• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.11-17
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• 2006

Purpose: This study aims to suggest clinical basis of physical therapy to skeletal system complication in type II diabetic patients through a variety of analysis methods. Methods: 75 subjects(type II diabetic patients; age from 40 to 80) of this study were participated in BMD(Bone Mineral Density) and Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood test to their skeletal system. Results: Incidence of osteopenea was higher than normal group as women(91.2%) and men(53.5%) in diabetes group. However, women were showed no significantly difference in comparison group. Above age 60(in diabetes group; men and women) showed to highly incidence of osteopenea as well as significantly difference in osteopenea(peripheral neuropathy). As a result of analyzing blood through presence and absence of osteopenea in diabetes group, men were showed significantly difference in DPD/creatinine ratio and women were showed significantly difference in Alkaline phosphatase, Corrected Calcium. Conclusion: This study shows that decreased BMD and increased osteopenea through type II diabetes. Women were particularly lower BMD and higher incidence of osteopenea than men and men influence of type II diabetes on change of BMD was greater than women.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1998

As the result of epidemiological analysis on bovine tuberculosis in Kyonggi province during the last ten years(1987-1996), 1. The annual incidence number of bovine tuberculosis positive farms in Kyonggi province fell down from 81 in 1987 to 14 in 1989. But the incidence is increased since 1990, in 1995 the incidence number was 102 farms of the most incidence. Total number of bovine tuberculosis positive farms were 456 farms(56.7%) in Kyonggi province during the 1987-1996 period. 2. The developmental trends of bovine tuberculosis positive heads was similiar to that of positive farms. Since 1993, the incidence was suddenly increased. Total number of bovine tuberculosis positive heads were 1,015 head(64.3%) in Kyonggi province during the 10 years. 3. Average incidence for rate during the last ten years(1987-1996) was 0.10%. The positive rate was suddenly increased since 1993 and in 1996, the positive rate was 0.23% of the highest incidence. 4. Regional Incidence number of bovine tuberculosis positive heads in Kyonggi province during the last seven years(1990-1996) was the most in Hwasung, Pochon, Pyungtek in order of Incidence and bovine tuberculosis positive density was 1.297% of the highest in Buchon. 5. In 244 farms(82.4%), bovine tuberculosis first occurred during the last seven years (1990-1996) but in farms over second occurrence, the number of bovine tuberculosis positive heads were 520 heads(58.2%).

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.4 s.45
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• pp.199-202
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• 1980

In order to investigate the relationship among the occurrence of bacterial leaf blight, amount of nitrogen application and planting density, a field experiment was carried out with factorial combinations of N levels (7.5, 15, 30kg/10a) and planting densities (10\times20,\;15\times30,\;20\times40cm). The results obtained in this study were; (1) The incidence of bacterial leaf blight was increased with increase of nitrogen application; (2) In double amount of nitrogen application (30kg/10a), the incidence of bacterial leaf blight was higher, regardless of planting density; (3) The incidence of bacterial leaf blight in Standard nitrogen application was significantly higher $(R=0.94^{**})$ than at $15\times30cm$ density and $20\times40cm$ planting density.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-67
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• 2005

The biocontrol agent Serratia plymuthica A21-4 readily colonized on the root of pepper plant and the bacterium moves to newly emerging roots continuously. The colonization of A21-4 on the pepper root was influenced by the presence ofPhytophthora capsici in the soil. When P. capsici was introduced in advance, the population density of A21-4 on the root of pepper plant was sustained more than $10^6$ cfu/g root until 3 weeks after transplanting. On the other hand, in the absence of P. capsici, the population density of A21-4 was reduced continuously and less than $10^5$ cfu/g root at 21 days after transplanting. S. plymuthica A21-4 inhibited successfully the P. capsici population in pepper root and rhizosphere soil. In the rhizosphere soil, the population density of P. capsici was not increased more than original inoculum density when A21-4 was treated, but it increased rapidly in non-treated control. Similarly, the population density of P. capsici sharply increased in the non-treated control, however the population of P. capsici in A21-4 treated plant was not increased in pepper roots. The incidence of Phytophthora blight on pepper treated with A21-4 was 12.6%, while that of non-treated pepper was 74.5% in GSNU experimental farm experiment. And in farmer's vinyl house experiment, the incidence of the disease treated with the fungicide was 27.3%, but treatment of A21-4 resulted in only 4.7% of the disease incidence, showing above 80% disease control efficacy.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2022

Background: There are regional variations in the incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which means that some regions are more exposed to the risk of COVID-19 than others. Therefore, this study aims to investigate regional variations in the incidence of COVID-19 in Korea and identify risk factors associated with the incidence of COVID-19 using community-level data. Methods: This study was conducted at the districts (si·gun·gu) level in Korea. Data of COVID-19 incidence by districts were collected from the official website of each province. Data was also obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service and the Community Health Survey; socio-demographic factor, transmission pathway, healthcare resource, and factor in response to COVID-19. Community risk factors that drive the incidence of COVID-19 were selected using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Results: As of June 2021, the incidence of COVID-19 differed by more than 80 times between districts. Among the candidate factors, sex ratio, population aged 20-29, local financial independence, population density, diabetes prevalence, and failure to comply with the quarantine rules were significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence. Conclusion: This study suggests setting COVID-19 quarantine policy and allocating resources, considering the community risk factors. Protecting vulnerable groups should be a high priority for these policies.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

Currently, amount of export strawberry has been continuously increased to ship many south Asia countries, including Hong Kong and Singapore. In the distribution process, significant damage to the quality has been caused depending on the environmental conditions. Gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea has been known as major damage to the export strawberry, and the disease was caused during shipping and distribution to the final consumers. This study was performed to assess the relationship between pathogen density in packing shed and disease incidence of gray mold during storage period. Maximum gray mold disease incidence in storage period was up to 16% with low temperature condition ($4^{\circ}C$). At room temperature condition, the disease incidence reached up to 100% even densities of the pathogen spore were recorded relatively low in the packing shed. As results of the study, the correlation between pathogen density in the air and disease occurrence clearly clarified.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.214-227
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was aimed at investigating the incidence and risk factors of dyslipidemia in menopausal women using a Korean community-based longitudinal study. Methods: The subjects were 245 postmenopausal women without dyslipidemia who had participated in the Ansan-Ansung cohort study from 2001~2002 (baseline) to 2015~2016 (seventh follow-up visit). The dyslipidemia incidence was measured as incidence proportion (%) and incidence rate per 100 person-years. The predictors of developing dyslipidemia were analyzed with Cox's proportional hazard model. Results: The incidence of new dyslipidemia during the follow-up period was 78.4% (192 patients), and 11.9 per 100 person-years. Mean duration from menopause to developing dyslipidemia was 5.3 years in new dyslipidemia cases. The triglyceride/high density lipoprotein (TG/HDL-C) ratio at baseline (hazard ratio = 2.20; 95% confidence interval = 1.39~3.48) was independently associated with developing dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia occurs frequently in postmenopausal women, principally within five years after menopause. Therefore, steps must be taken to prevent dyslipidemia immediately after menopause, particularly in women with a high TG/HDL-C ratio at the start of menopause.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3617-3619
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• 2012

Background: The completeness of cancer registration is a major validity index of any reported cancer incidence. The present study aimed to evaluate the esophageal cancer incidence registered in the Tehran Metropolitan Area Cancer Registry. Materials and methods: The data on esophageal cancer abstracted from three sources of 1) pathology departments, 2) medical records, and 3) death certificates during 2003 till 2007 were utilized. The completeness of the data sources were evaluated using coverage (defined as the proportion of a community population with esophageal cancer identified by the source) and density (defined as the proportion of non-empty fields of the data by source). Results: A total 1,404 cases of esophageal cancer were reported for the duration of the study. Pathology provided 771, medical records 432, and death certificates 609. The coverage was 0.55 for pathology, 0.31 for medical records, and 0.43 for death certificates. The respective density values were 0.82, 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. Pathology (0.45) was the most complete source followed by medical records (0.42), and death certificates (0.29). Discussion: A low degree of completeness dictates putting more effort into case finding plus abstracting data more thoroughly.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2004

It is known that the transportation stress of market pigs can affect their carcass quality and that blood concentrations of glucose, creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are indicators of the transportation stress. Fifty-seven gilts and 57 barrows weighing approximately 110 kg were randomly assigned into six groups in a 3 [high (0.31 $m^2/100$ kg BW)-, medium (0.35 $m^2$)- and low (0.39 $m^2$)-stocking densities]${\times}2$[1 h vs. 3 h transportation time] arrangement of treatments. Blood samples were taken during transportation and after 2 h lairage. The percentage of "standing" animals during transportation was less in the low- than in the mediumor high-stocking density; the opposite was true for the "sitting" posture. Plasma concentrations of glucose, CK and LDH increased after loading and declined to the resting levels after lairage. Concentrations of CK and LDH were greater in the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation group. Moreover, the LDH concentration was less in the low- than in the medium- or high-density group. Also detected was a significant interaction between the stocking density and transportation time in all of these blood variables. The incidence of pale, soft and exudative (PSE) carcass was greatest in the high-stocking density group. Interestingly, the PSE incidence increased following the 3 h vs. 1 h transportation at the low-density, but not at the medium-density. Results suggest that the medium-density may be preferable to the lowdensity in the long-distance transportation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the epidemiological characteristics of school accidents in middle school students. Methods: The subjects in this study were the students of a middle school in Gangnung. The study period was one semester, from March 2 to July 15, 1999. Data were collected by one of the authors using a structured questionnaire, and the subjects who had school accidents and visited the school health care office were interviewed. The data was analyzed using the SPSS and SAS programs. Results: The semester incidence rate per 100 students was 31.6 cases. The daily accident rate was 2.8 cases, and the accident incidence density was 2.6 cases per 1,000 students days. The mean of accident incidence was 1.7 per student. The incidence was the highest in June. The most frequent cause of accidents was carelessness, and the accidents were most frequent at recess. Conclusion: It is necessary to conduct the analytic epidemiological study to identify the risk factors of school accidents.