• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.37
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• pp.33.1-33.9
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• 2015

Background: The porion (Po) is used to construct the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane for cephalometrics, and the external auditory meatus (EAM) is to transfer and mount the dental model with facebow. The classical assumption is that EAM represents Po by the parallel positioning. However, we are sometimes questioning about the possible positional disparity between Po and EAM, when the occlusal cant or facial midline is different from our clinical understandings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the positional parallelism of Po and EAM in facial asymmetries, and also to investigate their relationship with the maxillary occlusal cant. Methods: The 67 subjects were classified into three groups. Group I had normal subjects with facial symmetry ($1.05{\pm}0.52mm$ of average chin deviation) with minimal occlusal cant (<1.5 mm). Asymmetry group II-A had no maxillary occlusal cant (average $0.60{\pm}0.36$), while asymmetry group II-B had occlusal cant (average $3.72{\pm}1.47$). The distances of bilateral Po, EAM, and mesiobuccal cusp tips of the maxillary first molars (Mx) from the horizontal orbital plane (Orb) and the coronal plane were measured on the three-dimensional computed tomographic images. Their right and left side distance discrepancies were calculated and statistically compared. Results: EAM was located 10.3 mm below and 2.3 mm anterior to Po in group I. The vertical distances from Po to EAM of both sides were significantly different in group II-B (p=0.001), while other groups were not. Interside discrepancy of the vertical distances from EAM to Mx in group II-B also showed the significant differences, as compared with those from Po to Mx and from Orb to Mx. Conclusions: The subjects with facial asymmetry and prominent maxillary occlusal cant tend to have the symmetric position of Po but asymmetric EAM. Some caution or other measures will be helpful for them to be used during the clinical procedures.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.56-68
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• 2000

Objectives : To describe health behaviors related to hypertension in rural population of Korea and focused to identify inappropriate awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension. Methods : We surveyed 5,517 adults (2,288 males, 3,229 females) older than 30 years in 58 rural areas, purposely sampled nationwide from December 1996 to February 1997. Blood Pressure was checked twice af the time of the first visit. For those who showed high blood pressure using the JNC-6 criteria at their initial visit, we followed up their blood pressure one week later. Also information on the health behavior related to hypertension was collected through the person-to-person interview using structured questionnaire at the first visit. Results : For the past one year, females had more experiences of checking their blood pressure than males (77.3% versus 69.5%, p=0.001). Through the results of consecutively checked blood pressure, only 51.7% of the hypertensives were aware of their condition. Of the hypertensives who aware of their condition, 44.4% did not receive any medication and/or recommendation. And 50.4% of the hypertensives who had anti-hypertensive medication were classified as still having hypertensive blood pressure by 160/95 mmHg criteria. Of the medicated, 54.8% were found to take medication regularly for the past six months. Among the medicated, only 11.4% knew the name of anti-hypertensive drug they had. Conclusions : 'Rule of halves', which works in the situation of no special efforts for hypertension control, was identified. This study showed that much efforts to control hypertension would be required in the rural population of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2005

Recently, the number of elderly people in the rural area of Korea has increased remarkably and their food security has become deteriorated mainly due to the low economic status. To investigate the food security for the elderly people, relevant data were obtained by offering questionnaire to the rural elderly people who were engaging in traditional agricultural production for daily foods. The subjects of 1870 were collected in 9 provinces according to PPS(Probability Proportional to Size). Questionnaire contained the items of dietary habit, food cultivation, Production and Preservation, and the suey was conducted by trained interviewers. SAS (ver 8.1) was used for statistical analyses in which Chi-square tests and General Linear Models were made. Family of the elderly people was $45.4\%$ of the total and the characteristics of elderly families were that age of male head was 82.1 years and that of female was 67.7 years, and that $68.8\%$ of elderly women were working for family income or pocket money. The elderly families' food cultivation state was surveyed and they were pepper$(59.1\%)$, chinese cabbage$(61.91\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ for their own consumption. But, bean sprout$(6.5\%)$, tofu$(7.7\%)$ and egg$(5.1\%)$ showed low rate of cultivation for the family. The rate of cultivating chinese cabbage$(61.9\%)$, and sesame$(48.6\%)$ was significantly higher than that of middle aged family. At the status of fermented food production for the elderly family, Doenjang$(87.4\%)$ and Gochujang$(86.3\%)$ Kanjang$(84.0\%)$ Kimchi$(92.9\%)$ Jangachi$(27.6\%)$ and Meju$(91.61\%)$maintained higher rate than that of middle aged families' Food preservation of elderly families was low and there are just jam$(5.3\%)$ and bottled products$(1.4\%)$. A little higher rate was observed lot the preserved food such as alcohol$(9.9\%)$ and powder$(9.8\%)$. For the elderly family the score of food cultivation was 4.08/12 points and that of food preservation was 0.62/12 points. The score of fermented food production for elderly family was 10.24/12 points which was significantly different from that of middle aged family (9.58/12 points, p<0.001). This result suggests that for the elderly people food with more protein is needed for production.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.154-162
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• 2017

The aim of study was to identify the reliability and validity of an evaluation tool developed on the basis of performance outcome in Women's Health Nursing simulation practicum. A total of 110 undergraduate nursing students were recruited from one college. Data collection of this study was conducted between August and December of 2014. The data were analyzed using factor analysis, multitrait/multi-item matrix analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha with SPSS win 20.0 program. An exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the four-factor structures of 10 items explained 68.2% of the total variance. It was significantly correlated with the Critical Thinking Disposition scale(r=.42, p <.001). The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89,ranging from 0.61 to 0.92. The results of this study support the reliability and validity of this evaluation tool. It could be a useful tool in evaluating the performance outcome in simulation practicum for nursing students.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2023

Object : This study aimed to identify the factor structure of Korean-Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 Dysregulation Profile (K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP) in infants and toddlers with mental disorders and verify differences in K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP among the diagnosis groups. Methods : The participants were 265 mothers of infants and toddlers with mental disorders who completed K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP. The data was analyzed using AMOS 25.0 and SPSS 25.0. Results : First, the bifactor model was the most suitable for the factor structure of the K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP. Second, there were significant differences among the diagnosis groups, such as communication disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, emotional disorders, and developmental delays. It was confirmed that the pervasive developmental disorder and emotional disorder groups showed significantly higher dysregulation compared with the communication disorder group. Conclusion : This study confirmed that infants and toddlers had dysregulation problems. Using the bifactor model, the multidimensional nature of the K-CBCL 1.5-5 DP was assessed. It was also meaningful that dysregulation could contribute to onset and deepening of symptoms of pervasive developmental disorders and emotional disorders in infancy.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.559-567
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• 2021

Objective: To evaluate the impact of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) before confirmatory prostate biopsy in patients under active surveillance (AS). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 170 patients with Gleason grade 6 prostate cancer initially enrolled in an AS program between 2011 and 2019. Prostate mpMRI was performed using a 1.5 tesla (T) magnetic resonance imaging system with a 16-channel phased-array body coil. The protocol included T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging sequences. Uroradiology reports generated by a specialist were based on prostate imaging-reporting and data system (PI-RADS) version 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on regression models. Results: The reclassification rate at confirmatory biopsy was higher in patients with suspicious lesions on mpMRI (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) (n = 47) than in patients with non-suspicious mpMRIs (n = 61) and who did not undergo mpMRIs (n = 62) (66%, 26.2%, and 24.2%, respectively; p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (PI-RADS score ≥ 3) was associated (adjusted odds ratio: 4.72) with the risk of reclassification at confirmatory biopsy after adjusting for the main variables (age, prostate-specific antigen density, number of positive cores, number of previous biopsies, and clinical stage). Presence of a suspicious mpMRI finding (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.62) was also associated with the risk of progression to active treatment during the follow-up. Conclusion: Inclusion of mpMRI before the confirmatory biopsy is useful to stratify the risk of reclassification during the biopsy as well as to evaluate the risk of progression to active treatment during follow-up.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.338-348
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• 2023

Objective: Patients with a history of ischemic stroke are at risk for a second ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid plaque enhancement on perfluorobutane microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and future recurrent stroke, and to determine whether plaque enhancement can contribute to risk assessment for recurrent stroke compared with the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS). Materials and Methods: This prospective study screened 151 patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic plaques at our hospital between August 2020 and December 2020. A total of 149 eligible patients underwent carotid CEUS, and 130 patients who were followed up for 15-27 months or until stroke recurrence were analyzed. Plaque enhancement on CEUS was investigated as a possible risk factor for stroke recurrence and as a possible adjunct to ESRS. Results: During follow-up, 25 patients (19.2%) experienced recurrent stroke. Patients with plaque enhancement on CEUS had an increased risk of stroke recurrence events (22/73, 30.1%) compared to those without plaque enhancement (3/57, 5.3%), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 38.264 (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.975-97.767; P < 0.001) according to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis, indicating that the presence of carotid plaque enhancement was a significant independent predictor of recurrent stroke. When plaque enhancement was added to the ESRS, the HR for stroke recurrence in the high-risk group compared to that in the low-risk group (2.188; 95% CI, 0.025-3.388) was greater than that of the ESRS alone (1.706; 95% CI, 0.810-9.014). A net of 32.0% of the recurrence group was reclassified upward appropriately by the addition of plaque enhancement to the ESRS. Conclusion: Carotid plaque enhancement was a significant and independent predictor of stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the addition of plaque enhancement improved the risk stratification capability of the ESRS.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.187-192
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• 2024

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between meat quality and muscle-to-fat ratio in specific cuts of pork (pork belly and Boston butt) utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-eight pigs were selected, and 24 hours post-slaughter, pork belly and Boston butt samples were individually extracted from the left half carcass for MRI assessment. The MRI scans were reviewed using the Picture Archiving and Communications System. Muscle and fat volumes in the pork belly and Boston butt from the cross-sectional images captured by MRI were estimated using Vitrea workstation version 7. Subsequently, these data were processed using Vitrea post-processing software to automatically determine the volumes, measured in milliliters (mL). Additionally, a three-dimensional reconstruction of the organ being studied was generated. The relationship between regions (pork belly and Boston butt) was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and statistical analysis was conducted using Graph Pad Prism 8. The muscle-to-fat ratio determined by MRI for pork belly was 1 : 0.64, whereas for Boston butt it was 1 : 0.35. Results of comparing the muscle-fat ratio, the correlation coefficient between pork belly and Boston butt was found to be 0.6127 (R² = 0.3754, p < 0.001) based on MRI analysis. As a result of measuring the muscle-to-fat ratio using MRI as a non-destructive approach, there was a positive correlation between the muscle-to-fat ratios of pork belly and Boston butt.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.95-103
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• 2001

연구목적: 본 연구는 생쥐 preantral follicles의 체외 배양 조건을 확립하고 이를 기초로 높은 체외 발달률 그리고 산자 생산률을 얻고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법 : Preantral follicles의 oocyte-granulosa cell complexes (OGCs)는 생후 12일된 FI ($C57BL{\times}CBA$)으로부터 난소를 적출하여 효소를 이용한 방법을 통해 획득하였다. 회수된 complexes는 10일 또는 12일 동안 체외 성장을 위해 Transwell-COL membrane insert로 옮겨졌고 5% FBS, 100 mIU/ml FSH, 100 mIU/ml hMC가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 배양되었다. 체외 성숙을 위해 1.5 IU/ml hCG가 첨가된 ${\alpha}MEM$에서 18 hrs 배양을 실시하였다. 그 후 M16에서 수정능력이 획득된 정자와 수정을 하여 4 hrs, 7 hts, 9 hrs 후에 10% FBS가 첨가된 modified M16 배양액에서 4일간 배양하거나 또는 bovine cumulus cell과 co-culture를 실시하였다. 그리고 형태적으로 정상적인 22개의 상실배와 포배를 2마리의 위임신 대리모 (ICR)의 자궁에 이식하여 산자 생산을 유도하였다. 결과: 1) OGCs 크기가 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 $120{\sim}150{\mu}m$의 preantral follicles (MII: 33.0%, 난할률: 36.7%, 상실배 이상; 20.9%)은 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 있어서 $70{\sim}110{\mu}m$ (MII: 12.2%, 난할률: 10.2%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%)보다 더 높았다(p<0.001). 2)체외 성장기간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicles의 핵 및 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 10일 (난할률: 38.2%)은 12일 (난할률: 20.0%)보다 난할률에서만 더 높았다 (p<0.01). 3) 체외 수정 시간의 연장이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질 성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 9 hrs (난할룰 31.5%, 상실배 이상: 14.3%)은 4 hrs (난할률: 17.5%, 상실배 이상: 4.8%), 7 hrs (난할률: 20.4%, 상실배 이상: 6.1%) 보다 세포질성숙에 있어서 유의하게 높은 발달률을 나타냈다 (p<0.01). 4) 공배양이 mouse preantral follicle의 세포질성숙에 미치는 영향을 조사하였을 때 공배양 (상실배 이상: 17.4%)을 실시했을 때와 M16 (상실배 이상17.4%)에서 배양되었을 때는 차이가 없었다. 5)preantral follicle의 크기 ($120{\sim}150{\mu}m$), 체외 성장기간 (10일), 체외 수정 기간 (9시간), 배양 환경 (단지 medium만 존재)의 적절한 결과들을 종합하여 수행하였을 때 MII 성숙률, 난할률, 상실배 이상의 발달률은 30.2%, 39.3%, 22.5%이었고 총 22개의 상실배 및 포배를 2마리의 대리모에 이식했을 때 1마리가 임신했고 1마리의 산자를 생산했다. 결론: 따라서, 본 실험은 preantral follicle을 이용한 체외 배양 시스템이 생쥐 oocyte를 공급하는 또 다른 방법으로 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.660-672
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• 2024

This study aimed to suggest the usability and optimal amount of Orostachys japonicas in foods. Orostachys japonicus powder was added at 0% (Con), 3% (O3), 5% (O5), 7% (O7), and 9% (O9) to rice muffins and the quality and antioxidant characteristics of the muffins were determined. The moisture content and pH of the muffins decreased as the amount of Orostachys japonicus powder added increased. The weight increased as the amount of Orostachys japonicas powder added increased, but the volume, specific volume, and baking loss rate decreased. The L-and b-values of the muffins decreased as the a-value increased. The texture, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of muffins increased while adhesiveness, springiness, and cohesiveness decreased. Polyphenol, flavonoid, DPPH, and ABTS⁺ radical scavenging activity, as well as reducing power, increased as the amount of Orostachys japonicus powder added increased. In the sensory test, the 5-7% addition group showed high scores in appearance, flavor, taste, texture, and overall preference. The degree of flavor and astringency of muffins, which are evaluation items for characteristic strength, increased as the amount of Orostachys japonicus powder added increased, and the level of moistness decreased. Therefore, the addition of 5-7% of Orostachys japonicus powder is thought to have a positive effect on the muffins. The purpose of this study was to suggest the usability and optimal addition amount of Orostachys japonicus powder and to provide basic data on foods with Orostachys japonicus added.