• 정보과학회 논문지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.713-722
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• 2015

OSS(Open-Source Software)의 사용 증가와 함께 라이선스 위반, 취약한 소스코드 재사용 등에 의한 분쟁 및 피해가 빈번해지고 있다. 이에, 실행파일(바이너리) 수준에서 프로그램에 OSS 모듈이 포함되었는지 여부를 확인하는 기술이 필요해졌다. 본 논문에서는 바이너리에서 함수 수준의 특징정보를 사용하여 OSS 모듈을 탐지하는 기법을 제안한다. 기존 소프트웨어 특징정보(버스마크) 기반 도용 탐지 기법들은 프로그램 전체 간 유사성을 비교하기 때문에 프로그램의 일부로 포함된 OSS 모듈들을 탐지하는데 부적합하다. 본 논문에서는, 함수 수준의 실행명령어, 제어 흐름 그래프(Control Flow Graph)와 개선된 함수 수준 구조적 특징정보를 추출하고 유사성을 비교하여 OSS 모듈의 임의 사용 여부를 탐지한다. 제안기법의 효율성과 각 특징정보들의 OSS 탐지 성능을 평가하기 위해, 특징정보량, OSS 모듈 탐지 시간 및 정확도, 컴파일러 최적화에 대한 강인성을 실험하였다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권3호통권71호
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• pp.86-99
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• 2007

Objectives : Cancer patients who are afraid of unpleasant therapy and doubt a perfect cure often seek out traditional Korean medicine or many other kinds of complementary and alterative medicine (CAM) instead. This study was carried out in order to learn the prevalence and kinds of the traditional Korean medicine and CAM to evaluate awareness of and attitude toward it. Methods : 213 patients with gastric cancer who had undergone surgery in the department of gastrointestinal surgery and visited for routine follow-up from November to December of 2004 were included. A questionnaire survey was done by trained interviewers for CAM and demographic information. Results : 96.7% of patients had experience with CAM. The kinds and frequencies of CAM were diet and nutrition 21.0%, folk remedy 21.0%, pharmacological treatment 13.5%, oriental medicine 5.3% and mind-body intervention 1.4%. 56.8% of patients had experienced 2-6 kinds of CAM, 37.4% more than 7. Among diet and nutrition, ginseng (62.9%) was highest, followed by ox leg bone soup (50.8%) and pumpkin (31.5%). Among the folk remedies, elm tree was highest at 46.5%, followed by phellinus linteus (Sang-Whang) at 26.8% and ganoderma lucidum (Young-Gee) 20.7%.satisfaction with CAM was relatively low (43.2%), many patients (78.2%) replied that they would use it continuously. Conclusion : Most patients had experience with many kinds of CAM, but didn't discuss it with medical doctors. If scientific study proves whether or not each kind of CAM is actually effective ondisease, it will help to improve the health of patients and prevent the inappropriate usage and cost.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study compared two measures of traffic flow effectiveness on roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections and determined the more appropriate measure. METHODS : In addition to average delay time, the conventionally used measure, average travel time was introduced to measure traffic flow effectiveness because it is able to be obtained through field survey and reflect different travel distances and speed limits of roundabouts and signalized intersections. Using the two measures, roundabouts and signalized intersections were compared through simulations in terms of traffic flow effectiveness. RESULTS : For one-way single-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the traffic volume was less than 300 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 450 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 350~400 vphpl. For one-way double-lane roads, the two measures indicated consistent results that roundabouts were more effective than were signalized intersections when the volume was less than 200 vphpl but vice versa when it exceeded 400 vphpl; however, the measures yielded inconsistent results when the volume was 250~350 vphpl. The results obtained using the two measures differed substantially for double-lane roads because behaviors such as weaving and lane changing at roundabouts are more common in double-lane roads than in single-lane roads. CONCLUSIONS : The average delay time would be lower on roads with roundabouts, but average travel time would be lower on roads with signalized intersections. Thus, evaluating the relative effectiveness of roads with roundabouts and signalized intersections by using average delay time alone would be inappropriate, whereas using average travel time as the evaluation index would yield fairer results.

• 셀메드
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.3.1-3.3
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• 2015

Pharmacovigilance is the study of the safety of drugs under the practical conditions of clinical usage in large communities. Aim of this study was to assess the pharmacovigilance awareness among a focus group of Ayurveda physicians in Sri Lanka who participated for their postgraduate studies. A questionnaire which was suitable for assessing the basic knowledge, attitude and the practice of pharmacovigilance was designed and submitted among group of Ayurveda physicians (n = 30) who participated for postgraduate studies in Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. Among participants30% of the subjects knew the term pharmacovigilance, 20% were aware of the unavailability of the National Pharmacovigilance Program for Ayurveda and Traditional Medicine in Sri Lanka, 70% believe about Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) may be occurred from Ayurveda medicine, 60% indicated that Most labeled counterfeit drugs, inappropriate use and standardization problems as the most important causes of ADRs associated with Ayurvedicdrugs, 70% physicians accepted their ignorance about pharmacovigilance and admitted that there was a need for better training of this subject and 90% admitted that there should be a national pharmacovigilance programme for Ayurveda medicines in Sri Lanka. We strongly suggest that there is an urgent need for a regular training and the introduce ADRs reporting system among the Ayurveda physicians. Also systematic pharmacovigilance programme is essential to build up for reliable information on the safety and effective practice of Ayurveda medicine in Sri Lanka.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.441-449
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• 2000

이진 볼륨 데이타(binary volume data)는 외과 수술 시뮬레이션(surgical simulation)이나 컬러 볼륨 렌더링과 같이 그레이-스케일 볼륨(gray-scale volume)을 이용하기에는 부적절한 분야에서 유용 하게 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 이진 볼륨을 효과적으로 표현하기 위해서 새로운 자료구조인 슬라이스 기반 이진 쉘(SBS : Slice-based Binary Shell)을 제안하고, 이 자료구조를 이용한 렌더링 알고리즘도 함께 제시한다. 슬라이스 기반 이진 쉘은 렌더링을 위해 필요한 최소한의 표면 복셀(surface voxel)들을 슬라이스 순으로 저장하고 복셀 좌표의 직접 계산을 가능하게 하기 때문에, 다중 개체(multiple objects)를 포함하고 있는 볼륨을 렌더링할 때 매우 효율적이다. 본 논문에서 제시하고 있는 슬라이스 기반 이진 쉘의 렌더링 알고리즘은 특별한 렌더링 가속 하드웨어가 없는 PC에서 100개 이상의 이진 개체들을 1초 내에 렌더링할 수 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권23호
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• pp.10355-10361
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• 2015

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules found in multicellular eukaryotes which are implicated in development of cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Expression is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow (or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. Interactions result in biological signal control networks. Materials and Methods: Molecular components involved in cSCC were here assembled at abnormally expressed, related and global levels. Networks at these three levels were constructed with corresponding biological factors in term of interactions between miRNAs and target genes, TFs and miRNAs, and host genes and miRNAs. Up/down regulation or mutation of the factors were considered in the context of the regulation and significant patterns were extracted. Results: Participants of the networks were evaluated based on their expression and regulation of other factors. Sub-networks with two core TFs, TP53 and EIF2C2, as the centers are identified. These share self-adapt feedback regulation in which a mutual restraint exists. Up or down regulation of certain genes and miRNAs are discussed. Some, for example the expression of MMP13, were in line with expectation while others, including FGFR3, need further investigation of their unexpected behavior. Conclusions: The present research suggests that dozens of components, miRNAs, TFs, target genes and host genes included, unite as networks through their regulation to function systematically in human cSCC. Networks built under the currently available sources provide critical signal controlling pathways and frequent patterns. Inappropriate controlling signal flow from abnormal expression of key TFs may push the system into an incontrollable situation and therefore contributes to cSCC development.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.123-137
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the current nutritional labeling practices in the processed foods industry. Package labels provide consumers with reliable nutritional information, which has been considered a useful aid for food selection and a potent educational tool for nutrition in a daily life. To assess the nutritional composition labeling and nutritional claims on the food package labels in the Korean market, 2,691 processed foods were purchased from a wholesale market in August, 2004, under the food categories specified in the 2004 Food Code. Nutritional composition labels were found on 674 out of the 2,691 processed foods items. The study findings were as follows. Milk and dairy products showed the highest percentage(56.6%) of nutritional composition labeling among the food categories, while 86.2% of processed foods carried inappropriate types of nutrition labels. The title of nutritional composition labeling was ordered according to the nutritional composition presented on the top part of the box. The regulations method which it indicates was 77.8%. The expression unit of the nutritional composition labeling was per 100g(32.8%) or per OOg (29.4%). Of total processed foods, 83(3.1%) offered nutritional claims in their labels. These claims were divided into two ways: nutrient content claims and nutrient comparative claims. The most frequently used term in nutrient content claims was "contained"(67.2%). "More" or "Plus" were frequently used term in nutrient comparative claims(11.2%). Calcium was the most popular among nutrients claimed by processed foods(34.3%).

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 영역 기반 부호화를 위해 영상 분할 과정에서 요구되는 수리형태학 기반의 새로운 Connected Operator를 제안한다 참조 영상(Reference Image)의 선택에 있어 크기와 대조를 동시에 고려하는 효과적인 참조 영상 선택 방법을 제안한다 이는 시각적으로 중요한 요소를 보존하고 불필요한 영역은 제거함으로써 단순화 성능을 높일 수 있다 또한 기존 Connected Operator는 작은 크기의 요소들에 대해서는 좋은 결과를 보이지만 정의된 요소보다 크고 천천히 변화하는 영역에 대해서는 인접영역의 간섭으로 인해 단순화의 효과가 상당히 떨어지게 된다는 문제점이 있다 이를 보완하기위해 기존의 Geodesic Dilation 방법을 적응적으로 개선시키기 위해 원영상으로 복원된 화소는 연산과정에서 제외시킨다 제안하는 참조 영상 선택의 기준과 개체 영역을 고려한 개선된 Geodesic Dilation을 이용하여 크기와 대조를 고려한 새로운 Connected Operator를 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 중요 요소의 제거를 줄이고 화질을 개선시키며, 지역 최대/최소(Regional Maximum/Minimum)인 커다란 영역으로부터 발생하는 방해를 효과적으로 줄일 수 있다 실험 결과에 대한 주관적 평가에서 동일한 조건의 경우 제안하는 알고리즘이 기존 알고리즘보다 평탄면 생성이 더 우수함을 보였으며, 특히 객관적인 평가에서는 같은 영역 개수에 대해 기존의 연산자보다 평균 7dB정도 우수함을 확인하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.683-693
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• 1997

Urinary incontinence is defined as the involuntary and inappropriate loss of urine to failure to emit normal responses as the bladder fills, or inability to reach the bathroom in sufficient time. This study was undertaken to estimate the incidence of urinary incontinence and to determine the correlates of urinary incontinence among women. Subjects of this survey consisted of 408 women, 26 to 83 years old in Incheon. The results of this study are as follows. 1. Of the subjects 50.7% reported urine loss once or twice per year and 28.5% reported incontinence on a regular basis at least once per month. 2. 40.5% of women reported small volume accidents of only 1 to 2 drops, 31.4% ; 1 t-spoon, 16.9% : 1 T-spoon, while 10.1% of women couldn't estimate the volume of urine loss. 3. The volume of urine loss was great enough to require a change of garment (undergarments or outer garments) in 73%. But only 3.8% of those used some type of pads. 4. 56.5% of incontinent women didn't talk about their urinary incontinence with other persons because they felt that urinary incontinence was shameful(38.4%), was not a disease(31.6%), was incurable in spite of treatment(27.4%) and was fearful of being uncured (2.6%). 5. Only 15.5% of urinary incontinent women had sought treatment. 6. The incidence of urinary incontinence was significantly higher in women who had more pariety and uterine-ovarian disease, older age, worrying about where toilets were when they visited new places or voiding anxiety, nocturia and frequency, but was significantly lower in women who had coffee intake. The incidence of urinary incontinence was not related to smoking and enuresis. The results indicate that urinary incontinence is common among young and middle-aged women. That few seek treatment for urinary incontinence suggests a need for more information about women's attitudes toward urinary incontinence and more attention to this problem by health care providers.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.224-236
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• 2011

본 연구는 정상교합자의 치열궁과 기저골 형태를 파악하기 위해 시행하였다. 정상교합자 27명(남-15명: 25Y $10M{\pm}4Y$ 4M/여-12명: 26Y $1M{\pm}7Y$ 4M)을 대상으로 두개골의 전산화 단층촬영을 시행하고 입체영상을 제작한 뒤, 상악 중절치의 FA point의 중점을 원점으로 하는 3차원 좌표계를 형성하였다. 또한 상악 교합평면과 평행한 면으로 절단하여 상하악의 치열궁과 기저골의 형태에 대해 분석하였다. 상하악기저골은 A point, B point 부위와 양측 제1대구치 부위의 좌표에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한 상하악의 치열궁은 기저골악궁에 비해 전치부에서 순측으로 위치하였다. 또한 치열궁과 기저골악궁의 협설측 교차는 상악은 대구치 부위에서, 하악은 소구치 부위에서 이루어졌다.