• PNF and Movement
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of unstable loads on core and lower limb muscle activity during squatting. Methods: Nineteen subjects (all females) with resistance experience but no unstable resistance experience participated in the study. Subjects performed squats under three load conditions, and core and lower limb muscle activity was measured during eccentric and concentric contractions. Results: During the eccentric contraction, core and hip flexor activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell or resistance band, and for the quadriceps, the resistance band was significantly higher than the barbell. During the concentric contraction phase, core and hamstring muscle activity was significantly higher with the aqua bag than with the barbell and elastic band (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Squats with an aqua bag increase core and biceps brachii activation and can be recommended as a training method to improve trunk stability.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.241-251
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• 1991

In order to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng extract and it's degree in mucociliary change of mice nasal septum epithelia exposured to sulfur dioxide, 96 ICR male mice were used. They were at first divided the 4th week, the 8th week or the 16th week groups according to the age after birth and 6 hour or 12 hour groups according to the $SO_2$ gas exposured hour in a day, and at control, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg injection groups according to the dosage of the freeze-drying powder of the ginseng extract which was injected into the mouse peritoneal cavities in the condition of the solution solved with physiological saline solution. Each subgroups which were divided finaly included 4 male mice. The histological tissue sections for observation were made from nasal septum, posterior nasal orfice and trachea. The results obtained by experiments were summarized as followings. 1. The loss of the nasal mucosa epithelial cilia of the mouse exponsure to the $SO_2$ gas after ginseng extract injection was apparently diminish eompare to those exposured only $SO_2$ gas without pretreatment of ginseng extract (p<0.01). 2. The inhibition effect for the loss of nasal mucocilia according to the ginseng extract dosages not found in this research (p>0.05). 3. There were differences in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time between the control group and ginseng extract pretreatment group (p<0.01). 4. According to the increase of the postnatal time, there were remarkable differences between the control group and the ginseng extract pretreatment groups in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia (p<0.01). 5. Ciliary changes of the posterior nasal orifice and trachea according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time, mice age and ginseng dosages, were not dearly observed in this light microscopical observation.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1002-1011
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: The prognostic impact of left axis deviation (LAD) on clinical outcomes in acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) with left bundle branch block (LBBB) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of axis deviation in acute heart failure patients with LBBB. Methods: Between March 2011 and February 2014, 292 consecutive AHFS patients with LBBB were recruited from 10 tertiary university hospitals. They were divided into groups with no LAD (n=189) or with LAD (n=103) groups according to QRS axis <-30 degree. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: The median follow-up duration was 24 months. On multivariate analysis, the rate of all-cause death did not significantly differ between the normal axis and LAD groups (39.7% vs. 46.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 0.66, 1.53; p=0.97). However, on the multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the predictors of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), presence of LAD significantly predicted a worse LVEF (adjusted beta, -3.25; 95% confidence interval, -5.82, -0.67; p=0.01). Right ventricle (RV) dilatation was defined as at least 2 of 3 electrocardiographic criteria (late R in lead aVR, low voltages in limb leads, and R/S ratio <1 in lead V5) and was more frequent in the LAD group than in the normal axis group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Among the AHFS with LBBB patients, LAD did not predict mortality, but it could be used as a significant predictor of worse LVEF and RV dilatation (Trial registry at KorAHF registry, ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01389843).

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-89
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• 2013

The purposes of this study was to describe the clinical correlation of mass size and gestational age, prognostic factors in sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) at a tertiary pediatric surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center (AMC), Seoul, Korea. Fifty five patients admitted to the AMC with a SCT between May 1989 and April 2013 were included in this retrospective review. Mean follow up was 861 days. Mean maternal age at delivery was $30{\pm}2.7$ year, mean gestational age (GA) was $36.9{\pm}3.6$ wks, and preterm delivery was 21.8%. Birth body weight was $3182{\pm}644$ g and male vs. female ratio was 1:2.05. We can't find significant difference between Caesarean section and maternal age at delivery (p =0.817). But, caesarean section was favored by gestational age (p = 0.002), larger tumor size (p =0.029) or higher tumor weight fraction rate to birth body weight (p =0.024). Type I was 13, II 21, III 17, and IV 3 according to Altman et al. classification. The tumor component was predominantly cystic(> 50%) in 73.1 %. And the majority histological classification of tumors were mature teratoma (70.3%). The motality rate was 5.5%. Three patients expired because of postpartum bleeding, post-op bleeding related complication such as DIC. SCT recurred in four patients. The interval between first and second operation was $206.2{\pm}111.0$ d (range 53~325 d). In two patients, serum AFP levels were elevated at a regular checkup without any symptom, and subsequent imaging studies revealed SCT. The most common cause of death was bleeding and bleeding related complication. So Caesarean section and active peripartum and perioperative management will be needed for huge solid SCT. In the case of Yolk sac tumor or huge immature teratoma, possibility of recurrence have to be always considered, so follow up by serial AFP and MRI is important for SCT management.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.463-472
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• 2019

This study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of morning bread containing various amounts of aronia sourdough starter. Morning breads were prepared with different volumes (0% (AS0), 15% (AS1), 25% (AS2), and 35% (AS3)) of aronia sourdough starter based on wheat flour. In AS3 group (35% added group), the specific volume and baking loss rate were the highest but the bread height was the lowest. When the aronia sourdough starter was added up to 25%, the expansion power, specific volume, and bread height were significantly increased (P<0.05). According to the added amount of sourdough starters, the lightness and yellowness of the morning bread were decreased, however, redness was increased (P<0.05). In the rheology analysis, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness were significantly decreased with increasing amounts of aronia sourdough starters (P<0.05). However, cohesiveness was the highest in the AS2 group (25% added group). In consumer preference, the highest scores were shown in AS2 group (25% added group) in color, texture, and appearance. The total polyphenol and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability were both significantly increased along with aronia sourdough content (P<0.05). In conclusion, morning bread with 25% aronia sourdough starter showed the best quality characteristics and antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.587-593
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• 2006

The circuit of the EEFL system and the inverter has been analyzed into the resistance RL, the capacitance C of the EEFL-backlight system, and the inductance of transformer in the inverter. The lamp resistance and capacitance are deter-mined from the phase difference is between the lamp current and voltage and from the Q-V diagram, respectively. The single Lamp of EEFL for 32' LCD-BLU has the resistance of $66\;k\Omega$ and the capacitance of 21.61 pF. The resistance, which is connected by parallel in the 20-EEFLS BLU, is $3.3\;k\Omega$ and the capacitance is 402.1 pF. The matching frequency in the operation of lamp system is noted as $\omega_M=1/\sqrt{L_2C(1-k^2)}$, where $L_2$ is the inductance of secondary coil and k is the coupling coefficient between primary and secondary coil. The lamp current and voltage has maximum value at the matching frequency in the LCD BLU system. The results of analytic solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 2024

Background/Aims: The prognostic significance of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are controversial. We explored the prognostic impact of sequential ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT during frontline chemotherapy of patients with PTCLs. Methods: In total, 143 patients with newly diagnosed PTCLs were included. Sequential ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CTs were performed at the time of diagnosis, during chemotherapy, and at the end of chemotherapy. The baseline total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) was calculated using the the standard uptake value with a threshold method of 2.5. Results: A baseline TMTV of 457.0 cm³ was used to categorize patients into high and low TMTV groups. Patients with a high TMTV had shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than those with a low TMTV (PFS, 9.8 vs. 26.5 mo, p = 0.043; OS, 18.9 vs. 71.2 mo, p = 0.004). The interim ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT response score was recorded as 1, 2-3, and 4-5 according to the Deauville criteria. The PFS and OS showed significant differences according to the interim ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT response score (PFS, 120.7 vs. 34.1 vs. 5.1 mo, p < 0.001; OS, not reached vs. 61.1 mo vs. 12.1 mo, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The interim PET/CT response based on visual assessment predicts disease progression and survival outcome in PTCLs. A high baseline TMTV is associated with a poor response to anthracycline-based chemotherapy in PTCLs. However, TMTV was not an independent predictor for PFS in the multivariate analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2003

This study was focused on comparing the knowledge, attitudes and experiences in sex and the needs for sex education of nursing students and non-nursing students. The subjects of this study were 403 female students who attended 4 universities in Busan. The data was collected from November 2002 to December, and analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard variance, t-test and Chi-square. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of sex knowledge of the nursing students was 13.29 and the non-nursing students's was 11.11. There was a difference(p=0.000) between nursing and non-nursing students in sex knowledge. 2. The mean score of sex attitude of nursing and non-nursing students was 25.64, 26.65 respectively. There was no statistical difference. 3. 61.8% of the nursing students and 62.3% of the non-nursing students had experienced a relation with the opposite sex. Kissing experience was 59.9%, 61.8% and masturbation was 9.5%, 9.2% respectively. Sexual intercourse was 5.3%, 11.9% and contraception was 1.9%, 8.2% respectively. Among these experiences, sexual intercourse and contraception experience rate were different(p=0.017, p=0.002 respectively) between nursing and non-nursing students. 4. Of 19 sexual education contents, only 'the dignity of life' showed a difference. That is, more nursing students(92.9%) wanted to know about 'the dignity of life' than non-nursing students(85.7%). Among the respcndent's needs on the sexual education contents, 'Contraception' was rated first and followed by 'Sex psychology of men and women', 'Pregnancy', 'Prevention of sexual crime' and 'Sexually transmitted diseases'. Most of the respcndents(95.8%) wanted sex education introduced in the :first year of university, and presented as a special class. Specifically, 50.0% of the students wanted the education to be more realistic and systemic. With the above results, when university faculties are sexual educating to university students, they have to aware of the difference of target students. And they need to stress more realistic and specific aspect of sexual education learning rather than theoretical teaching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2011

투명 비정질 산화물반도체는 디스플레이의 구동소자인 박막 트랜지스터에 채널층으로 사용된다. 또한 투명하면서 유연성이 있는 소자를 저비용으로 제작할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 투명 산화물반도체 재료 중 IGZO는 Si 또는 GaAs와 같은 공유결합성 반도체와는 다른 전자 배치로 전도대가 금속이온의 ns 궤도에서 형성되며, 가전도대가 산소 음이온의 2p 궤도에서 형성된다. 특히 큰 반경의 금속 양이온은 인접한 양이온과 궤도 겹침이 크게 발생하게 되며 캐리어의 효과적인 이동 경로를 제공해줌으로써 다른 비정질 반도체와는 다르게 높은 전하이동도(~10 $cm^2$/Vs)를 가진다. 따라서 저온공정에서 우수한 성능의 TFT소자를 제작할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 TFT 채널층으로 사용하기 위한 a-IGZO박막의 산소분압에 따른 특성변화를 분석 하였다. a-IGZO박막은 Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD)를 이용하여 산소분압(20~200 mTorr) 변화에 따라 Glass기판에 증착하였다. 증착된 a-IGZO 박막의 구조적 특성으로는 X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), 광학적 특성은 UV-vis spectroscopy 분석을 통해서 알아보았다. TFT 채널층의 조건으로는 낮은 off-current, 높은 on-off ratio를 위해 고저항 ($10^3\;{\Omega}cm$)의 진성반도체 성질과 source/drain금속과의 낮은 접촉저항(ohmic contact) 등의 전기적 성질이 필요하다. 따라서 이러한 전기적 특성확인을 위해 transmission line method (TLM)을 사용하여 접촉저항과 비저항을 측정하였고, 채널층으로 적합한 분압조건을 확인해볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.527-533
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• 2017

As the clothing industry has advanced, dyeing technologies using various dyes have been developed. In recent years, interest in natural pigments has been increasing because of the negative impact of synthetic pigment on human health; therefore, development and application of microbial pigments is demanded. In this study, the dyeing effects on multifiber fabrics and biological activity were assessed using violet natural pigment from the marine bacterium, Microbulbifer sp. PPB12. The violet pigment produced by cultivation of Microbulbifer sp. PPB12 using Marine broth 2216 for 3 days was extracted using ethanol. Once dissolved in 20% ethanol, the violet pigment could be used to dye bleached cotton, diacetate, and especially polyamide. The optimal temperature, time, pH, and bath ratio under the dyeing conditions were $80^{\circ}C-90^{\circ}C$, more than 1 hour, pH 4-6, and 1:25, respectively. The mordant treatment was more suitable for color expression when $Na_2SO_4$ was used after 10 minutes of dyeing, but no significant difference was observed from untreated samples. The violet pigment also showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. The results of the present study indicate that the marine bacterial pigment could be an alternative for textile dyeing as a natural dye with antibacterial activity.