• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.10-20
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• 2008

This study was intended to use an incinerated paper mill sludge ash as cement alternatives in order to derive a method of utilizing the incinerated paper mill sludge ash of low utilization rate in large quantities. Also, the utilization possibility of incinerated paper mill sludge ash as the cement alternative was examined by mixing a polypropylene fiber and cellulose fiber and by considering its control effect for shrinkage cracks caused by an increase of absorption rate and hydration heat, as a weakness shown at the alternation of incinerated paper mill sludge ash.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.35-43
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• 2003

In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of incinerated pulp and sewage sludge ashes for recycling and reuse were examined. Then we studied the application to the cement admixture by pozzolanic reaction. The particle size of incinerated pulp and sewage sludge ashes was distributed around $10{\sim}100{\mu}$, and the contents of $SiO_2$ and $Al_2O_3$ were 45.8~51.0%, respectively. Compressive strengths of the solidified ashes were relatively higher, when the content of substituted incineration ashes was 10% and the porosity was also lower except for the case of sewage sludge ash. As results, it is shown that it may be possible to recycle incinerated pulp sludge ashes as cement admixtures.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.115-119
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• 2010

Neutral red5 (BR 5) adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated. New solid adsorbent was prepared from paper sludge incinerated at $250^{\circ}C$ during 2 hours. Experiments were carried out, in batch system, to remove RB5 dye from the synthetic waste water. Maximum adsorption of 374.98 mg/g at pH 5, at room temperature and contact time of 80 min was obtained. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to interpret the equilibrium isotherm. The Freundlich isotherm fits quite well with the experimental data (with highly regression coefficient $R^2$). The incinerated sludge solid samples untreated and treated with BR5 dye were characterized by FT-IR spectrophotometer.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.5-17
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• 2021

This study is a literature review on the recovering phosphorus from Incinerated Sewage Sludge Ash(ISSA), which has relatively high content of phosphorus. Experimental conditions and influencing factors related to the recovery of P and removal of heavy metals by wet and thermochemical methods were discussed. For the practical application of the recovery of P from ISSA, an integrated process linked to incineration facilities is required in terms of economy from the perspective of the entire system including disposal of wastewater and residues generated during the recovery process, and minimizing added chemicals and energy consumption.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of stabilization disposal and recycling on incinerated paper mill sludge ash as cement additives. It was investigated chemical(pH, ICP, TGA XRD) and physical(PDA, SEM) characteristics of the incineration ash. And the pozzolanic characteristics of incineration ash was applied to cement as additive to increase the compressive strength. The results were that the pH characteristic of incineration ash was strong alkalinity, the content of silica and alumina as a pozzolanic material was 50.97%, and the average particle size was $5.03{\mu}m$ respectively. When the ash contents as cement additive were varied in 0~15%(wt) of cement weight to explore the effect of the compressive strength on the solidified cement mortar, the proper amount of the incineration ash substituted was about 5~l0%(wt). Therefore we found that using the incineration ash as cement additive obtains the recycling of waste material, the stabilization disposal, the reduction of waste disposal expense, and the protection of environmental problem, too.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2016

In recent years, in terms of environmental protection and efficient use of the land, efficient utilization of byproducts and wastes generated in industrial areas are emerging. In this study, for the effective utilization of using ever increasing amount of utilizing sewage sludge incineration ash to increase sewage sludge, it is evaluated the use of as an construction material. After making concrete specimens, it is evaluated compressive strength, carbonation and environmental resistance. From the experimental results, compared with concrete without sewage sludge it is obtained satisfactory results for compressive strength and carbonation and results of the leaching test also satisfies the standard value. So, it is sufficient possibility using of concrete aggregate and the replacement rates is judged to be about 10%.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.28-36
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• 2009

We have closely examined the concentration change characteristics, emission amounts, and the material balance of hazardous air pollutants at both early and later stages of the prevention facilities. These results will be uses as the basic data when preparing for the regulatory and management plans for hazardous air pollutants. The results of the study on heavy metals illustrated that the content of heavy metals in sludge across five facilities were as follows: copper> zinc> chrome> nickel> cadmium> mercury. In terms of heavy metal content in swage sludge, the sludge in incinerating facilities other than the sludge in the D incinerating facility containing industrial water waste, was examined in order to satisfy the ocean contamination standard and fertilizer specifications. Most of the items were shown to have satisfied the emission tolerance standards in the latter part of the prevention facilities(The average elimination rate was over 90%). Therefore, it is concluded that swage sludge containing high-concentrate heavy metals needs to be incinerated rather than recycled as fertilizer.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1169-1177
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• 2007

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of process variables which were forming ability, flow displacement, effective stress, effective strain, fluid vector and products defects on manufactured artificial lightweight aggregate made of both incinerated sewage sludge ash and clay by means of the numerical analysis of a rigid-plastic finite element method. CATIA (3D CAD program) was used for an extrusion metal mold design that was widely used in designing aircraft, automobile and metallic molds. A metal forming analysis program (ATES Co.) had a function of a rigid-plastic finite element method was used to analyze the program. The result of extrusion forming analysis indicated clearly that a shape retention of the manufactured artificial light-weight aggregate could be maintained by increasing the extrusion ratio (increasing compressive strength inside of extrusion die) and decreasing the die angle. The stress concentration of metal mold was increased by increasing an extrusion ratio, and it was higher in a junction of punch and materials, friction parts between a bottom of the punch and inside of a container, a place of die angle and a place of die of metal mold. Therefore, a heat treatment as well as a rounding treatment for stress distribution in the higher stress concentration regions were necessary to extend a lifetime of the metallic mold. A deformity of the products could have made from several factors which were a surface crack, a lack of the shape retention and a crack of inside of the products. Specially, the surface crack in the products was the most notably affected by the extrusion ratio.

• Clean Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

As the interest in environmental problems increased, the guideline of effluent qualities becomes strict and the amount of sludge produced from the wastewater treatment facilities steeply increased. The revised Korean acts prohibit the direct reclamation of the sludge exhausted in sewage treatment works from 2003, and the ocean dump of sludge will be also prohibited from 2012. Therefore, the sludge must be recycled, incinerated or composted. To properly perform the utilization and disposal operations, the establishment of well-defined procedures for the characterization of sludge by physical, chemical and biological method and setting up of guidelines for different treatment and disposal routes has become necessary. However, there have not been such standardized methods for sludge characterization in Korea. This review analyzes the present status of establishment and problems of sludge characterization method of Korea. Finally, it was proposed total 15 items of standardized characterization methods suitable to our country for proper sludge recycling and disposal, which was based on the more systematic standard methods of Germany (DIN 38414) and those of advanced nations.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.793-806
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• 2016

The pozzolanic characteristics of a sludge incinerated into ash were determined in this study. Lime is commonly used as a stabilizer for the treatment of soils, whereas sewage sludge ash (SSA) is often applied with lime to improve soft subgrade soil. In this study, a cohesive soil categorized as A-4 (low-plasticity clay) by AASHTO classifications was mixed with SSA/lime with a 3:1 ratio. Nano-$SiO_2$ was also added to the soil. To identify changes in the workability, strength, permeability, and shear strength of the soft subgrade soil, basic soil tests were conducted, and the microstructure of the treated soil was analyzed. The results indicate that SSA/lime mixtures improve the properties of soft subgrade soil and transform the soil from "poor subgrade soil" to "good to excellent subgrade soil" with a CBR > 8. Additionally, the addition of 2% nano-$SiO_2$ increases the unconfined compressive strength of soft subgrade soil treated with SSA/lime mixture by approximately 17 kPa. However, the swelling of the treated soil increased by approximately 0.1% after the addition of nano-$SiO_2$ and lime. Thus, soil swelling should be considered before lime and nano-$SiO_2$ are applied to soft subgrade soil.