• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 제4회 추계심포지움
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• pp.99-113
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• 1996

Taurine, a ${\beta}$-amino acid, plays an important role as a neuromodulator and is necessary for the normal development of the brain. Since de novo synthesis of taurine in the brain is minimal and in vivo studies suggest that taurine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is likely to play a role in taurine transport between the central nervous system and the systemic circulation. Therefore, we examined in vivo elimination of taurine from the CSF in the rat to characterize in vivo kinetics of elimination for taurine from the CSF is consistent with the in vitro study. Using a stereotaxic device, cannulaes were placed into the lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna of the rat. Radio-labelled taurine and inulin (a marker of CSF flow) were injected into the lateral ventricle, and the concentrations of the labelled compounds in the CSF were monitored for up to 3 hrs in the cisterna magna. The apparent clearance of taurine from CSF was greater than the estimated CSF flow (p<0.005), indicating that there is a clearance process in addition to the CSF flow. Taurine distribution into the choroid plexus was at least 10 fold higher than that found in other brain areas (e.g., cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex). When unlabelled taurine was co-administered with radio-labelled taurine, the apparent clearance of the labeled taurine was reduced (p<0.01), suggesting a saturable disposition of taurine from CSF. Distribution of taurine into the choroid plexus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex was similarly diminished, indicating that the saturable uptake of taurine into these tissues is responsible for the non-linear disposition. A pharmacokinetic model involving first order elimination and saturable distribution described these data adequately. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant estimated from in vivo elimination study is similar to that obtained in the in vitro uptake experiment Collectively, our results demonstrate that taurine is transported in the choroid plexus via a taurine is cleared from the CSF via a saturable process. This process may be functionally relevant to taurine homeostasis in the brain.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 점액포자충에 의한 넙치의 여윔증 치료 후보물질을 탐색하기 위하여, Coxi-stop, Coxiclin 및 BLEAN80 등의 제품을 사용하여 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 실시하였다. 톨트라주릴이 주성분인 Coxi-stop의 경우, BF-2 cell을 사용한 in vitro 실험에서 점액포자충의 활성을 감소시키는 결과를 보였고, cell lysis와 같은 세포 독성 현상이 나타나지 않았다. In vivo 실험에서 Coxi-stop을 사용하여 약욕한 실험군은 대조군에 비하여 누적폐사율이 낮게 나타났으며, 이것은 톨트라주릴이 어류 기생충성 질병에 치료 효과가 있다는 기존의 보고와 유사한 결과이다. 본 연구에서는 톨트라주릴이 넙치의 여윔증 치료제로서 가능성이 있는 후보 물질이라는 것을 제시한다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1994

레이저 다이오드의 자기혼합 효과를 이용한 조직혈류측정을 위한 기초연구를 하였다. 이동물체로 인한 레이저 도플러 신호를 자기혼합 효과에 의해 검출하였으며, 피검자의 인지로부터 비관혈적으로 조직의 혈류 변화를 측정할 수 있었다. 이동 물체의 이동속도가 변함에 따라 자기혼합 효과에 의한 도플러 편이 주파수는 선형적으로 변하였으며, in-vivo 실험의 인지에서 측정된 토플러 신호는 운동후의 주파수가 운동전의 주파수 보다 높았으며, 이는 운동생리학적인 결과와도 일치하였다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.380-389
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• 2018

Black vinegar has been traditionally used for supplemental flavoring on food, and commercialized beverages. Here, to investigate the effects on in vivo anti-obesity complications of black vinegar produced with herbal extracts, we evaluated on the biochemical effects of high-fat diet (HFD) induced mice compared to control fed ones. After a 84-day experiment HFD mice had higher (P < 0.05) weight gains, relative abdominal-fat pads, blood glucose level, serum/liver lipids, and serum nephron indices. Continuous oral treatment of three different concentration of herbal black vinegar (HBV; stock, 2-fold, and 4-fold diluted solution) to HFD mice showed that HBV reduced marked obesity (fat depositions, adipocyte hypertrophy), hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia (serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol levels), enhanced liver function (AST/ALT), and kidney function (BUN, creatine levels), respectively. Thus, HBV is expected to serve as an efficient and functional supplemental ingredients or food for the alleviation of obesity syndrome.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.371-382
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• 2020

화장품의 사용감을 관계 있는 물성의 측정을 통해 정량화하려는 시도가 이어져오고 있다. 그 중 끈적임은 texture ananlyzer를 이용하여 수직 힘을 측정하는 방식이 대표적이며, 시간에 따른 수직 힘의 그래프에서 음의 면적인 area under curve (AUC)와 상관관계를 갖는 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근 노르망디 대학에서는 이러한 특성에 피부의 특성을 함께 고려하여 TA를 이용한 in vivo 끈적임 평가법을 개발하였다[8]. 본 연구에서는 이를 확장하여 화장품 크림의 in vivo 끈적임 평가법을 최적화하고자 하였다. 페이셜 크림 5 종을 대상으로 크림의 도포량 및 도포 횟수, 탐침의 모양과 소재를 바꾸어 보면서 실험을 진행하였고, 관능 평가 결과를 기준으로 가장 부합하는 조건을 최적의 평가법으로 설정하였다. 그 결과, 3.4 cm의 원 내부에 70 μL의 크림을 7 s 동안 10 회 문지르고 측정하는 방식이 가장 적합한 것으로 판단되었다. 탐침의 경우, 원기둥형보다 구형의 탐침이 재현성이 높게 나타나 구형의 금속 탐침을 택하였다. 최적의 평가법을 확보하여 10 인의 피험자를 대상으로 인체 평가를 진행한 결과, 사람에 따른 절대값에는 차이가 있으나 AUC의 순위는 모두 같게 얻어졌다. 마지막으로 AUC의 끈적임 표준화의 시도로 PVP를 표준 물질로 설정하여 농도 별로 AUC를 측정하고, 5종의 크림 별 끈적임 인지율을 확인하여 AUC와 끈적임의 상관관계에 대해 알아보았다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2009

in vivo 및 in vitro에서 마황의 항염증효과를 검토하기 위하여 마황추출물을 급여한 흰쥐에게 LPS shock로 급성기 염증반응을 유발시킨 후, 혈액 및 간장의 전염증성 cytokines들의 농도를 경시적으로 조사하였으며, 한편으로는 Raw 264.7 cell에 LPS shock를 가한 후, 마황추출물이 각종 전염증성 cytokines들의 생산량에 미치는 영향을 조사했다. in vivo 실험에서, 각 처리군 별 plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$ 및 IL-10 농도의 경시적 변동은 전 처리군 모두가 LPS 처리 후, 2h째 급격하게 증가하여, 5h째에 최고치를 나타내었다. Plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도는 LPS처리 후 5h째에서 마황 첨가군 모두가 대조군보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. Plasma IL-10의 농도는 LPS처리 후, 2h째 및 5h째 모두 에서 마황추출물 첨가군 들이 대조군보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. Raw 264.7 macrophages를 이용한 in vitro 실험에서, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 및 TNF-$\alpha$의 농도들은 대조군보다 마황처리 군들 모두가 낮은 값을 나타내었다. IL-10의 농도는 대조군보다 마황처리군들이 다소 높은 경향을 보였으나, 유의한 차이는 아니었다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해보면 마황에 내재하는 기능성 물질들이 염증반응을 완화하는 효과를 가지고 있음을 시사해 준다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of reductive acetogens isolated from ruminants on methane mitigation, and milk performance, respectively. Four acetogens, Proteiniphilum acetatigenes DA02, P. acetatigenes GA01, Alkaliphilus crotonatoxidans GA02, and P. acetatigenes GA03 strains were isolated from ruminants and used in in vitro experiment. A control (without acetogen) and a positive group (with Eubacterium limosum ATCC 8486) were also included in in vitro experiment. Based on higher acetate as well as lower methane producing ability in in vitro trial, P. acetatigenes GA03 was used as inoculum for in vivo experiment. Holstein dairy cows (n = 14) were divided into two groups viz. control (without) and GA03 group (diet supplied with P. acetatigenes GA03 at a feed rate of 1% supplementation). Milk performance and blood parameters were checked for both groups. In in vitro, the total volatile fatty acids and acetate production were higher (p < 0.05) in all 4 isolated acetogens than the control and positive treatment. Also, all acetogens significantly lowered (p < 0.05) methane production in comparison to positive and control groups however, GA03 had the lowest (p < 0.05) methane production among 4 isolates. In in vivo, the rate of milk yield reduction was higher (p < 0.05) in the control than GA03 treated group (5.07 vs 2.4 kg). Similarly, the decrease in milk fat was also higher in control (0.14% vs 0.09%) than treatment. The somatic cell counts (SCC; ×10³/mL) was decreased from 128.43 to 107.00 in acetogen treated group however, increased in control from 138.14 to 395.71. In addition, GA03 increased blood glucose and decreased non-esterified fatty acids. Our results suggest that the isolated acetogens have the potential for in vitro methane reduction and P. acetatigenes GA03 strain could be a candidate probiotic strain for improving milk yield and milk fat in lactating cows with lowering SCCs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.650-666
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to investigate whether wood vinegar produced from Morus alba (MA) significantly affects the increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats, and in vitro airway mucin secretion and PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells. Materials and Methods : For the in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to SO2 over 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered MA over 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assessed using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. For the in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of MA to assess the effect of MA on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of MA and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml), EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-alpha (0.2 nm) for 24 hrs, to assess both effects of MA on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Possible cytotoxicities of MA in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of MA were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering MA orally. Results : 1. MA decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances of rats exposed to sulfur dioxide inhalationally. 2. MA decreased in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. 3. MA significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-alpha-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. 4. MA did not show either in vitro or in vivo hepatic or renal toxicities. Conclusion : The results from this study suggests that MA can regulate the secretion, production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and does not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effects of MA should be further studied using animal experimental models that simulate the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases via future research.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2014

Objectives In this study, the author tried to investigate whether piryongbang-gamgil-tang (PGGT) significantly affect in vitro airway mucin secretion, PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production / gene expression from human airway epithelial cells and increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells of rats. Materials and Methods For in vitro experiment, confluent RTSE cells were chased for 30 min in the presence of PGGT to assess the effect of PGGT on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGFor TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production and gene expression from human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated for 30 min in the presence of PGGT and treated with PMA (10 ng/ml) or EGF (25 ng/ml) or TNF-${\alpha}$ (0.2 nM) for 24 hrs, to assess both effect of PGGT on PMA- or EGF- or TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin production by ELISA and gene expression by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For in vivo experiment, the author induced hypersecretion of airway mucus and goblet cell hyperplasia by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ during 3 weeks. Effect of orally-administered PGGT during 2 weeks on increase in airway epithelial mucosubstances from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assesed by using histopathological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue. Possible cytotoxicities of PGGT in vitro were assessed by examining LDH release from RTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. In vivo liver and kidney toxicities of PGGT were evaluated by measuring serum GOT/GPT activities and serum BUN/creatinine concentrations of rats after administering PGGT orally. Results (1) PGGT did not affect in vitro mucin secretion from cultured RTSE cells. (2) PGGT significantly inhibited PMA-, EGF-, and TNF-${\alpha}$-induced MUC5AC mucin productions and the expression levels of MUC5AC mRNA from NCI-H292 cells. (3) PGGT decreased the amount of intraepithelial mucosubstances and showed the tendency of expectorating airway mucus already produced. (4) PGGT increased LDH release from RTSE cells. However, PGGT did not show in vivo liver and kidney toxicities and cytotoxicity to NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion The result from this study suggests that PGGT can regulate the production and gene expression of airway mucin observed in diverse respiratory diseases accompanied by mucus hypersecretion and do not show in vivo toxicity to liver and kidney functions after oral administration. Effect of PGGT with their components should be further studied using animal experimental models that reflect the diverse pathophysiology of respiratory diseases through future investigations.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.318-333
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• 2008

Objectives : In this study, the author tried to examine whether Cheogjogupye-tang (淸燥救肺湯, CGPT) and Yieum-jeon (理陰煎, YEJ) significantly affect in vitro and in vivo mucin secretion, MUC5AC gene expression in airway epithelial cells and contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbit. Materials and Methods : For in vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were chased for 30 minutes in the presence of CGPT and YEJ to assess the effects of the agents on mucin secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with removal of oriental herbal medicine extract from each agent-treated sample by centrifuge microfilter. Also, the effects of the agents on TNF-alpha or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Possible cytotoxicities of the agent were assessed by examining both LDH release from HTSE cells and the rate of survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. For in vivo experiment, hypersecretion of airway mucin and goblet cell hyperplasia was induced by exposure of rats to $SO_2$ over 3 weeks. Effects of CGPT and YEJ orally administered for 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion from tracheal goblet cells of rats and hyperplasia of goblet cells were assessed using ELISA and histological analysis after staining the epithelial tissue with alcian blue, respectively. Also, the effects of CGPT and YEJ on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle were investigated. Results : (1) CGPT significantly inhibited in vitro mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells. However, YEJ did not affect in vitro mucin secretion; (2) CGPT and YEJ did not affect hypersecretion of in vivo mucin and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells; (3) CGPT and YEJ slightly increased the expression levels of TNF-alpha or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene in NCI-H292 cells; (4) CGPT and YEJ inhibited acetylcholine-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle of rabbit; (5) CGPT and YEJ did not affect LDH release from HTSE cells and the survival and proliferation of NCI-H292 cells. Conclusion : The results from the present study suggest that CGPT and YEJ mainly affect the expression of mucin gene rather than secretion of mucin and do not show remarkable cytotoxicity to respiratory epithelial cells.