TO-14, was selected to develop a VOCs' source profile matrix of the Yeosu Petrochemical Complex and to test its collinearity by singular value decomposition(SVD) technique. The VOCs collected in canisters were sampled from 12 different sources such as 8 direct emission sources (refinery, painting, wastewater treatment plant, incinerator, petrochemical processing, oil storage, fertilizer plant, and iron mill) and 4 general area sources (gasoline vapor emission, graphic art activity, vehicle emission, and asphalt paving activity) in this study area, and then those samples were analyzed by GC/MS. Initially the resulting raw data for each profile were scaled and normalized through several data treatment steps, and then specific VOCs showing major weight fractions were intensively reviewed and compared by introducing many other related studies. Next, all of the source profiles were tested in terms of degree of collinearity by SVD technique. The study finally could provide a proper VOCs' source profile in the study area, which can give opportunities to apply various receptor models properly including chemical mass balance (CMB).

• 환경위생공학
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Currently, medical waste stoker incinerator is widely used in the emission control technology of health-care risk waste and miscellaneous contaminated waste. In the past, wet type control technology was used to remove the major harmful gaseous contaminants of medical waste such as HCl, $NO_x,\;SO_2$, CO, DUST, Dioxin. However, the treatment cost for wastewater was high and it has a disadvantage for frozen system during winter season. Therefore, in order to obtain effective treatment, the dry type control technology was developed and widely used to remove the gaseous contaminants. In this study, pre-coated bag filter using hydrated lime, ($Ca(OH)_2$), was applied to the dry type control system and the optimum dose of hydrated lime was investigated. The treatment results showed that the dust collection rate was approximately 26.7%. Moreover, the HCl removal rate using pre-coated bag filter ($50mg/sm^3\;Ca(OH)_2$) was 13.52%, which was significantly higher than 3.26% obtained from conventional bag filter.