Acknowledgement
Supported by : Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
References
- Baldasseroni S, Opasich C, Gorini M, et al. Left bundle-branch block is associated with increased 1-year sudden and total mortality rate in 5517 outpatients with congestive heart failure: a report from the Italian network on congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 2002;143:398-405. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2002.121264
- Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J 2016;37:2129-200. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
- Bristow MR, Saxon LA, Boehmer J, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy with or without an implantable defibrillator in advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2140-50. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa032423
- Zusterzeel R, Selzman KA, Sanders WE, et al. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in women: US Food and Drug Administration meta-analysis of patient-level data. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:1340-8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.2717
- Zareba W, Klein H, Cygankiewicz I, et al. Effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy by QRS morphology in the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT). Circulation 2011;123:1061-72. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.960898
- Brenyo A, Rao M, Barsheshet A, et al. QRS axis and the benefit of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with mildly symptomatic heart failure enrolled in MADIT-CRT. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013;24:442-8. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12057
- Rabkin SW, Mathewson FA, Tate RB. Natural history of marked left axis deviation (left anterior hemiblock). Am J Cardiol 1979;43:605-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90020-1
- Yano K, Peskoe SM, Rhoads GG, Moore JO, Kagan A. Left axis deviation and left anterior hemiblock among 8,000 Japanese-American men. Am J Cardiol 1975;35:809-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(75)90116-2
- Swiryn S, Abben R, Denes P, Rosen KM. Electrocardiographic determinants of axis during left bundle branch block: study in patients with intermittent left bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 1980;46:53-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(80)90605-0
- Flowers NC. Left bundle branch block: a continuously evolving concept. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987;9:684-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(87)80065-7
- Dhingra RC, Amat-Y-Leon F, Wyndham C, et al. Significance of left axis deviation in patients with chronic left bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 1978;42:551-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(78)90622-7
- Park CS, Cha MJ, Choi EK, Oh S. Prognostic implication of the QRS axis and its association with myocardial scarring in patients with left bundle branch block. Korean Circ J 2017;47:263-9. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2016.0359
- Patel PJ, Verdino RJ. Usefulness of QRS axis change to predict mortality in patients with left bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 2013;112:390-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.03.045
- Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ, et al. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:976-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2008.12.013
- Lee SE, Cho HJ, Lee HY, et al. A multicentre cohort study of acute heart failure syndromes in Korea: rationale, design, and interim observations of the Korean Acute Heart Failure (KorAHF) registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2014;16:700-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.91
- Lee SE, Lee HY, Cho HJ, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of acute heart failure in Korea: results from the Korean Acute Heart Failure Registry (KorAHF). Korean Circ J 2017;47:341-53. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2016.0419
- Schiller NB, Shah PM, Crawford M, et al. Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1989;2:358-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0894-7317(89)80014-8
- Van Bommel RJ, Marsan NA, Delgado V, et al. Value of the surface electrocardiogram in detecting right ventricular dilatation in the presence of left bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 2011;107:736-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.10.051
- Lichstein E, Mahapatra R, Gupta PK, Chadda KD. Significance of complete left bundle branch block with left axis deviation. Am J Cardiol 1979;44:239-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90311-4
- Perrotta L, Kandala J, DI Biase L, et al. Prognostic Impact of QRS axis deviation in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2016;27:315-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12887
- Das MK, Cheriparambil K, Bedi A, et al. Prolonged QRS duration (QRS >/=170 ms) and left axis deviation in the presence of left bundle branch block: A marker of poor left ventricular systolic function? Am Heart J 2001;142:756-9. https://doi.org/10.1067/mhj.2001.118735
- Havelda CJ, Sohi GS, Flowers NC, Horan LG. The pathologic correlates of the electrocardiogram: complete left bundle branch block. Circulation 1982;65:445-51. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.65.3.445
- Haft JI, Herman MV, Gorlin R. Left bundle branch block: etiologic, hemodynamic, and ventriculographic considerations. Circulation 1971;43:279-87. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.43.2.279
- de Groote P, Millaire A, Foucher-Hossein C, et al. Right ventricular ejection fraction is an independent predictor of survival in patients with moderate heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:948-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(98)00337-4
- Ghio S, Gavazzi A, Campana C, et al. Independent and additive prognostic value of right ventricular systolic function and pulmonary artery pressure in patients with chronic heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:183-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(00)01102-5
- Damy T, Ghio S, Rigby AS, et al. Interplay between right ventricular function and cardiac resynchronization therapy: an analysis of the CARE-HF trial (Cardiac Resynchronization-Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;61:2153-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.02.049
- Sharma A, Bax JJ, Vallakati A, et al. Meta-analysis of the relation of baseline right ventricular function to response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Am J Cardiol 2016;117:1315-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.01.029
- Rapacciuolo A, Maffe S, Palmisano P, et al. Prognostic role of right ventricular function in patients with heart failure undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Clin Cardiol 2016;39:640-5. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.22574